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c^enealogtcal ISecorliji 

of 

(Beorgc ^mall, l^l^iltp aibngi^t, Slol^ann ^anitl 

J^iincfiel, 3^iUtam (BtUtt^ latimct, 

Ci^omajsi l3anot», 9!ol)n aSciD, Daniel I3enc?ct, 

9Iean Cromntcltn, 9Ioel Eici^arb^on 



This edition is /it)iited to one hundred copies. 
This is No 




No. 79 



GENEALOGICAL RECORDS 

OF 

^o|)ann Qaniri Qttnchfl 
William S^ctiHtQ Xt^timtv, 

Ol^oinas fgartoio> ^|)n Qtiti> 
Qanid ©cnr^rt, ^ean 

Grommrlin, «JoeI :8idjarli0on 



COMPILED BY 



SAMUEL SMALL, Jr. 




i^rmteD for l^ribate Circulation 

BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA 



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lor CONOR Esafi 



^ y 'j y r 



Revised and Edited 
By Anne H. Cresson 




preface 




HE amount of labor in the compilation of an authentic 
genealogy is probably realized only by those who engage 
in such work. Sources of information are widely scat- 
tered and difiticult of access, and many false clues must 
of necessity be followed at considerable expense of time 
and money. The successful search for the European 
ancestry of the " Small" family involved an investiga- 
tion abroad which covered the entire Rhenish provinces. 
Inquir_\- into the European origin of the other families 
as been cursorily pursued, leaving to some future enthusiast 
the pleasure of perfecting his famil_\' tree by personal inquiry and research in 
foreign lands. 

Genealogies are usually interesting, but are not always convincing. Many 
professional genealogists abroad seem willing to sacrifice truth to tickle the fancy 
of their employers, and their aim in man)- cases seems to be to couple the name 
of their client with that of some distinguished European family, founding an 
imaginary relationship on nothing more substantial than a similarit)' of name and 
supplying from their invention missing links in the chain of descent. 

It is impossible to prepare an extensive genealogy free from error, but in the 
preparation of this work every conceivable safeguard has been taken and the 
statements herein made are founded upon matters of record. Every incident 
dependent alone upon family tradition has been carefully labelled as such, and, 
though errors may exist, it is hoped they have been reduced to a minimum. 

Notwithstanding the fact that complete genealogies of some of the families 
herein considered have been finished in manuscript by the writer, yet it is found 
inadvisable to present them in this work on account of the large cost of publi- 
cation. However, sufficient data is given of each family herein treated to enable 
any descendant at a minimum expenditure of labor to carry out and complete 
his branch of the family tree in the blank pages provided for the purpose. The 
expense of the publication has further caused the omission from this volume of 
copies of many handsome portraits, pictures of silver, china, and other heirlooms, 
and has made necessary the excision of many interesting anecdotes and sk'ctches. 
After five years of intermittent but enthusiastic research this unadorned 
account of the lives of plain but honest people is submitted to their few interested 
descendants. 

S. S., Jr. 




mmiWm^i'Mm 




Content© 



Genealogical Records of George Small i 

Kramer 96 

Uber 97 

Welschance 98 

Genealogical Records of Philip Albright 99 

Genealogical Records of Johann Daniel Dunckel 124 

Genealogical Records of William Geddes Latimer 138 

Geddes 17-2 

Genealogical Records of Thomas Bartow 173 

Genealogical Records of John Reid 182 

Genealogical Records of Daniel Benezet 190 

Genealogical Records of Jean Crommelin 213 

Genealogical Records of Joel Richardson 219 

Appendix 236 




3inustration0 



Philip Albright Small Frontispiece. 

Mrs. Charles Morris 40 

Samuel Small 54 

Alexander Small 68 

George Small 74 

William Latimer Small 86 

Samuel Small 94 

JoHANN Daniel Dunckel 124 

DuNCKEL Coat of Arms 130 

James Latimer 142 

Hon. George Latimer 150 

Mrs. George Latimer (Margaret Cathcart) 152 

Sarah Latimer 154 

Hon. Henry Latimer 154 

Captain Henrv Geddes 156 

Mrs. Henry Geddes ( Margaret Latimer) 156 

George Latimer 162 

Latimer Coat of Arms 170 

Bartow Coat of Arms 174 

Thomas Bartow 178 

Mrs. Thomas Bartow (Sarah Benezet) 180 

Benezet Coat of Arms igo 

Louis Jean Benezet 192 

Benezet Coat of Arms (on old silver) 194 

Mrs. John Stephen Benezet 198 

Crommelin Coat of Arms 214 

Isaac Crommelin 216 

Ebenezer Richardson 232 

Frances Ann Richardson (Mrs. Samuel Small) 234 

Bishop Latimer 330 



^ ^'^ ^1^ ^H^a^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ l^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ 



(Sfitfalogical 3Klecorb0 of 
^forge ^mall 

OF YORK, PENNSYLVANIA 




,,^HE little town of Essenheiin, in the duchy of Hessen, 
Germany, Hes at the confluence of the rivers Main and 
Rhine, its inhabitants at the present time number four- 
teen hundred. The surrounding region is noted for its 
vineyards, which annually produce large quantities of 
such wines as Nierstein, Oppenheim, etc. The city of 
Maintz lies two hours distant by train. 

From Essenheim came Lorentz Schmahl, the 
founder of the Small family of York, Pennsylvania. 
In a roster of the inhabitants of Essenheim in 1624 the name of Schmahl 
does not appear, but in 1646 Lorentz and Elizabeth Schmahl, grandparents of the 
emigrant, presented a child for baptism, which baptism, duly entered in the books 
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, gives the earliest record of the family which 
has yet been found. No efifort has been made to trace the name beyond Essenheim. 
From the records of the church at Essenheim has been gathered considerable 
information of interest to the Small family. The search has been carefully made, 
and the abstracts are guaranteed under the signature of the present pastor and 
under the seal of the Lutheran Church. 

Lorentz Schmahl appears to have settled in Essenheim as a young man, 
shortly after his marriage. For many years, from this time on, the name appears 
more or less frequently upon the records. It has now, however, almost entirely 
disappeared from the neighborhood. 

The Essenheim records show that Lorentz Schmahl died aged eighty-four 
years, and was buried on January 30, 1698. There is no record of the death of 
his wife. 



Lorentz Schmahl' and his wife Elizabeth were the parents of six chil- 
dren, all of whom were baptized in the Lutheran Church at Essenheim, — viz. : 

2. Hans Killian SchmahP, baptized January 11, 1646; sponsor, Hans Morrfeld. 

3. Hans Michael Schmahl', baptized January 12, 1651; sponsor, Michael Runkle, 

a bachelor, son of Dinyis Runkle, deceased. 

4. Johann Adam SchmahP, born and baptized February 4, 1653; sponsor, Hans 

Schwartz. 



(Genealogical BccorDjs of (Beorgc ^mall 

5. Hans Heinrich Schmahl', baptized June 20, 1658; sponsor, Rev. Johann Heinrich 

Kurtz, 

6. Anna Elizabeth Schmahl", baptized October 19, 1659; sponsor, Anna Elizabeth, 

wife of Johannes Hoche. 

7. Lorentz SchmahP, baptized June 15, 1662; sponsor, Lorentz Wolfe. 

Cl)irD (Generation 

7. Lorentz Schmahl- (Lorentz^), baptized June 15, 1662; died Novem- 
ber 9, 1733 ; married, February 2, 1694, Anna Maria Barbara, daughter of 
Johann Adam Kramer, deceased, and his wife Anna Maria {nee Schwartz). 

Anna Maria Kramer, at the time of her marriage, was in the seventeenth 
year of her age. 

Lorentz Schmahl, councihnan, died at midnight November 9, and was buried 
on NoveiTiber 11, 1733. His age was seventy-one years and five months. The 
funeral sermon was preached from the text, " And, behold, there was a man in 
Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon; and the same man was just and devout, 
waiting for the consolation of Israel : and the Holy Ghost was upon him," etc. 
(St. Luke ii. 25-32). 

Anna Maria Schmahl, widow of Lorentz Schmahl, died after a six weeks' 
illness, at the age of sixty-seven years. She was buried on the 23d of November, 
1745. The funeral sermon was preached from the text, " Now she that is a widow 
indeed, and desolate, trusteth in God, and continuetli in supplication and prayers 
night and day" (i Timothy, v. 5). 

Lorentz and Anna Maria Schmahl were the parents of eleven children, — viz.: 

8. Maria Elizabeth Schmahf, baptized March 16, 1696; sponsor, Maria Elizabeth, 

daughter of Peter Bloche, deceased. 

9. Magdalena Schmahl', born February 7, baptized February 13, 1699; sponsor, 

Magdalcna, daughter of Johannes Kramer, deceased. 

10. Johann Adam SchmahP, baptized April 10, 1701; sponsor, Johann Adam, son 

of Chief Burgess Johann Adam Wagner, deceased. 

11. Johann Erich Schmahl', born July 6, baptized July 13, 1704; sponsor, Johann 

Erich, son of Rev. Johannes Schruber. 

12. Johannes SchmahP, born April 15, baptized April 24, 1707; sponsor, Johannes 

Klein. 

13. Lorentz SchmahP, born June 10, baptized June 17, 1708; sponsor, Lorentz, son 

of Johann George Schieb, deceased. 

14. Anna Christina SchmahP, born January 18, baptized February i. 171 1; sponsor, 

.Anna Christina, wife of Jciliannes Wolfenehl. 

15. Johann Heinrich SchmahP, baptized November 18, 1714; sponsor, Johannes 

Liber, councilman. 

16. Magdalena SchmahP, baptized September 18, 1718; sponsor, Magdalena, 

daughter of Adam Schmahl. 

17. Eva SchmahP, baptized May 20, 1720; sponsor, Eva Christopel Stuppen, frau. 

18. Johannes SchmahP, baptized June 20, 1723; sponsor, Johannes Stern, son of 

Philipps Stern. 



d^enealoQfcal EecotDjS of (Btot^t ^mall 



foutt]^ (15cncration 

13. Lorentz SchmahP (Lorentz^, Lorentz'), born June 10, 1708; was 
married to Eva, daughter of Heinrich Uber, on January 27, 1728, in the Church 
of Essenheim. Their children, recorded at Essenheim, were : Johann Adam, Eva, 
Killian, Lorentz, and Magdalena. 

In the Mortuary Record of the Church of Essenheim is the following para- 
graph : 

" On the 3d of June, 1743, Lorentz Schmahl, his wife Eva, and five children, 
Johannes Adam, Eva, Killian, Lorentz, and Magdalena, 7 persons, left our com- 
munity and emigrated to the American Colonies." 

This completes the abstract from the records of the church of Essenheim. 
That which follows is derived from various sources on this side of the Atlantic. 

Lorentz Schmahl, with his wife and family, arrived in Philadelphia on the 
ship " Loyal Judith," from Rotterdam, James Cowie, Master.* 

According to custom, all males over sixteen years of age were obliged to 
take the oath of allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain and the Province of 
Pennsylvania as soon after their arrival as possible, being formed in line and 
marched to the court-house or to the official residence of the magistrate for the 
purpose, after which ceremony they might proceed on their way. 

Lorentz Schmahl and his fellow-passengers were qualified on September 2, 
1743, having probably arrived the previous day. 

The form of the required oath was as follows : 

OATH OF ALLEGIANCE.t 

" I, Lorentz Schmahl, do solemnly & sincerely promise & declare that I will 
be true and faithful to King George the Second, and do solemnly, sincerely and 
truly Profess, Testifie and Declare that I do from my Heart abhor, detest & 
renounce as impious & heretical that wicked Doctrine & Position that Princes 
E.xcommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the See of Rome 
may be deposed or murthered by their subjects or any other ; or that any other 
State or Potentate hath, or ought to have, any power soever. 

" And I do declare that no foreign Prince, Person pre-jurisdiction, Superi- 
ority, Pre-eminence, or Authority, Ecclesiastical or Spiritual within the Realm of 
Great Britain, or the Dominions thereunto belonging ... J 

" L Lorentz Schmahl, do solemnly, sincerely and truly acknowledge, profess, 
testify & declare that King George the Second is lawful & rightful King of the 
Realm of Great Britain & of all others his Dominions & Countries thereunto 
belonging, and I do solemnly and sincerely declare that the person pretending to 
be Prince of Wales during the Life of the late King James, & since his Decease, 



* Penna. Archives. 2d Series vol. xvii. p. 238. 

t Ibid., p. 3. The name of Lorentz Schmahl is inserted instead of the initials of the original. 

i The printed copy, which is here followed, is evidently imperfect. 

3 



(Genealogical BecorDjs of ©eorge ^mall 

pretending to be taken [sic] upon himself the Stile and Title of King of England 
by the Name of James the Third, or of Scotland, by the name of James the Eighth, 
or by the Stile and title of King of Great Britain, hath not any right or title 
whatsoever to the crown of the Realm of Great Britain, nor any other of the 
Dominions thereunto belonging. 

" And I do renounce & refuse any Allegiance or obedience to him, & do 
solemnly promise that I will be true and faithful, and bear true allegiance to 
King George the Second, and to him will be faithfull against all traitorous Con- 
spiracies & attempts whatsoever which shall be made against his Person, Crown 
or Dignity, & I will do my best Endeavors to disclose & make known to King 
George the Second & his Successors all Treasons and traiterous Conspiracies 
which I shall know to be made against him or any of them. 

"And I will be true & faithful to the succession of the Crown against the 
said James & all other persons whatsoever, as the same is & stands settled by 
An Act Entitled, An Act declaring the Rights & Liberties of the Subject, and 
settling the Succession of the Crown to the late Queen Anne and the heirs of 
her body being Protestants, and as the same by one other act entitled, An Act for 
the further Limitations of the Crown & better securing the Rights & Liberties 
of the Subject is & stands Settled and Entailed after the Decease of the said late 
Queen & for Default of issue of the said late Queen to the late Princess Sophia, 
Electoress & Duchess Dowager at Hanover ; the Heirs of her Body being Protes- 
tants, and all these things I do plainly & sincerely acknowledge, promise & declare 
according to these express words by me spoken & according to the plain & com- 
mon sense & understanding of the same words without any Equivocation, mental 
Evasion or Secret Reservation whatsoever and I do make this Recognition, 
Acknowledgement Renunciation & Promise heartily, willingly and truly." 

The journey from Essenheim was no doubt accompanied with great hard- 
ships, and probably extended over a period of three months. For a description of 
such an experience, see " Gotlieb Mittelberger's Journey to Pennsylvania in 1750." 

Turning in the direction frequently taken by the German emigration of the 
period, the Schmahl family travelled from Philadelphia to Lancaster County, 
which then embraced a much larger area than at present. Crossing the Susque- 
hanna River, they settled at what is now known as Maish's Mills, six miles south- 
east of York, Pennsylvania. 

Before leaving Philadelphia the money brought to this country, possibly 
amounting to £500, was invested in implements of agriculture and household 
necessities. 

On settling in his new home, Lorentz Schmahl devoted himself to husbandry 
and " assiduously and successfully pursued his calling to the close of his life." * 

He died intestate in the year 1749, at the comparatively early age of forty-one 
vears. He was no doubt buried according to the custom of the time, in the plot 
of ground set apart on his own plantation for a family graveyard. No stone to 



Rupp's History of York County. 
4 



C^cncalogtcal KecorDjS of dSfcorgc ^mall 

mark the spot can be found, but here were buried members of the Reisinger 

family and others of the neighborhood. No pubHc graveyard existed in the 
region prior to the year 1765. 

Letters of administration on the estate of Lorentz Schmahl were granted on 
December 18, 1749, to his widow, Eva Schmahl. 

The inventory of his estate was as follows : 

" An inventory of all the Estates, Chattels and catties of Lawrence Small,* 
in the Township of Tipper Hellam, in the County of York and Province of 
Pennsylvania, made by John Thootr, Christian Zengeri and Bartho Maul, the 
i8th day of December, 1749. 

INVENTORY. 

£ s. d. 

To 2 Augers, gimlet and 2 files o 3 o 

To 2 Axes and two cropping hoes o iG o 

To shovel, spade, two pinchers and a carpenter dog o 13 o 

To Mawl and 3 Wedges and 3 Hammers o 15 o 

To Four Sickles and two old hogs o 10 o 

To A long fork and a long hook o 3 6 

To Four Collars with gears and a chain i 4 o 

To Four Bridles and two bridle bands i 10 o 

To Old Iron o i 6 

To A Saddle o 16 o 

To A Bell Collar and Robe o 2 6 

To A Frying pan, two iron pots, a little and large pan I 5 o 

To A Copper pan, two ladles, a fire tongs and a flesh fork and tin pots 090 

To A Funnel, a quart measure and three chairs o 8 o 

To A Smooth Iron and two holders and a plain iron o 5 9 

To Three Bells and two collars and a chop iron o 10 o 

To Two old Copper Kettles and a Sprinkler o 17 o 

To Two lamps and two bottles o 5 6 

To Three pewter dishes and four plates i 14 o 

To Eight pewter plates and eleven spoons o 18 o 

To An Iron Kettle and an Iron pot i 14 o 

To Ten Books 2 o o 

To A Little Glass Bottle, Ink Horn, looking glass o 4 o 

To Two old Spinning Wheels and two little boxes o 6 o 

To Eight pieces of copper ware i 6 o 

To Nine pieces Earthenware and a stone pot o 16 3 

To A Treasure i o o 

To A Coat and a Checoat and two little checoats and a pair of striped 

trousers 4 o o 



* The family continued to use the name Schmahl in its German form for many years after their 
settlement in this country. In the public records it was almost from the first given the English 
spelling, Small. 

5 



d^cncalogical EecorD0 of (Bcorgc i^mall 

£ s. d. 

To Two chests and a big trough i 15 o 

To Two old feather beds and two pillows 3 o o 

To Three old whetstones, three awls and a box trough Sauber .... o 20 

To A Table and three benches o 10 o 

To A wagon with swingle tree and breast chains n o o 

To A plow with all the plow iron for two plows 2 o o 

To Hive of bees and a basket of dry cheese o 13 6 

To Four sheep o 18 o 

To Cutting box and grind-stone o 11 o 

To Six Geese o 12 o 

To Eight hogs, big and little 2 2 o 

To Two Cows 5 o o 

To Two young cows 3 6 o 

To Three Heifers 3 10 o 

To Two yearling heifers o 15 o 

To Six Horse kind 33 o o 

To standing debt by Peter Ruby 3 3 o 

To more by Killyan Fissel o 5 8 

by Andrew Zumwalt o 16 o 

by Christian Zengeri i o o 

by George Herbach i 10 o 

by John Kline o 17 o 

To The Plantation 55 o o 



255 9 2 
" This we hereunto named testify this as a true Inventory, 

John Ysilz 
Christi.^n Zengeri 
Bartho Maul. 

" The goods forgotten by the first praising and now praised by the above 
Christian Zengeri and Bartho Maul, the 23d day of January, 1750. 

£ s. d. 

To a Time Box and a Chest o 6 o 

To A Hraber to Chain horses, an old trow knife and a handle to 

gimlets o 4 o 

To A parcel of old iron, 50 pewter buttons, 2 letters of a brand mark 

and a spear o 3 6 

To A lot of books and a half bushel 5 9 o 

To A pillow case and a gown and a cake and a boot moul 1 4 6 

To A pair of wool cords and 3 old kreoles and 3 books o 9 o 

To 7 pairs cow chains o 14 o 

To Two holder chains, two checks and one earthen pot o 8 6 

6 



Genealogical ISecorDji of (Beorge ^mall 



£ s. d. 

To A Bagin bridle and bedstead and six old straw bee houses .... o 90 

To Two old books o 2 o 

Debt o 4 o 



4 13 6 
255 9 2 



£260 



Christian Zengeri 
Bartho Maul." 
[Endorsed:] "Inventory of Lawrence Small's 

Estate Dec. 18, 1749." 

Eva, widow of Lorentz Schmahl, married, before January 26, 1750, Johann 
Nicholas Reisinger, who then became joint administrator with her to the estate 
of her first husband. Their account, filed on January 26, 1750, was as follows: 

" The accounts of Johannes Nicholas Reisinger and Eva, his wife, the widow 
of Lawrence Small, deceased, (to which said Eva, administration of all and singu- 
lar the goods and chattels, rights and credits, which were of the said Lawrence at 
the time of his death, in due form of law, was committed before the nuptials 
between the said Johannes Nicholas, and the said Eva were celebrated,) as well of 
all and singular the goods and chattels, rights and credits of the decedent, which 
came to their hands, possession or knowledge, as of their payment and disburse- 
ments out of the same. 

" Imprimis : The said accountants charge themselves with all and singular 
goods and chattels which came to their hands, possession and knowledge particu- 
larly mentioned in an inventory exhibited and remaining in the Register's office, 
at York, amounting to Two Hundred and Sixty Pounds Two Shillings and Eight 
Pence. 

" The said accountants pray an allowance of their payments and disburse- 
ments as follows : — viz, 

£ i. d. 
To the Register for letters of administration qualifying appraisers, 

filing inventory and copy thereof i 2 6 

To the appraisers o 4 o 

To Bartho Maul for drawing the inventory o 5 o 

To Christopher Crafert o 11 8 

To James Wright o 7 6 

To Barter Zealler o 8 6 

To Johann Philip, am't for carpenter work 12 8 o 

To Johannes Spohr i 7 7 

To Valentine Krog o 15 8 

To Hermanns Bott 4 o o 

7 



(Bencalogtcal ISecorDg of (Bcorgc ^mall 

£ 

To Leonard Imble i 

To Johannes Strickler i 

To the appraisers for valuing sundries omitted at first meeting .... o 
To the Register for drawing and settling administration, account, 

copy, Quietus and Qualification i 

To Balance in the hands of the administrators, to be distributed 

according to law 235 



s. 


d. 


5 





I 





5 






£260 2 8 



"Exhibited in the Register's office, at York, Pa, January 26th, 1750 

Johannes Nicholas Reisinger 

her 
Eva X Reisinger. 

mark 



Qualified 

to 
this acct.' 



" At an Orphans' Court held at York for the County of York, the fifth day 
of February in the Twenty-fourth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord George 
the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain France and Ireland, King, 
Defender of the Faith, etc., Anno Domini, One Thousand Seven Hundred and 
Fifty. Before John Day, Thomas Cox and George Svvoope, Esquires, Justices 
assigned. 

" Came into Court here, Killyan Small, a minor orphan of Lawrence Small, 
deceased, aged fifteen years, the last of September last, and chose Herman Bott 
to be his guardian, of whom the Court approves." 

"At the Court held the 8th day of February 1750. The Court, on the motion 
of the widow of Lawrence Small, of York County, deceased, chose Johannes 
Shultz and George Hooks [Hooke], as guardians of Anna Maria Magdalena 
Small, John Small, Jacob Small and Lawrence Small, minor orphans of the afore- 
said Lawrence Small, deceased, who consent to undertake the same." * 

March 29, 1759. " Came into Court, Eva Reisinger, late widow of Lawrence 
Small, deceased, and complains that John Schultz late one of the guardians of 
the minor orphan children of the said Lawrence, by appointment of a former 
Orphans' Court, of this County, is since deceased, and that George Hooke, the 
other guardian of the said children, is shortly about to remove out of this County, 
and therefore prayed this Court that some proper person may now be appointed 
in their stead. It is considered by the Court, and Michael Swoope, of Yorktown, 
shop-keeper, is appointed guardian over the persons and estates of Jacob Small, 
John Small, and Lawrence Small, minor chidren of said Lawrence Small, deceased, 
during their minority, in the room of the aforesaid John Schultz and George 
Hooke." t 



* Orphans' Court Docket A, p. 14. 
t Ibid., p. 109. 

8 



(PcncaloQical JSccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

March 29, 1759. " Came into Court, George Hooke, late surviving guardian 
of Anna Maria Magdalena Small, John Small, Jacob Small, and Lawrence Small, 
minor orphan children of Lawrence Small, deceased, and produced the account 
of his guardianship, by which, (after having been examined and approved by the 
Court,) it appears that there is a balance in his hands of Six Pounds, nineteen 
Shillings and five pence, which sum the said George paid to Michael Swoope, 
the present guardian over the persons and estates of the aforesaid John Small, 
Jacob Small and Lawrence Small." * 

" At an Orphans' Court held at York, for the County of York, the Twenty- 
seventh day of March, in the Twenty-sixth year of the reign of our sovereign 
Lord George the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and 
Ireland, King and Defender of the Faith, etc., before Patrick Watson, Hans 
Hamilton, John Pope, John Day and Herman Updegraf, Esquires, Justices of the 
same Court assigned, etc., 1753. 

" Came into Court Hans Nicholas Reisinger, who intermarried with the 
widow of Lawrence Small, and by his petition set forth that, when he intermarried 
with the widow, he expected to have held the plantation of the deceased as his 
own proper estate, at the appraisement, which he since understands he cannot do, 
and on that expectation has been at considerable expense and charge in improving 
the plantation and praying this Court will order the guardians of the minor orphans 
of the said Lawrence Small to reimburse him, etc. It is considered by the Court, 
and ordered that Conrad Holtsbaen, Conrad Fry and Christian Zengeri view and 
value his labor and improvements, and make report to the next Court." f 

June II, 1753. "The persons appointed at an Orphans" Court, held at York, 
the 27th day of March, last past, to value the improvements made by Hans 
Nicholas Reisinger, of the plantation, late of Lawrence Small, deceased made 
their report, which report, with the expenses of maintaining the younger children 
of the said Lawrence Small and the profits of the place, together with the accounts 
of administration, were considered by the Court is adjudged upon the whole ; that 
there is a balance in the hands of the said Nicholas of Thirty Pounds, to be 
paid to the guardians of the minor orphans of the said Lawrence for the use of 
the said orphans, (after proper allowance made for all charges and expenses,) 
and that if he does not see fit to continue on the plantation of the deceased, at 
such rent as he and the guardians aforesaid can agree, he shall immediately after 
harvest, remove off the plantation, and in the mean time, suffer any tenant who 
may rent the same to proceed to put in a fall crop where he has begun to fallow." I 

Johann Nicholas Reisinger and his wife Eva probably decided to remain on 
this plantation of which Killian Schmahl had become possessed in 1760, and from 
whom they purchased it in 1761. Here they continued to live until 1774, when 
they sold the property to John Eby, miller, for £500. and removed to Manchester 
Township, near York. 

Johann Nicholas Reisinger came from Germany in October, 1749. He died 



Orphans' Court Docket A, p. 118. t Ibid., p. 31, J Ibid., p. 34. 



(Bfcncalogtcal HccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

in Manchester, and letters of administration on his estate were granted, October 
22, 1784, to his son Peter (by a former marriage) and to KiUian Schmahl. 
There were no children by Reisinger's marriage with the widow Schmahl. 

Eva, widow of Johann Nicholas Reisinger, died in Yorktown, York County, 
Pennsylvania, in 1787, aged seventy-nine years, and was buried in the graveyard 
of the German Reformed Church. Letters of administration on her estate were 
granted April 11, 1787, to her son Killian Schmahl. 

Children of Lorentz and Eva Schmahl : * 

19. Johann Adam Schmahl', baptized February 20, 1729. 

20. Eva Schmahl', baptized September 16, 1731; married Johann Peter Reisinger. 

21. Killian Schmahl', baptized October 7, 1735; married Eva Welscliance. 

22. Lorentz Schmahl', born January 18, 1739; died young. 

23. Anna Maria Magdalena Schmahl', born November 24, 1741; died 1822; mar- 

ried Martin Frey, Jr. 

24. Jacob Schmahl', born 1746; died September 2y, 1794; married Barbara . 

25. Johannes Schmahl', born August 9, 1747; died August 9, 1819; married Anna 

Catharine . 

26. Lorentz Schmahl', born 1749; died February 23, 1832; married Barbara . 

fift]^ dScncratiou 

19. Johann Adam Schmahl* (Lorentz'', Lorentz^, Lorentz'), born at 
Essenheim, Germany; baptized February 20, 1729; accompanied his parents to 
America, but evidently succumbed to the hardships of the new country, for we 
find, in 1749, that Killian is represented as the eldest son and heir-at-law of 
Lorentz Schmahl. 

20. Eva SchmahP ( Lorentz', Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born at Essenheim, 
Germany; baptized September 16, 1731 ; sponsor, Eva, daughter of Achen 
Schmahl: married, before 1755, Johann Peter Reisinger, son of her step-father, 
Johann Nicholas Reisinger. 

They settled on the plantation in Windsor Township, which they owned, 
and there resided many years. 

The will of Johann Peter Reisinger, "yeoman," dated May 24, 1798, and 
proved October 23, 1801, leaves to his widow two hundred pounds, and bequeaths 
to his son John five pounds more than to his other children, as the portion of an 
eldest son. 

Children of Johann Peter and Eva Reisinger: 

27. John Reisinger\ 

28. Peter Raisinger'. 

29. Jacob Reisinger'. 

30. Henry Reisinger'. 



■ The three younger children were born in America. 
10 



(Genealogical ^SccorDss of d^covgc ^mall 

31. Peter Reisinger (2d)°. 

32. A daughter', married Fritz. 

33. A daughter', married Spangler. 

34. A daughter', married Laumaster. 

21. Killian Schmahl' (Lorentz^, Lorentz^, Lorentz'), born at Essen- 
heim, Germany; baptized October 7, 1735; sponsor, Killian Schwartz; died 
September 28, 1815, at York, Pennsylvania; married, 1758, Eva Welschance, of 
Windsor Township, who died December 5, 1805, aged seventy-one years, five 
months, and eight days. 

Killian Schmahl was but eight years of age on coming to this coimtry with 
his parents. He appears to have received a good education, probably from a 
minister who at one time and another taught school in the neighborhood. 

At a session of the Orphans' Court held in York, on September 14, 1757, 
there " Came into Court Killyan Small, eldest son and heir at law of Lawrence 
Small, late of York Township, deceased, who died intestate, and by his petition 
set forth that his father died seized of an improvement and tract of land, situate 
in the township aforesaid, adjoining lands late of Joseph Boyer, deceased, John 
Herzzner and John Harnish ; leaving issue, the said Killyan and five other chil- 
dren and also a widow ; and that the said improvement cannot be divided amongst 
the legal representatives of the said Lawrence without prejudice to the whole, 
and praying the Court would be pleased to appoint some proper person to view 
and value the said improvement and tract of land to the said Killyan. The Court, 
on considering the premises, do appoint Conrad Holtzbaum, David Hunter, Henry 
Peter, Jacob Lanius and Yost Herbaugh, or any four of them, an inquest to view 
and value the improvement and tract of land aforesaid and make report of their 
proceedings to the next Orphans' Court." * 

At a session of the Orphans' Court held March 29, 1760: 

" Came into Court, Killyan Small, eldest son and heir at law of Lawrence 
Small, late of York Township, deceased, who died intestate and producing security 
for the payment of the purparts or shares of the intestate's widow and other 
children of the intestate's plantation and tract of land situate in York Township, 
according to the valuation of Jacob Lanius, Conrad Fry, Yost Herbaugh and 
Conrad Holtzbaum, inquest appointed by the Orphans' Court and praving to hold 
and enjoy the said improvement and tract of land according to the directions of 
the Act of Assembly. It appearing to the Court by the return of the said inquest 
that the valuation of the said improvement amounted to One Hundred and Ninety 
Pounds. It is thereupon decreed and ordered by the Court, that the said Killyan 
Small pay unto the said Nicholas Reisinger and Eva, his wife, late Eva Small, 
relict of said Lawrence Small, the annual sum of Three Pounds, Fourteen Shil- 
lings, during her life, being the interest of the one-third of the valuation money, 
and also the sum of Eighteen Pounds, One Shilling and Eleven Pence to John 
Reisinger and Eva, his wife, daughter of said intestate, in one year, and to Michael 



* Orphans' Court Docket A, p. 88, York, Pennsylvania. 
II 



CDicnealogical EccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

Swoope, guardian of Mary, John, Jacob and Lawrence Small, minor children of 
said intestate, the like sum of Eighteen Pounds, One Shilling and Eleven Pence 
for each in one year, and also, at the death of said intestate's relict to pay the 
further sum of Nine Pounds and Eleven Pence, half penny to each of the said 
intestate's children, their guardian or representatives ; and that the said Killyan 
Small, on making satisfaction to the other heirs, as is hereinbefore directed, to 
hold and enjoy the said improvements and tract of land, acquitted and discharged 
from any claims or demand of the relict, and other children of the said intestate 
held and enjoyed the same at the time of his death, according to the directions of 
the Act of Assembly in such case provided." * 

By deed of January 6, 1761, Killian Schmahl conveyed the above plantation 
to Johann Nicholas Reisinger for the amount of the appraisement, £190, and 
removed to York town. 

By deed dated February 17, 1761, Jacob Reif and wife conveyed to Killian 
Schmahl, of York town, York County, lot No. 42, in the same town, bounded on 
the north by High Street, on the south by a twenty-foot-wide alley, on the east 
by lot No. 41, on the west by lot No. 43, having a frontage of sixty-five feet on 
High Street, and a depth of two hundred and thirty feet. The price paid was 
£120. t 

For this lot he afterwards received a patent dated January 26, 1767. J 

On February 2, 1798, Killian Schmahl and his wife Eva sold to Jacob Small, 
carpenter, for £300, the western half of the above described lot. § 

By deed dated February 3, 1798, Jacob Small, of York City, York County, 
Pennsylvania, conveyed to Killian Schmahl, of the same place, for £5, the right of 
way over a strip of land three feet three inches wide and forty-one feet deep, 
bounded on the north by High Street, on the east by the eastern moiety, or half 
of lot No. 42, on the south by the western half of lot No. 42, and on the west 
by western half of lot No. 42. || 

In 1 761, on the eastern half of lot No. 42, Killian Schmahl built the house 
in which he resided until his death in 1815. This afterwards passed out of the 
possession of the family. It is at present owned by the Keesey and Heckert 
estates. 

In 1798 Killian Schmahl purchased of Jacob Diehl, for £1034, the eastern half 
of lot No. 44, which he sold again on March 17, 1809, to his son Peter for the 
sum of £1000. In 1824 this was sold by the executors of the estate of Peter 
Schmahl for three thousand two hundred and sixty dollars, to Samuel Myers. 
It was afterwards purchased by the county, and on it was built the York County 
Court-House. 

On the breaking out of the war of the Revolution, Killian Schmahl enlisted 



* Orphans' Court Docket A, p. 139, York, Pennsylvania. 

t Record Book A, p. 500, York, Pennsylvania. 

{ Patent Book 2 A, vol. ix. p. 17. 

J York County Deeds, Book 2 N, p. 501. 

!! Ibid., Book 2 T, p. 39. 

12 



(IBienealogical ISccorDjei of cKcorsc ^mall 

in the Second Company, Third Battalion, York County militia, which was organ- 
ized in 1775. Among the officers of this battalion, according to a return made 
April 5, 1778, were Daniel Jamison, colonel; Philip Albright, lieutenant-colonel; 
William Scott, major ; Godfrey Frey, captain of Second Company. The roll 
of the battalion is in the possession of E. W. Spangler, Esq., of York, Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Killian Schmahl for a number of years alternated the carpentry business with 
that of managing his farms, one of which was situated in what is now known 
as Freystown, a suburb of York. In the latter part of his life he gave up active 
business. He was a member of the German Reformed Church, and was tem- 
perate in all things, hard working, and careful in the management of his concerns, 
and is said to have lived a blameless life. 

Killian Schmahl is described by a contemporary as being tall and broad- 
shouldered, walking with a stoop in the later years of his life. From another 
source we learn that he was usually attired in a blue suit with bright buttons, 
a light vest, white stockings, and buckled shoes ; while his costume was completed 
by a three-cornered hat and white knobbed cane. For the last two years of his 
life he was so feeble as to require a constant attendant. 

He died in 181 5, and was buried in the graveyard of the German Reformed 
Church in York, by the side of his wife. About the year 1850 their remains and 
those of their son George were removed to Prospect Hill, where they were 
reinterred in the lot owned by Dr. Alexander Small. 

The incriptions on their tombstones are as follows : 

" Kil'n. Schmahl, " Hier Ruhen die 

Gestorben den 28 September Gebeine von 

1815. Alt 82 Jahr." Eva die Gattin 

des Killian 

Schmahl 

Welche Starb 

den 5ten Dec'r. 

1805. 

Jahres Altes 71 

Jahre, 5 Monat und 

8 Tage." 

WILL OF KILLL'VN SCHMAHL. 

" In the name of God, Amen. I, Killian Small, son of Lawrence, of the 
Borough of York, in the County of York, in the State of Pennsylvania, yeoman, 
being sick and weak in body but sound of mind, memory and understanding, 
blessed be God for the same, but considering the uncertainty of this transitory life, 
do make and publish this my last will and testament in manner and form following, 
to wit : Principally and first of all, I commend my immortal soul into the hands 
of God, who gave it, and my body to the earth, to be buried in a decent Chris- 
tian-like manner at the discretion of my executors hereinafter named, and as to 

13 



(Bcncalogical UccorDj3 of (lEfcorgc ^mall 

such worldly estate, wherewith it has pleased God to bless nie in this life, I give 
and dispose of the same in the following manner, to wit : First, I order and 
direct that all my just debts and funeral expenses be paid and satisfied by my 
executors. Secondly, it is my will that all my children which are indebted to 
me by bonds, notes or book accounts shall be charged therewith and the interest 
thereupon from the days and times as they stand charged. And as touching all 
the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, real and personal, of what kind or 
nature soever, the same may be, in the County of York aforesaid, or elsewhere, 
shall be sold at public vendue for the highest and best price that can be gotten. 
And the monies therefrom arising shall be equally divided to and amongst my 
seven children, share and share alike, (that is to say), Jacob Small, one-seventh 
share : Michael Small, one-seventh share ; John Small, one-seventh share ; George 
Small, one-seventh share ; Joseph Small, one-seventh share ; Peter Small, one- 
seventh share, and Henry Small, one-seventh share, (having due regard to make 
them all as equal as possibly may be), and to their heirs forever. Thirdly, I 
hereby authorize and empower my executors hereinafter named to execute a deed 
or deeds of conveyance or conveyances to the purchasers of my real estate in as 
full and ample a manner as I myself might or could do. And lastly, I nominate, 
constitute and appoint my said two sons, Jacob Small and John Small, to be 
my executors of this my last will and testament, hereby revoking all other wills, 
legacies and bequests by me heretofore made and declaring this, and no other to 
be my last will and testament. 

" In WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this seven- 
teenth day of September, in the Year of our Lord, One Thousand, Eight Hundred 
and Seven. 

(Signed) " Killian Sm.-kll." 

Witnesses: John Stroman, Sr., Frederick Bouge, and Ign. Leitner. 

The will was probated October lo, 1815.* 



INVENTORY. 

" A true and perfect inventory and conscionable appraisement of all and 
singular goods and chattels, rights and credits which were of Killian Small, late 
of York County, deceased, at the time of his death, to wit : — 

Bond of Henry Neaff and John Small $466.00 

Bond of Michael Welsh and God'l Zicgle 303.75 

Bond of Henry Shoe 147-33 

Bond of Householder & Ziegle 33I-50 

Note John Small 365.17 

Note Henry .Small 129.20 

Note Peter Small 1172.00 

Note Jacob Small 1078.79 



* Will Book N, p. 200, York, Pennsylvania. 
14 



(Kcncalogtcal 13ccorD?i of CEfeotgc ^mall 

Note George Small $1040.87 

Note Joseph Small 796.28 

Note Michael Srr.all 549-33 

Bond of John Brubaker and God'l Ziegle 294.66 

Bond of Jacob Diehl 585.93 

Bond of George Diehl 273.00 

Note of Martin Frey 18.95 

One Bed and Bed-stead 25.00 

Small Bed 4.00 

Chest and Bed Clothes 5.00 

Looking Glass and Hand Bellows i.oo 

One Candle Stick .25 

Four Chairs 2.00 

Stove and Pipe 10.00 

Books 5.00 

Desk and Book Case 10.00 

Total $7615.01 

" Taken and appraised the 5th day of December, 1815, by George Spangler 
and D. Heckert." 

The small amount of household furniture in the inventory is due to the 
fact that after the death of his wife Killian Small made distribution of the con- 
tents of his house among his children, reserving only enough to furnish two 
rooms, in which he lived, while he took his meals with either his son Peter or 
son George. 

Children of Killian and Eva Schmahl : * 

35. Jacob SchmahP, born October 14, 1759; died January 4, 1817; married Catha- 

rine Elizabeth Welsh. 

36. Johannes Schmahr, born November i, 1762; died December 12, 181 1; married 

Phillipena ■ . 

37. George SchmahP, born April 28, 1767; died September 4, 1838; married Anna 

Maria Albright. 

38. Michael Schmahl^ born December 16, 1769; married . 

39. Joseph Schmahr, born February 23, 1772; died September 8, 1855: married 

(i) Elizabeth Etter; (2) Elizabeth Krone. 

40. Peter Schmahl', born 1774; died April 29, 1823; married (i) Anna Maria 

Spangler; (2) Lucinda . 

41. Heinrich SchmahP, born December 15, 1777; died May 7, 1849; married Mary 

Ebert. 

22. Lorentz Schmahl* (Lorentz^ Lorentz", Lorentz^), born at Essen- 
heim, Germany, January 18, 1739: baptized the 25th of the same month; sponsor, 



• All baptized in the German Reformed Church in York, by Rev. Philip Otterbein. 

IS 



(Bcncalogtcal iSccotDis of ©corgc ^mall 

Lorentz Uber Miller, in Niedcrhilbersheim ; died shortly after his arrival in 
America. 

23. Anna Maria Magdalena SchmahP (Lorentz^, Lorentz-, LorentzM, 
born at Essenheim, Germany, November 24, 1741 ; baptized the 26th of the same 
month; witness, Magdalena, wife of Johann Adam Miller; died 1822; married 
Martin, son of Martin Frey. They resided at first in Windsor Township, near 
Freysville, and afterwards in York town. 

The will of Martin Frey was proved August 17, 1780. By her will, dated 
May 6, 1822, Anna Maria Frey bequeathed her estate to her youngest daughter 
Elizabeth. 

Children of Martin and Anna Maria Frey: 

42. Anna Maria Frey'. 

43. Margaret Frey\ 

44. Martin Frey". 

45. Elizabeth Frey'. 

24. Jacob Schmahl* (Lorentz\ Lorentz-, LorentzM, born 1746; died 
September 2y, 1794, at Baltimore, Maryland; married Barbara — — , born 1753; 
died September 29, 1794. Jacob Small is buried in old St. Paul's Graveyard, 
German and Fremont Streets, Baltimore. Maryland. 

Children of Jacob and Barbara Small : 

46. Jacob SmalF,* married (i) Ann Fleetwood; (2) Caroline E. 

47. Catherine SmalP. 

48. George Smair. 

49. John Small', died in infancy. 



•Jacob Sm.iII, Jr., born December 28, 1772, married (i) Ann Fleetwood; (2) Caroline E. . 

He was a noted architect and builder. Barnum's Hotel in Baltimore and many other celebrated 
buildings in that city were erected by him. He also planned and built the Colonnade Hotel in 
Charleston, South Carolina, said to have been one of the finest buildini;s in design in the United States. 
He was mayor of Baltimore City from 1823 to 1826. He was called " Haroun-al-Raschid," as he had 
the habit of patrolling the city both day and night, watching the municipal officers and night watch- 
men, and dealing very summarily with those who neglected their duty. 

He w^as a very enthusiastic Freemason, and was said to have been the first person to have intro- 
duced the Masonic Council degrees in this country. He was a conspicuous character in Baltimore for 
many years. 

The family Bible of J.icob Small, Jr., contains this inscription : 

"It is my wish and desire that these two volumes of this Bible Remain in My Family to be 
Handed Down and Preserved by my Eldest Son, John Small and after his death to my son William and 
so to continue to the end of Time, or as long as Any of my Family shall be in Existence, the Persons 
of the name of Small, of the Male Kind, I Hereby Enjoin to take charge of the aforesaid Books, as the 
most \'alu.ible Legacy I can Possibly leave Behind me. 

" Signed by me, 

"Jacob Small. 
" Baltimore, June 21st, r?oi." 

The ne.ft leaf has been extracted from the Bible. The remaining records, which are still pre- 
served, are : 

16 



(Kencalogtcal HecorDsJ of d^eorgc ^mall 

25. Johannes Schmahl'' (Lorentz^, Lorentz", Lorentz'), born August 9, 
1747; died August 9, 1819; * married Anna Catharine , a native of Switzer- 
land. After their marriage this couple settled on the Allegheny River, in Alle- 
gheny County, Pennsylvania, where they remained until about the year 1800. 
Hearing that his kinsmen, the Reisingers, were preparing to move west, John 
Schmahl and his friend Richard Walton, with their families, started on a raft 
or flat-boat for Beaver County, Pennsylvania. Schmahl secured a plantation in 
Brighton Township, near the town of Beaver. In 1804 he was joined by Peter 
Reisinger, who settled on a neighboring plantation. 

The following account of John Schmahl is given by a grandson f of Peter 
Reisinger : 



" Jacob Small Sr. Departed this life on September 27, 1794, aged 48 years. 

" Barbara, the wife of Jacob Small Sr. departed this life September 29, 1794, aged 41 years. 

"Jacob Small Jr. was born Dec. 28, 1772. 

" C.itherine Small was born Oct. 17, 1776. 

" George Small was born June 21, 1791. 

" John Small was born June 21, 1791, and departed this life June 30, 1791, aged 9 days. 

" Ann Small, wife of Jacob Small Jr. was born Aug. 29, 1773. 

" Sarah Fleetwood, sister to Ann Small was born Feby. 14, 1777, and died Oct. 7, 1827. 

" George Small departed this life Aug. 18, 1809, aged ]8 years, i month, iS days, after 3 days illness. 

"John Small departed this life Feb. 27, 1824, in the 28th year of his age. 

"Ann (Fleetwood) Small, wife of Jacob Small Jr., departed this life in [her] 52d year, on Wed 

nesday Oct. 20, 1824. 
"On Dec. 11, 1794, Jacob Small Jr. and Ann (Fleetwood) Small were joined together by Rev. 

Joseph G. I. Bend, in the Holy Bonds of Matrimony and on the 21st day of June, 1796, were 

blessed with a son and his name was called John. 
" On Feb. 20, 179S, had another son born and his name was called William. 
" And on May 2, 1800, had another son born, and his name was called Samuel, who departed this 

life, June 5, 1800, aged i month and 3 days. 
"And on Dec. 5, 1801, had a daughter born and her name was called Amelia [Mrs. Pamphillon, 

wife of William Pamphillon]. 
" Jan. 9, 1S05, had a daughter born, and her name was called Ann Maria. 
" Jan. 20, 1807, had a daughter born and her name was called Julia Ann. 

" Dec. 8, 1S09, had a daughter born, and her name was called Caroline [Mrs. William Hanna]. 
"Oct. II, 1811, had a son born, and his name was called George Clinton; he departed this life 

Dec. 26, 181 1, aged 2 months and 16 days. 
" On Oct. 4, 1S13, had a daughter born, and her name was called Lucinda ; she departed this life 

on April 22, 1814, aged 6 months and 16 days. 
" Ann Maria died Dec. 15, 1823, aged 17 years, 11 months. 

" Departed this life on Wednesday May 16, 1832, William F. Small, Architect, of Baltimore, Mary- 
land, in the 34th year of his age, (son of Jacob Jr. and Ann Fleetwood Small)." 

William F. Small married Agnes Robinson, and had one daughter named Ann Amelia, who 
married Jacob Stair and settled in York, Pa. They had four children. William F .Small was a 
celebrated sculptor and architect. He was a student of Capellano, a celebrated Italian sculptor 
and architect who was brought to this country by the Government to superintend the extension of the 
National Capitol at Washington, D. C. William F. Small is said to have designed the figure of Vic- 
tory surmounting the Battle Monument at Baltimore, Md., which monument was erected by Capellano. 

He was also said to have designed the colossal busts of Franklin and Clay, which were erected 
on either side of the Gay street entrance of the Old Custom House in Baltimore. (From informa- 
tion supplied by Charles F. Hanna.) 

* Date of death from tombstone at Beaver, Pennsylvania. 

t Joseph Reisinger, of Franklin, Pennsylvania. 
2 17 



(Genealogical BecorD0 of d^corgc ^mall 

" John Small, tavern-keeper and distiller, was a man of high standing. My 
uncle Joseph Reisinger, who was about fourteen years of age when the family 
came to Beaver County, has told me that John Small was by trade a gunsmith, 
and during the Revolutionary War served in the army as an armorer. John Small 
was a man of strong native talent and high integrity. He was my father's monitor, 
and his advice made an impression upon him as a boy which lasted through life. 
He was always known as ' Boston Small.' He took a great interest in boys and 
young men, and had such a fund of humor and wisdom that he was looked up 
to by them as an oracle. Even in my father's old age (he was killed at the age 
of eighty-four by the accidental discharge of a gun), when he spoke of ' Boston 
Small' his eyes would brighten and his whole manner show the reverence and 
affection in which he held his old friend." 

After the death of her husband, Anna Catharine Schmahl removed to Ohio 
and lived for the rest of her life with her daughter Mary, wife of Jacob Grove. 
The plantations owned by John Schmahl still (1904) remain in the possession 
of the family. 



Children of John antl Anna Catharine Schmahl : 

50. Jacob Schmahl". 

51. Sebastian Schmahl'. 

52. Frederick Schmahl'. 

53. John Schmahr. 

54. Henry Schmahl'. 

55. Peter SchmahP. 

56. Catharine SchmahF. 

57. Elizabeth Schmahl'. 

58. Mary Schmahl'. 



26. Lorentz Schmahl* (Lorentz\ Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born 1749; died 

I-'ebruary 2^,. 1832: married Barbara , who died October 19, 1838, aged 

eighty-nine years, seven months, and nine days. Both were buried in the grave- 
yard of the German Reformed Church, and were afterwards removed to Prospect 
Hill. Their tombstones were mislaid, and the place of their reinterment is 
unmarked and unknown. 

Lorentz Schmahl lived for many years on South Beaver Street, York, Penn- 
sylvania. 

He was a member of Captain Eichelberger's company of York County 
militia, which was organized December 27, 1776, as appears by the original roll 
now in possession of E. W. Spangler, Esq., of York, Pennsylvania, on which he 
is marked absent. 

He was for many years deacon in the German Reformed Church, in which 
connection is given the following copy of a document placed in the corner-stone 
of the church at the time of its rebuilding, in 1799: 

" To all to whom these presents may come, be it known that the Evangelical 

18 



(Benealogtcal iSccorDiei of (©eorge ^mall 



Reformed Congregation, in the town of York, York County, Penn'a., under the 
leadership of Daniel Wagner, and the following Elders and Deacons : 

Elders. Deacons. 

Peter Hoke, Michael Welsh, 

Abraham Danner, Killian Tubinger, 

Frederick Rommel, Lorentz Schmahl, 

John Ernst, John Wolf, 

John Schmahl, John Laucks, 

Jacob Bittner. Isaac Gortman. 

" In the year 1797, on the 5th day of July, the Church, organ and bell were 
destroyed by fire, and upon mutual agreement among the members it was decided 
to erect a church on the same spot of ground where the old church, destroyed by 
fire, stood. 

" The building is to be erected in the name of the Triune God, and for the 
upbuilding of his Kingdom amongst ourselves, and the following generations 
through the preaching of the Divine word, and the distribution of the Holy 
Sacraments in accordance with the doctrine of the Heidelberg Catechism. 

" To this end the congregation gathered themselves together and laid the 
corner stone on the 19th day of June, 1798, with this purpose in view, of carrying 
out the above conclusion with reference to the erection of a church ; the High 
German Evangelical Reformed Church, now and always shall serve, with the 
prayer that the Lord of Heaven and earth may protect this building, and that 
all people gathering within its walls may glorify God and receive His richest 
blessing." 

A description left by a contemporary pictures Lorentz Schmahl as tall, 
slender, and round shouldered, with light hair and a ruddy complexion. On 
Sundays he appeared in a long-tailed brown coat, with black cuffs and collar, a 
silk stock, and high black hat. 

The York Gazette notes that " his death was much regretted by the com- 
munity at large." 

Children of Lorentz and Barbara Schmahl : 

59. Jacob Schmahr. 

60. Barbara Schmahl'. 

61. John Schmahr. 

62. Martha Elizabeth Schmahl'. 

63. Daniel Schmahr. 

64. Joseph Schmahl'. 

65. Sarah Schmahl'. 

66. Catharine Doll Schmahl'. 

67. Samuel Schmahl', died young. 



19 



(BenealoQtcal EecotD0 of (Beorgc ^mall 



^ivtl) (feneration 

35. Jacob SchmahP ( Killian^ Lorcntz^ Lorentz=, Lorentz'), born Octo- 
ber 14, 1759: baptized in the German Reformed Church at York, October 23, 
1759, Mr. Welshoffer being the witness; died January 4, 1817; married, Febru- 
ary 21, 1786, by Rev. Philip Otterbein, to Catharine EHzabeth Welsli, who died 
November 12, 1842, aged about seventy-four years,* and was probably buried by 
the side of her husband at Green Hill Cemetery, Spring Garden Township. 

Jacob Small, under the instruction of his father, learned carpentry, and. 
being endowed with much ability, was very successful in business. The building 
of the steeple of the German Reformed Church was intrusted to him and his 
brother Henry, in 1799 or 1800. 

On his plantation, two miles from York, on the York and Peachbottom Ferry 
road, where he lived for many years, he was actively engaged in milling and in 
the operation of a distillery. 

From 1804 to 1808 he was a director of the poor,t but otherwise took small 
part in public affairs. 

Jacob Small was regarded at the time of his death as " a valuable citizen, a 
good neighbor, and an honest upright man." J He died intestate, and letters of 
administration on his estate were granted January 24, 1817, to John Small, Jacob 
Small, and Peter Small. § 

INVENTORY OF THE EST.\TE OF JACOB SMALL, SR., OF YORK TOWNSHIP. 

" A true and perfect Inventory and Appraisement of all and singular the 
goods and chattels, rights and credits which were of Jacob Small, at the time of 
his death. 
Distillery $160.00 

3 Hogsheads and 3 barrels 8.00 

I Cradle 2.00 

Pair of bellows anfl sundry black-smith articles 30.00 

I old Chest .75 

1 Looking Glass .50 

2 Bedsteads and bedding 20.00 

I Stove 18.00 

4 Sets of Bells 8.00 

10 Bags 8.00 

I Chest .75 

50 Bushels of Rye, at $1.25 per bushel 62.50 

20 Bushels of Wheat, at $2.50 per bushel 50.00 

30 Bushels of Rye, at $1.25 per bushel 37-50 



" York Gazette. t Ibid." 

t Ibid. ? Bond Book 2 E, p. 404. 

20 



(IBiencalogical JSccorDjs of (George ^mall 

I Lot of carpenter tools $3-00 

1 Lot augers 3.50 

2 Cross-cut saws 2.50 

3 Hatchets 1.50 

I Lot of Old Iron 2.50 

Maul and wedges i .50 

3 Axes 3.CX) 

I Jack Screw 3.00 

I Lot of chains 4.00 

6 Rakes i.oo 

1 Lot of Dung and Hay Forks 2.50 

2 Grind stones and 1 Sledge 7.00 

2 Grubbing Hoes and 3 Shovels 3.00 

2 Wagons 100.00 

I Lot of Joists 1 2.00 

Saw Logs and Hauck 18.00 

I Horse Block 100.00 

I Horse Draggon 40.00 

I Horse Ned 120.00 

I Horse, 2 years old 40.00 

I Horse, 3 years old 50.00 

4 Cows, at $18.00 per Cow 72.00 

I Bull 10.00 

6 Heifers at $6.66 per Heifer 40.00 

Sow and Pigs 8.00 

I Wind Mill and Cutting Bench 17.00 

Horse Gears 16.00 

Cow Chains and Sundry 4.00 

Wagon Cloth 5.00 

I Plow and Harrow 5.00 

Apple Mill and trough 8.00 

I Sled and Old Tub 2.00 

1 Copper Kettle 1500 

Lot of Tubs 1 5.00 

3 Choppers 3.00 

Basket and Sundries 4.00 

2 Steelyards 3.00 

I Brass and Iron Kettle 3.00 

I Cutting Bench 2.00 

I Ten plate Stove and Pipe 20.00 

I Clock 70.00 

I Desk and Book Case 25.00 

Looking Glass 3.00 

10 Pictures 3.00 

21 



(15encal08ical EecorDis of dE-corgc ^mall 

I Corner Cupboard $16.00 

Lot of Books of different authors 8.00 

I Diamond 4.00 

I Lot of Crockery-ware i5-00 

I Walnut Breakfast Table 3.00 

I Dozen Silver Tea-spoons 8.00 

I Dressing Table 3.00 

25 Chairs 25.00 

y2 Dozen New Chairs 9.00 

I Breakfast Table 5.00 

I Looking Glass with a Gilt Frame 10.00 

I Pair Fire Hounds 5.00 

I Desk 12.00 

Carpet 10.00 

Waiters and Tin Bread Baskets 3.00 

I Bed and Bedsteads, double 20.00 

I Bed and Bedsteads, single 10.00 

10 Plate Stove and Pipe 900 

61 Yards of Carpet 4300 

I Lot of Tinware, Baskets, etc 8.00 

1 Copper Kettle 8.00 

3 Brass Kettles and 3 Brass Candle Sticks 1500 

2 Copper Kettles 500 

I Lot of Iron Pots 5.00 

5 ColTee Mills 5-00 

I Ten Plate Stove and Pipe 20.00 

I Lot Pewter Plates, etc lo.oo 

I Kitchen Cupboard 8.00 

I Kitchen Cupboard 4-00 

4 Frying Pans and Iron Ladles, etc 6.00 

Crockery-ware S-OO 

1 Kitchen Table and i Dining Table 6.00 

2 Kitchen Benches i 00 

2 Stone Jugs 2.00 

3 Pot Hooks 400 

Pair of Fire Tongs and Shovel 2.00 

6 Pots of Hog's Lard 8.00 

800 lbs. of Pork 60.00 

Hay ladders, etc 3-00 

I Curtain-Bed and Bedstead, etc 50.00 

1 Common Bed and Bedstead, etc 30.00 

2 Chests 500 

I Case of Drawers 6.00 

Flax 500 

22 



©cncalogical iSccorDiS of (Bicorgc ^mall 

Saddle Bags $3-00 

6 Bread Baskets and Sundry Articles 5.00 

I Saddle, Bridle and Clothes lines 5.00 

Lot of Carpenter Tools 6.00 

I Demijohn i.oo 

3 Pairs of Scales 3.00 

Lot of Spinning and cotton Wheels 8.00 

I Lot of Sickles 3.00 

Corn 7500 

26 Pots of Apple Butter 26.00 

I Pine Kitchen Table i .50 

60 Bushels of Clover Seed at $10. per Bushel 600.00 

I Camp Curtain Bed and Bedstead 40.00 

I Common Bed and Bedstead 30.00 

I Bureau 10.00 

I Dressing Table and Tea Boards 3.00 

I Chest 3.50 

1 Common Bed and Bedstead 3500 

2 Common Beds and Bedsteads 70.00 

1 Common Bed and Bedstead 20.00 

2 Tables 3.00 

I Walnut Bureau 10.00 

Table Cloths and Sundry Articles 25.00 

Table Cloths and Sundry Articles 18.00 

1 Single Bed and Bedstead 10.00 

9 Acres of Grain in the Ground 90.00 

Hay 1 500 

1 Wheel barrow 2.00 

7 Barrels and i Pipe of Vinegar 20.00 

Lot of Old Barrels 3.00 

Screw Tools 2.00 

Flat Irons 3.00 

Bonds due Peter Small at all [et al?] with interest due from the first 

day of April, a.d., 1815 28.57 

5 notes due from Joseph Small 1 13-55 

Bond due from Nicholas Diehl with interest from the first day of De- 
cember, 1815 13500 

Cash 70.00 

Linen Shirts, Clothes, etc 100.00 

Balance on due from Christian Landis 18.00 

20 Cords of Wood at $1 .75 per cord 3500 

Total $3429.62 

23 



ca-cncalogtcal iSccorDjs of cEfcorgc ^mall 

[Endorsed :] 

" January 24, 1817. 

Inventory of the 

Estate of Jacob Small, 

Deceased, Amounting to 

$3429.62 

1817." 

The administrators of Jacob Small, deceased, of York Township, offered his 
personal property at public sale February 6, 1817,* followed on March 20, 1817, 
by the sale of a complete distillery and personal property at the dwelling on the 
plantation in York Township. f 

Next appears the following notice, October 30. 1817: 

"John, Jacob and Lydia Small, heirs, and representatives of Jacob Small, 
deceased, offer for sale a valuable mill and plantation, late the property of Jacob 
Small, deceased, situate in York Township, on the road leading to Peach Bottom 
Ferry, within two miles of the Borough of York. The mill property consists of 
a grist mill, clover mill, saw and plaster mills. The plantation consists of about 
84 acres of good land, a large two story brick house, large switzer barn, still 
house, a good well of water, besides a running stream conveyed by pipes, orchard 
and other improvements. Also a plantation of 92 acres adjacent to above." ^ 

Children of Jacob and Catharine Elizabeth Schmahl : 

68. Jacob Schmahl'. 

69. John Schmahr. 

70. Lydia Schamhl'. 

36. Johannes SchmahP (Killian*, Lorentz^, Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born 
November i, 1762; baptized on the 21st of the same month in the German Re- 
formed Church, at York; witness, Johannes Schmahl; died December 12, 181 1; 

married Phillipena . According to the York Gazette, Phillipena Small died 

on April 25, 1838, aged seventy-three years, nine months, and twenty-three days. 
Her tombstone at Prospect Hill erroneously gives the date of her death as April 2y, 
and her age as seventy-two years. 

John Small, following the custom of the family, began business as a car- 
penter, but for many years operated a coach factory on North George Street, 
where the Press building now stands. 

He was a prominent member of the Reformed Church, in which he served 
for some years as an elder. 

Having been successful in business, he died possessed of considerable 
property. The York Record noted his death as follows : 



* York Gazette. t Ibid. J Ibid 

24 



(KencaloQical iSccorDjj of d^corgc ^mall 

"Died on Thursday, December 12, 181 1, in this borough, Mr. John Small, 
coachmaker. 

" In his death his family lost an excellent parent and the community a useful 
member, but while the feeling of affection claims the tribute due to the memory 
of a parent and friend, a bereaved family has cause for consolation, that he has 
bequeathed to them an example of the greatest usefulness as a citizen, and of 
the purest integrity." 

Letters testamentary on the estate of John Small were granted December 21, 
181 1, to John Small and Jacob Small.* 

Children of John and Phillipena Small : 

71. Joseph Smair. 

72. Elizabeth Small°. 

73. Catharine Small'. 

74. Anna Maria Small". 

75. Enos Smair. 

76. William Small". 

37. George SchmahP (Killian\ Lorentz^ Lorentz^ Lorentz*), born 
April 28, 1767; baptized the following 9th of June, as John George Schmahl, by 
Rev. Philip Otterbein ; witnesses, Jacob Welshoffer and Mrs. Otterbein, wife of 
the officiating clergyman; died September 4, 1838; married, November 24, 1792, 
Anna Maria Albright, born 1766; died January 20, 1840; daughter of Philip and 
Anna Maria Albright. 

George Small was educated in the school attached to the German Reformed 
Church of York. When about seventeen years of age he began business with his 
father, with whom he continued until the attainment of his majority. Then, with 
some financial assistance from his parents, he established a cabinet-making busi- 
ness, in connection with which, after a few years, he opened a lumber-yard on 
North George Street. The firm of George Small & Co. had considerable success 
in bridge- and house-building. 

That he was an architect of no small ability is evidenced by a number of 
buildings designed and built by him, among which may be mentioned the Alms- 
house, the Globe Tavern, and the German Lutheran Church. In the latter the old 
spiral pulpit and panelled galleries, with the other woodwork, all of which have 
unfortunately been superseded by a modern and less interesting finishing, were 
doutbless constructed in the shop of George Small. The steeple of this building, 
which in architectural beauty is second only to that of the German Reformed 
Church, gives proof of his skill. 

In 1816 George Small organized the York Water Company, with the follow- 
ing Board of Directors : John Barnitz, George Spangler, Martin Danner, Abra- 
ham Gartman, John Demuth, Peter Schmahl, Christian Lanius, George Small, 
and David Cassat. He continued^a member of the Board until the time of his 



* Will Book M, p. 358, York. 
25 



(I5cneal08ical BccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

death. The company now has a capital of $1,500,000, and a plant with reser- 
voirs of sufficient capacity to supply one hundred thousand people. 

" The Codorus Navigation Company was also an ornament of the genius of 
George Small." * The York Gazette gives the following account of this cor- 
poration : 

" CODORUS NAVIGATION. 

" Books for subscription for the stock were opened on Monday the 25th of 
May, 1829, from 10 o'clock to 4 o'clock p.m., at the Court-House, also at the 
store of George Small and Son, Treas., Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Satur- 
day at the same hours. The Stock was divided into 1200 shares at par value 
of $50 per share. Five dollars were required to be paid on each share at the 
time of subscription. 

•' NAMES OF COMMISSIONERS. 

" Jacob Spangler, Jonathan Jessop, Daniel D. Dunn, George Small, John 
Barnitz, Jacob Eichelberger, Clement Stillinger, John Demuth, George Laucks, 
Michael Doudel, Charles A. Morris, John Mayer. 

" The books were duly opened, and in one day two hundred and forty shares 
were taken. By the first of September a sufficient number of shares had been 
taken to insure a charter. Bids for construction were received, and contract 
awarded September, 1830, to Messrs. George Wasson, Henry Chalres, Solomon 
Ruthrauff and Christian Hildebrand for $47,350. Work was completed after 
several years. 

" The Codorus Creek has been rendered navigable for arks, rafts, etc., from 
its mouth to the Borough of York, a distance of about ten miles. This improve- 
ment was completed in 1833, and is the property of a chartered association called 
the ' Codorus Navigation Company.' 

" This Navigation will no doubt tend very much to the advantage and pros- 
perity of the Borough of York, affording a cheap and safe passage for lumber, 
coal, etc., from the Susquehanna to the Borough. 

" In the Spring of the present year immense quantities of lumber and coal, 
and several large arks of grain were brought to the Borough of York through 
this new medium, and, so far as an opportunity has been had to test the utility 
of the work, it has more than fulfilled the expectations of its most sanguine 
friends." f 

This Company went into liquitlation shortly after the advent of the railroad. 

George Small was an incorporator and director in the York and Baltimore 
Turnpike Company, the York Haven and Harrisburg Bridge Turnpike Company, 
and the York and Gettysburg Turnpike Company. (Newspaper Files.) 

He was the first named of the Commissioners appointed to incorporate the 
York and Maryland Line Railroad Company, at the present time a part of the 
main system of the Northern Central. (Newspaper Files.) 



* Rupp's History of York County. 
t Glossbrenner's History of York County. 
26 



dDienealogical BccorDiS of d^corgc ^mall 

The following letter is of interest in this connection : 

" George Winchester, Esq., 

" Baltimore, Maryland : 

'■ Sir, — Yours of the i6th inst. proposing several questions relative to the 
Rail Road and C. is now before me. Previous to the reception of your letter I 
had given the subject little consideration ; and not having had much time since, 
the information I will be able to give will be very unsatisfactory. Your first 
question relates to the number of towns which could probably be brought to a 
depot at the Mary S. line from York, Cumberland & Franklin. Heretofore little 
or none of the produce of Franklin has passed through this place to the Balto. 
market. Cumberland and Perry have sent a good deal. Though since the Union 
Canal has been in operation a diversion has taken place, and a good many farmers 
have disposed of their produce at Middleton, Columbia & C. Even some of the 
farmers of our County have sold at the last mentioned places ; but if facilities of 
transportation were offered all this trade would undoubtedly return to its former 
channel ; and an increase could with certainty be calculated on. I have inquired 
of the lady that keeps the first Gate and she informs that they take in about $1500. 
annually, though they only receive half toll. When trade is brisk they have 
counted 50 wagons some days — these are principally from our immediate neigh- 
borhood, a few from the upper part of the County. Many wagons get upon the 
turnpike below this Gate. From this data the Board could perhaps form a more 
correct estimate than myself. I would suppose that not less than 10,000 tons are 
taken from this neighborhood to Balto. 

" Second question as to the price of transportation from Columbia or Y. 
Haven to the line say 28 miles. The present price to Balto. from York is between 
$6 and $7. 28 miles would be little more than half the distance and the price 
might be put down at about $3.50 or $6 per ton. 

" The third question as to the number of tons of goods actually brought or 
which would be brought in the event of a Rail Road line. To this I would 
answer that the quantity of goods of every kind wanted for the immediate con- 
sumption of the population trading to Balto. on the Turnpike road is very great, 
and must make up many tons. But in the event of a Rail Road the quantity 
transported will be much increased, particularly if houses could be established 
in York for the purchase of Produce and the supplying of return goods. In the 
latter event it is probable that all the trade from the neighborhood of Hanover, 
Abbottstown, Berlin and as far west as Gettysburg — so likewise from some parts 
of Franklin, Cumberland & Perry would find its way to Balto. by means of the 
Rail Road. Taking these things into consideration it is highly probable that your 
estimate of 75000 tons descending and 30000 ascending trade is not too large. 

" As to the probability of a charter for a Road to the line, in any event, 
you will probably be as well able to judge as myself, having yourself ascertained 
the sentiments of our Legislature on this subject. At present it is doubtful 
whether we could obtain anything which would divert the trade from Phila. A 

2!7 



(Genealogical UecorDjs of cB^eorge ^mall 

private road is much talked of here and the ground it is supposed, could be 
easily obtained from the line to York. From this to Y. Haven, it is supposed 
greater difficulties would be met with, owing to some of the farmers whose farms 
lie on the route the road would take. But this difficulty might be overcome by 
rendering the Codorus navigable. The Legislature this winter received a law 
for this purpose. Perhaps this would answer if we cannot do better — and if 
we could obtain the privilege of making a short cross cut of 2 or 3 miles and 
thus unite the York Haven Canal with the Codorus it would be still more advan- 
tageous. 

" The above I know is very imperfect and will not afford much information. 
I expect to be in Balto. soon, when I shall talk more fully to you on the subject. 

" Yours 

" Respectfully, 

" George Small. 

"York, April 22, 1829." 

From 1794 until 1809 George Small resided on the west side of North George 
Street, half a block from Centre Square, and from 1809 until his death on the 
northeast corner of Centre Square. It may be of interest to note here some of 
the town property owned by him. 

On June 4, 1794, he purchased from John Schall, for £109, the lot where for 
a number of years was his residence.* 

On June 15, 1789, from John Grier, for sixty-five dollars, lot No. 17. 

On May 8, 1802, from the same, for f 120, lot No. i8.-|- Lots 17 and 18 were 
bounded on the west by South Duke Street ; on the east by a twenty-foot alley ; 
on the south by lot owned by Nathaniel Leitner ; and on the north by Philadelphia 
Street. This property remained in the family for nearly one hundred years. 

On March 31, 1804, was purchased of Solomon Schmuck for iiooo, the 
northern half of lot No. 49. J 

On April 28, 1809, a patent was granted by John and Richard Penn for lot 
No. 55, lying on the northeast corner of Centre Square, to George Small and 
Elizabeth Billmyer, for which they paid £21 "js. 3^/. § This was probably granted 
on payment of back quit-rents. 

By a deed bearing the same date as the patent, Andrew Billmyer conveyed 
this same lot, No. 55, to George Small for £1300. || 

(This payment was in pounds and not in dollars, as has heretofore been 
supposed.) 

On November 3, 1808, the administrators of the estate of Conrad Laub sold 
to George Small, for £805 \Gs., sixteen acres and one hundred and twenty-six 
perches of land in York Township, joining lands of the heirs of John Hay, John 
Grier, John Small, and the Almshouse farm. \ 



* Deed Book K K, p. 471. f Deed Book Q Q, p. 56. X Deed Book R R, p. 115. 

'i Deed Book T T, p. 529. || Deed Book 2 W, p. 343. H Deed Book 2 VV, p. 347. 

28 



CDienealogical iSecorDji of dBfeorge ^mall 

On May 2, 1809, John and Richard Penn conveyed to George Small, lot 
No. 18, subject to a quit-rent, for £16 los. ^d. * 

In the year 1728 George Small purchased from Charles A. Morris the farm 
adjoining property of the heirs of Jacob Small, in Spring Garden Township, f 
and on April i, 183 1, for fifty dollars Samuel Landes granted George Small & 
Son the right to dig a race through his property. It is stated in the deed that 
George Small & Son were about to build a flour-mill. 

Later this mill was operated by George Small in conjunction with the firms 
of George Small & Sons and of P. A. & S. Small. The product of the mill, 
both flour and cereals, was shipped, by way of Baltimore and New York, to 
England. 

The early history of the business houses of George Small & Sons and P. A. 
& S. Small, established in 1808, is best given in brief by extracts from the York 
Gazette. J 

November 14, 1816. " New iron store — George Small — At the north east 
corner of the Court House, in the borough of York, respectfully acquaints the 
public that he has received and will constantly keep on hand a large and general 
assortment of Bar Iron, Crowley steel, English and American Blister steel, iron 
hoops and nail rods, all of which he will sell at the lowest prices. His bar iron 
being from Mr. Curtin's forge. Centre County, needs no recommendation, and it 
is known to be of superior quality and he will warrant it as such. All purchasers 
on trial not finding it so, are at liberty to return it." 

May 8, 1817. " Small and Morris very respectfully inform their friends and 
the public in general that they have formed a co-partnership in the hardware line 
and are now opening at the north east corner of the Court House, in the borough 
of York, a general assortment of iron mongery, cutlery, plated and tinned soldery, 
brass and japanned ware, etc., grain and grass scythes, German scythes, American 
patent straw knives, German cutting knives, long and short handle frying pans, 
mill saws, cross cut do, anvils of various sizes, vices of do, do, waldrons, hand 
panel tenant lock and wood do — a complete assortment of files, a do, do, of 
hinges, a do, do, of screws, a do, do, of cabinet furniture. Mounting Till, cup- 
board, chest, door, pad and stock locks, chisels and gouges, assorted braces and 
bits, assorted, — sad irons, wire, — pen and pocket knives, single and double blades, 
knives and forks, tea and table spoons, scissors and razors, &c., &c., bed screws, 
trace and halter chains, a complete assortment of planes and plane irons, sheet 
iron, do. brass, iron dipper and straining webs, best Crowley, American cast steel, 
nail rods, hoop iron, also an assortment of warranted bar iron celebrated for its 
goodness and expect daily a further supply, which when received, will make 
their assortment of bar iron as complete as any in the State. Also an assortment 
of paints. They intend to keep constantly on hand groceries, all of which will be 
sold at the most reduced prices. May i, 1817." 



-" Deed Book 2 W, p. 345. t Deed Book 3 Z, p. 5(9. 

t The files of the Gazette from 180S to 1S16 are missing. 

29 



(Kcnealogtcal BccorDjS of cKcorgc ^mall 

June 27, 1820. " Small and Morris have dissolved their partnership by mutual 
consent, while they take this method of expressing their unfeigned thanks to their 
former customers for their generous encouragement since in business, they at the 
same time call upon those in arrears to discharge their dues. All persons having 
demands against them will please present their accounts for settlement. George 
Small, Charles A. Morris. York, June 24, 1827." 

" George Small respectfully acquaints his friends and the public in general 
that he has taken his son Philip Small into partnership, anil that the business will 
be conducted as usual at the old stand under the firm name of George Small 
& Son." 

June 28, 1825. " George Small & Son, Having taken Samuel Small into part- 
nership, the business in future will be conducted at the old stand under the firm 
name of George Small & Sons. George Small & Son take this opportunity of 
returning thanks to their friends and customers and as it is important that their 
late business should be brought to a close as speedily as possible they request those 
who have accounts with them to call and settle." 

July I. 1833. " The partnership heretofore existing under the firm of George 
Small and Sons has this day been dissolved by mutual consent. All persons in- 
debted on the books of the late firm are requested to call and settle their accounts. 
The business will be continued under the firm name of P. A. & S. Small." 

Until 1835 or 1840, most of the hardware was imported by the firm directly 
from Birmingham and Sheffield, England. 

" Codorus Navigation — Two arks of wheat, 3000 bushels, arrived for George 
Small & Sons, May 20, 1834." * 

George Small, being a public spirited man, constantly advocated judicious 
town and county improvements and the establishment of closer relations with 
other places as a means of increasing the growth of York town and its improve- 
ment both financially and intellectually. 

The newspaper files show him frequently acting as chairman and president 
at public meetings. The only political office he held was that of chief burgess of 
York, to which he was elected May 5. 1829. 

On December 30, 1808, he was made a trustee of the historical York County 
Academy, which numbered among its board James Smith, one of the signers of 
the Declaration of Independence, and Thomas Hartley, who was a member of the 
convention which ratified the Constitution. During the latter years of his life he 
held the position of president of this body, f 

He was also for many years the president of the Orphean Society. J 

Notwithstanding his social and business engagements, George Small devoted 
a large part of his attention to the afifairs of the German Reformed Church. For 
many years he was a member of its council, treasurer of the synod, superintendent 
of its Sunday-school, and leader of the choir. The latter, it may be interesting to 
note, was composed, in the year 1800, of the following members : Jacob Doll, 



* York Gazette. t Academy Records. t York Gazette. 

30 



(Bienealofiical KccorDjS of dScorse ^mall 

John Doll, Martin Frey, Peter Small, Henry Small, Benjamin Beitzel, Joseph 
Small, John Pickel, Joseph Welshans, Jacob Spangler, and William Harwig. 
George Small, leader.* 

Those who knew him best often heard George Small say, " It was neither 
affliction nor fear of punishment which brought me to repentance and a Christian 
life." His death was considered a general calamity to the community. Rev. 
Cares, of the Reformed Church, said of him, " I have lost the pillar of my church." 
The Rev. Dr. Cathcart, of the Presbyterian Church, said, " He was as near perfect 
as any man I ever knew, a gentleman and a Christian." 

In appearance George Small was tall and heavily built. His son Samuel was 
said to bear a striking resemblance to him. 

" Mrs. George Small, a lady of many virtues." j survived her husband but a 
short time. They were buried side by side in the graveyard of the Reformed 
Church. The bodies were afterwards removed to Prospect Hill and reinterred 
in the lot owned by Dr. Alexander Small. The following comments on the death 
of George Small are taken from the issues of the press at the time of its occur- 
rence : 

York Gazette. September 4, 1838. " Died very suddenly on Tuesday, Mr. 
George Small, one of the oldest and most respectable citizens of this place, in the 
seventy-second year of his age. Mr. Small had been for several hours preceding 
his death at his mill about a mile from the Borough, and while there was sup- 
posed to be in his usual health. He left the mill on horse-back — at about three 
o'clock in the afternoon and had proceeded but a short distance towards home 
when he was seen to dismount and lie down near the road. The workmen 
hastened to the spot, found him insensible, and in a few minutes he expired. 
His death is attributed to an apoplectic stroke. The deceased was for many 
years well known here and elsewhere as a hardware merchant in extensive 
business ; and was always distinguished for his probity as a business man, 
while he was respected and esteemed for his strict performance of the duties 
devolving upon him in all the various moral and social relations of his prolonged 
life." 

Another obituary notice gives the following: 

" Died, at York, Pennsylvania, on the 4th inst., very suddenly, Mr. George 
Small, for a number of years the Treasurer of the Synod of the German Reformed 
Church, in the seventy-second year of his age. The deceased rose in the morning 
in usual health, and after breakfast rode, as he was in the habit of doing, to his 
mill, a short distance from town. He returned at noon, complained somewhat of 
a pain about the chest, but ate a hearty dinner, after which he again rode to the 
mill, and having attended to some business, said he felt unwell and believed he 
would return home. He mounted his horse and left, and a short time after he 
was found at the side of the road, his horse standing by him, and was taken 
up and borne to the house a lifeless corpse. 



* Lewis Miller's Books. f York Recorder. 

31 



(!E»encalogical ISccortijj of (Btorgc ^mall 

" Mr. Small was one of the oldest and most respected citizens of York. He 
' was diligent in business," and decidedly a man of enterprise. As husband, he 
was most kind ; as parent, most tender ; as neighbor, obliging ; as friend, most 
true ; and as such will long retain a place in the memory of all who knew him. 

" But he deserves especially to be held up as an e.xample in his connection 
with the church. For a great many years, and up to the time of his death, he 
was the leader of the choir in the German Reformed Church in that place. In 
the prayer-meeting and Bible-class (one or the other of which he attended on 
nearly every evening of the week,) he delighted: they were the element in which 
he lived. When it was on one occasion suggested to him, by a friend, whether 
there was not danger of so multiplying evening prayer-meetings, as to neglect 
one's other business, he replied, ' Make it a rule to rise two hours earlier in the 
morning and you will have sufficient time to attend to both.' This was his rule. 
As a supporter of the congregation to which he belonged, and the various religious 
and benevolent enterprises of the day, he was liberal, and ever ready to furnish 
the bearer of his contributions with new arguments and incentives to prosecute 
his work. 

" Especially was he interested in the Sunday-School. He was not satisfied, 
as too many of his age and circumstances are, with saying, ' It is a good thing, 
but let the young attend to it ;' he showed the interest he felt by personally 
engaging in it. He was, up to the time of his death, the acting superintendent 
of the Sunday-school of the congregation of which he was a member ; and but 
two days previous stood yet in the presence of that school, leading in the work 
of praise, e.xhorting the scholars and supplicating a throne of grace with and 
for them. No one was ever more punctual and delighted more in the performance 
of his duties as superintendent ; and none, perhaps, ever was more esteemed as 
such, by the scholars and those associated with him. How truly they loved him 
is seen in the sadness which still marks every countenance. 

" He left behind him a bereaved consort, four children and a very numerous 
circle of friends, to lament his death as their loss, and a whole congregation 
deeply sensible of being deprived of the services of a most valuable member ; but 
while they and we mourn over the suddenness, and the painful circumstances of 
his death, he, we have every reason to believe, rejoices in immortal vigor, where 
' sorrow and death never come.' " 

No account of the real estate of George Small was filed, as the settlement was 
perfectly satisfactory to all the heirs. Among the county property which he 
owned may be mentioned the " Spring Garden Farm" and the " Vinegar Place." 
After the settlement of the estate it was discovered that the revenues bequeathed 
to the widow were not so large as had been anticipated ; the heirs accordingly, by 
a private agreement, added five thousand dollars to her portion. 

WILL OF GEORGE SM.'\LL. 

" I, George Small, of the borough and county of York and State of Penn- 
sylvania, store keeper, being in good health of body and mind, do, in and by these 

32 



(Bcnealofiical ISecorDjsJ of (Bcorge ^mall 

presents and, on the fourth day of February and in the year of our Lord, One 
thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty Three, make my last will and testament. 

" I direct my executors, hereinafter named, to pay njy debts. 

" I give and bequeath to my beloved wife Anna Mary, the sum of Five 
Hundred Dollars to be paid to her by my executors as soon after my decease 
as possible and at all events within forty days of her widowhood. 

" I give and devise to my said wife, my dwelling house and lot with the 
appurtenances and also my garden home and lot with the appurtenances for and 
during the term of her natural life, and all the use, rents, issues and profits of 
the same, she paying the taxes and keeping the same in repair. 

" I direct my executors, as soon as may be after my decease, to raise out of 
my estate the sum of Two thousand dollars, which they are directed to put into 
the hands of such person as she shall direct and appoint as her trustee, which 
trustee shall put that sum out to interest, in safe hands or funds, which interest 
shall be paid by him to my said wife annually, or as often as such trustee shall 
receive it during her life. 

" I also direct that my said wife shall take the furniture which I shall have 
at my death, as much as she shall choose. 

" I authorize and direct my executors to sell all my real and personal estate 
which I shall have at my death except what I have herein otherwise disposed of, 
as soon after my death as shall be convenient and the money arising from such 
sales, and such money as I shall have on hand outstanding, after my debts and the 
legacies aforesaid shall have been paid, shall be divided into four equal parts or 
shares, one for each of my children : Philip A. Small, Samuel Small, Alexander 
Small and Cassandra, intermarried with Charles A. Morris, and after the death 
of my wife I direct that my sons Philip and Samuel may take my dwelling house 
and lot with the appurtenances and my garden lot and house with the appurte- 
nances at a fair valuation made by three disinterested and impartial men, to be 
appointed by my children, viz., one by my two sons last mentioned, one by my son 
Alexander and one by my daughter Cassandra and her husband. 

" If either of my sons Philip or Samuel shall decline to have the same at 
the appraisement the other may take. If both refuse Alexander may take, and 
if all refuse then the same shall be sold by my executors and the money arising 
from such sale, and also two thousand dollars which I have herein directed to 
be put into the hands of a trustee shall be equally divided into four shares, one 
for each of my children aforesaid and the same shall be paid to them by my 
executors. 

" It is my will that if I shall be in trade at the time of my decease in part- 
nership with any one, my share of the stock shall not be sold at public sale with 
my other personal property but shall be sold at a fair price to the surviving part- 
ner or partners, or in case this cannot be done, the same may be disposed of by 
my executors at their discretion. 

" It is also my will that whatever part or share of my estate shall by this 
my will fall to my daughter Cassandra shall be retained by my executors, who 
3 33 



dDienealogical ISccorDjSi of (George ^mall 

shall pay to her or her husband the interest thereof, punctually, for and during 
the natural life of my said daughter, and after her death the principal sum shall 
be equally divided among my surviving children, or the lawful representatives 
of such as shall have been deceased, if one solely, if more in equal shares, pro- 
vided, however, that if my daughter Cassandra shall leave lawful issue at her 
death her share shall go to and belong to such issue as if she had died possessed 
of the same in her own right. 

" I nominate and appoint my two sons Philip A. Small and Samuel Small 
and my son-in-law Charles A. Morris the executors of this my last will and tes- 
tament. 

" I revoke all other wills by me heretofore made. 

" Witness my hand and seal the day and year within written. 

(Signed) "George Small." [seal] 

Witnesses: H. H. Cassat and J. Smith. 

" The foregoing written as the last will and testament of George Small the 
testator is this day resigned, resealed and republished as the last will and testa- 
ment of the testator in the presence of the subscribing witnesses done the 26th 
day of August, a.d. 1829. 

(Signed) "George Small." [seal] 

Witnesses : Charles A. Barnitz and J. Schmuck. 

" This instrument is this day signed, sealed and republished by George Small 
as his last will and testament in the presence of us the fourth day of August, 
A.D. 1832. 

" Henry King 

" Jared B. Son. 

(Signed) " George Small." [seal] 

The will was probated January 21, 1839.* 

"A true and just inventory of the goods and chattels, rights and credits of 
George Small, late of the borough of York, taken this 4th day of February, 
a.d. 1839, by 

John Voglesong 
George S. Morris. 

Item No. I. 12 Chairs, 2 card tables looking glass in front room 

upstairs $85.00 

Item No. 2. Furniture corner room upstairs 50.00 



* Will Book S, p. 6, York, Pennsylvania. 
34 



(Bcnealogtcal HecorD^ of dPeotge ^mall 

Item No. 3. Furniture in next room $65.00 

Item No. 4. Furniture next 50.00 

Item No. 5. Furniture above kitchen 25.00 

Item No. 6. Furniture lo.oo 

Item No. 7. Furniture Front parlor down stairs 70.00 

Kitchen 20.00 

Cellar 5.00 

Note 17,000.00 

Note 100.00 

I Share York & Baltimore Turnpike 5.00 

12 Water Stock 300.00 

4 Wrightsville & York Railroad 40.00 

I York Haven & Harrisburg Turnpike i.oo 

Entry and stair carpeting 15.00 

I Share York & Gettysburg Turnpike 5.00 

On account of Small & Morris 44.00 

I Eight day clock 30.00 



$17,920.00 



" Sworn to on the 26th day of July, a.d. 1839, by John Voglesong and George 
S. Morris." 

The following letter was written by a life-long friend of the family, to Philip 
A. and Samuel Small after the death of their father : 

" Margaretta, September, 11, 1838. 

" My dear Friends, — Permit me so to intrude upon your sorrow as to 
express the deep regret with which I learned the death of your worthy Father. 
A duty which I should earlier have performed, but for a severe indisposition 
under which I have been laboring for a week past. 

" Our sympathy will never fill the vacuum created by the removal of one who 
held the place of your venerable father in society but more particularly in his 
own family. It is there the stroke falls heaviest. 

" As time rolls on society changes, others rise up and take the place of those 
who have gone from the stage of life. The regrets and sympathies of friends 
are forgotten and the affections are drawn into new channels — but not so in the 
family where an aged and venerable head is removed. The widow is left to 
spend the remainder of her days in solitude — those objects which heretofore lent 
their charms to make the path of life sweet, now serve only to remind her of the 
chasm which has been made — and nothing but the sweet consolations of that 
Religion which has taught us that in the World of Spirits there will be a reunion 
where we shall know even as we are known, can support a soul in these hours of 
affliction. To you my friends this loss is irreparable, his wisdom and experience 

35 



(Beucalogical BccorDjs of cKcorgc ^mall 

were of importance to you in your business and while you were thus receiving his 
counsel, it was with confidence that you could rely upon it, for coming from 
one who had no sordid wishes to gratify or mercenary ends to accomplish, but 
whose happiness and prosperity was promoted in proportion as he advanced yours. 

'■ Your affliction was made the heavier from the circumstances of his death — 
together with the suddenness of it, for his health and robust constitution would 
naturally lead us to suppose he might live to a great age, but we are taught by 
our Divine Master and constant experience that ' The battle is not to the strong 
nor the race to the swiftest," that ' His ways are not our ways,' that death comes 
to all and that the robust, strong and hearty constitution shares alike with him 
who has never known health. 

" I have not written these incoherent lines to open afresh your wounds but 
to express my deep sympathy in your loss and can only add that the balm which 
alone can heal your wounds is found in submitting to the will of Him who has 
sent this affliction and who does all things well — My sincere and ardent prayer 
for you is that you have grace given to be enabled to say in imitation of our 
Savior, ' Thy will, not mine, be done.' 

" Believe me, V^ery affectionately, 

" Your friend, 

" H. Y. Sl.\ymaker." 

Children of George and Anna Maria Small : 

77. Cassandra Small", born December 4, 1793; died July 29, 1872; married Rev. 

Charles A. Morris. 

78. Isaias Small', born November 2^, I795; died young. 

79. Philip Albright Small", born March 6, 1797; died April 3, 1875; married Sarah 

Bartow Latimer. 

80. Samuel Small", born July 25, 1799; died July 14. 1885; married Isabel Cassat. 

81. Alexander Small", born March 8. 1805; died June 8, 1862; unmarried. 

38. Michael SchmahP (Killian*, Lorentz', Lorentz", LorentzM. born De- 
cember 16, 1769; baptized January 12, 1770, by Rev. Philip Otterbein. He 
married and had six children, whose names are unknown. 

Michael Small removed to Baltimore, Maryland, where he carried on a 
sugar refinery. His business failure late in life is attributed to the extravagance 
of others. 

39. Joseph Schmahl' (Killian'', Lorentz', Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born Feb- 
ruary 23, 1772; baptized April 17, 1772; died September 8, 1855: married (i), 
March 18, 1798, by Rev. Philip Otterbein, to Elizabeth Etter, who was buried in 
the grave yard of Prey's Church in Windsor Township. 

His second marriage was on March 11, 1813, to Elizabeth Krone, of Wind- 
sor Township,* who was buried at Fissel's Church, near Glen Rock, York County. 
Joseph Small was buried at Prospect Hill, but no stone marks the spot. 



* Reformed Church Records. 
36 



(Genealogical BecorDjs of dDieorge ^mall 

Joseph Small appears to have been a carpenter by trade, but in his younger 
days frequently changed both his residence and his profession, for tradition states 
that at one time he carried on the saddlery business, and at another that of a tin- 
smith. 

In 1836 he was elected to serve for four years as Commissioner of York 
County.* 

Children of Joseph and EHzabeth (Etter) Small: 

82. Charles Small". 

83. Henry Small'. 

84. Josiah Small". 

85. Louisa Small". 

86. Susanna Small". 

Children of Joseph and Elizabeth (Krone) Small: 

87. George Small". 

88. John Small". 

89. John Krone Small". 

90. Anna Mary Small". 

91. Catharine Small". 

92. Cassandra Small". 

93. Sarah Small". 

94. Elizabeth Small". 

95. Benjamin Small". 

96. George Krone Small". 

97. Philip Edmond Small". 

40. Peter SchmahP (Killian*, Lorentz\ Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born about 
1774; died April 29, 1823; married (i), April 27, 1797, Anna Maria Spangler, 

who died April 11, 1816, aged thirty-six years and ten months; (2) Lucinda , 

who, after his death, in 1824, married George Ilgenfritz. 

Peter Small and his wife Anna Maria were buried in the graveyard of the 
German Reformed Church of York. Their bodies were removed in 1850 to Pros- 
pect Hill.f 

Peter Small for many years carried on the carpentry business. He was 
associated with his brothers Henry and George in the building of the Almshouse, 
the Lutheran church, etc. 

On February 6, 1803, the Legislature authorized the erection of a house for 
the employment and support of the poor of York County. Peter Small was one 
of those appointed to select the site for the building. :j: 

In 1803, when a lottery was formed to raise money to liquidate the debt 



* York GazeUe. 

t The large stone which marked the grave of Peter Small was borrowed some years ago by a 
candy manufacturer, who to the present time has neglected to return it. 
t Rupp's History of York County, p. 652. 

37 



(Bcnealogtcal ISccorDiS of dEicorgc ^mall 

incurred by the rebuilding of the German Reformed Church, which had been 
destroyed by fire in 1799, Peter Small was one of the commissioners.* 

He was elected Commissioner of York County in 181 1; appointed post- 
master at York, 1814, 1815, 1817, and 1821 ; was a member of the Legislature in 
1814, and assistant burgess of York in 1816-17.1 I" 1813 he was a member of 
the One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment of the Pennsylvania militia. J He 
was a member of the first board of managers of the York Water Company § 
in 1816. 

Letters of administration on his estate were granted May 2, 1823, to George 
Small and George Spangler. 

Children of Peter and Anna Maria Small : 

98. Daniel Small*. 

99. Margaret Maria Small'. 
100. John Small'. 

loi. David Small". 

Children of Peter and Lucinda Small : 

102. Sarah Ann Small'. 

103. William Henry Small'. 

41. Heinrich SchmahP (Killian*, Lorentz', Lorentz", Lorentz'), bom 
December 15, 1777; baptized March 20, 1778, in the German Reformed Church; 
died May 7, 1849; niarried, February 20, 1806, Mary Ebert, born July 25, 1788; 
died December 25, 1835. Both he and his wife were buried at Prospect Hill. 

Henry Small was a builder, and was associated with his brothers in the erec- 
tion of a number of the well-known buildings of York, to which reference has 
been made elsewhere. 

He was a member of the same company, in the One Hundred and Thirteenth 
Regiment of Peimsylvania militia, in which his brother Peter was enrolled, in 
1813. II On May 4, 1818, he was elected an assistant burgess of York.^f 

From the York Gazette is taken the following notice of his death : 

" Mr. Henry Small, one of the oldest and most respected citizens of this 
County, died very suddenly yesterday at the residence of his son Mr. Killian 
Small, in Spring Garden. He was as well as usual, we understand, in the morning, 
and while engaged in some light work in the yard, sank to the ground and in a 
few minutes expired. He was about 73 years of age. His brother, the late 
George Small, died in about the same manner ten years ago." 

Children of Henry and Mary Small : 

104. Killian Small'. 

105. George Small'. 



* York Gazette. t Newspaper files. % York Gazette. 

? Ibid. II Ibid H Ibid. 

38 



©cnealofitcal ISccorD^ of (Beorgc ^mall 



^etentlj (lD>cneration 

77. Cassandra Small* (George', Killian^ Lorentz', Lorentz", Lorentz'), 
born at York, Pennsylvania, December 4, 1793; baptized January 19, 1794; died 
without issue, July 29, 1872 ; married Rev. Charles A. Morris.* 

Mrs. Morris, who was educated at a local school, was honorary superintend- 
ent of the Sunday-school of St. Paul's Lutheran Church for many years, and on 
the founding of the Orphans' Home became the president of the board of man- 
agers, which position she held until the time of her death. 

In her interest in public affairs Mrs. Morris was in advance of the majority 
of the women of her day. A charming personality and benevolence endeared 
her to the community at large, and she is still, after the lapse of many years, 
affectionately recalled by many. The following notices express the love and 
esteem in which she was held: 

" Mrs. Cassandra Morris. — On Monday last full of years, and in the hope 
of a blessed immortality, passed away from earth, Mrs. Cassandra Morris, wife 
of the venerable Chas. A. Morris, Esq. Mrs. Morris had passed beyond the 
three score and ten years allotted to mortals, and was nearly four score at the 
time of her death. She was a lady who illustrated by her daily life, the beauties 
of that holy religion that she professed, and showed ' by her walk and conversa- 
tion, that she had been with Jesus and learned of him' the graces which adorn a 
true christian character. She was a pillar in the church, an ornament to 
society, noted for her philanthropy and benevolence, and her memory will be 
embalmed in the hearts of many, who remember but to love her, for her goodness, 
gentleness, and that broad spirit of charity which she ever exhibited. Mrs. 
Morris was one of the Managers of the Orphans' Home, and her death leaves a 
vacancy in that board which will be hard to fill. None more delighted to be 
engaged in looking after and caring for the Orphans than she, and none was 
more beloved at the Home. But now she is gone, and of her we may truly say, 
' Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.' To the bereaved husband and the 
wide circle of mourning friends we tender our heartfelt condolence in this hour 
of their severe affliction, and can only commend them to the support of that ' rod 
and staff' upon which she leaned as she ' passed through the valley of the shadow 
of death.' Her remains were interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery on Wednesday 
evening. The funeral was very largely attended, the Orphans' Home being fully 
represented." 

The following account of memorial services in relation to the death of Mrs. 
C. A. Morris is taken from the York True Democrat: 

" On last Sabbath a week the exercises at St. Paul's Lutheran Church in this 
borough, were of far more than usual interest. In the morning tlic pastor, 



* This marriage, which probably occurred about the year 1815, does not appear upon the records 
of the German Reformed Church. The ceremony may have been performed by one of the professors 
of the Lutheran Seminary, which at that time was located in York. 

39 



(Bcncalogical KccorDjS of (Bcotgc ^mall 

Rev. Wm. M. Baum, D.D., preached the annual harvest sermon, in which he 
spoke of the goodness and mercy of God, to a large and attentive congregation. 
It is said to have been one of his finest efforts, and left a powerful impression 
upon the hearers. In the afternoon the Sabbath-school was largely attended, 
and after the usual exercises were over, Daniel Kraber, Esq., superintendent, 
made an interesting address to the teachers and children. Thirty-six years 
ago he and the recently deceased Mrs. C. A. Morris were chosen to superintend 
the school. Mrs. Morris held the position until the time of her death and Mr. 
Kraber still retains it, and will, in all probability, until death closes the scene 
with him. His long and intimate association with the deceased enabled him to 
form a correct estimate of her virtues and he spoke of these in a manner which 
was truly affecting to all who heard him. Many persons in the room were moved 
to tears. 

" In the evening at six o'clock memorial services for Mrs. Morris were held 
in the church, and the large audience chamber was crowded to overflowing. 
The sermon on the occasion, which was, of course, delivered by Dr. Baum, was 
one of unusual power and eloquence. The little children from the ' Home' were 
present in a body, and of the teachers and scholars of the Sabbath-school but 
few, if any, were absent. The singing by the children was touching and im- 
pressive, and the interior of St. Paul's never presented a more interesting and 
solemn scene." 

Charles A. Morris was born December 9, 1792, of a family which had held 
positions of prominence and trust from the founding of the country. His talents 
and disposition pointed to his suitability for the church. He was educated accord- 
ingly, was ordained a minister of the Lutheran denomination, and for some 
time occupied the pulpit of the Kreitz Creek Church, from which he resigned 
owing to ill health, and embarked in business with his father-in-law, George 
Small. In 1820 their partnership was dissolved by mutual consent,* Mr. Morris 
entering the drug business, which was successfully carried on until his death. 
He was succeeded in this business by his partner, William Smith, who had 
" been raised," in old-fashioned parlance, by the family of Charles A. Morris. f 

Mr. Morris was early associated with the local affairs of the town. In 1822 
he became a director of the York Library Association: in 1823 he was elected 
President of the Vigilant Fire Company ; f on October 11, 1823, he was made 
a member of the board of the York County Academy, § on which he served until 
his death, and of which he was president from 1859 until 1863. In 1823 he 
was secretary of the York Colonization Society, || and in 1843 was one of 
the promoters of a society organized to encourage mechanical arts in York 
County. From 1842 to 1853 he was secretary of the board of directors of 
the York Water Company,^ which had been organized by his father-in-law, 
George Small. 



* York Gazette. t York Gazette, April 30, 1844. J York Gazette. 

? Ibid. II Ibid. 1i Ibid. 

40 




MRS. CHARLES A. MORRIS 
(CASSANDRA SMALL ) 

No. 77 



(Benealogtcal BccorDisi of dDicorgc ^mall 

Mr. Morris was an enthusiastic prohibitionist, and for many years was one 
of the foremost active workers in the State and local temperance associations.* 
He served several terms as president of the local organization. He was president 
of the York Sunday School Association, and of the York Benevolent Society. 
He was made president of the Laurel Fire Company in October. 1853,! and 
served in that capacity until 1857. 

Mr. Morris was one of the organizers of the Dillsburg, Shippensburg, and 
Greencastle Railroad in 1854, and in the same year was elected a member of the 
board of directors :|: of the York National Bank. In 1867 he was a director of 
the Farmers' and Mechanics' Insurance Company of York. § 

In the York Gazette of April 23, 1863, is an account of a mass-meeting held 
to express the feelings of the community as to national affairs and give aid to 
the families of those called to the service of their country, of which Charles A. 
Morris was one of the vice-presidents. 

Mr. Morris was vice-president of the Orphans' Home when it was organized 
in 1865. An account of the founding of this charity, together with abstracts from 
the last annual report, will be found in the Appendix. 

Charles A. Morris devoted much time and energy to the advancement and 
development of education as a member and president of the York School board, 
as trustee of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, and as a director of the Theo- 
logical Seminary of the Lutheran Church. He contributed largely to the support 
of the last-named institution during his life. 

An oil portrait of Mr. Morris hangs in the Sunday-school Hall of St. Paul's 
Lutheran Church, and another is owned by the family of his brother, John G. 
Morris, late president of the Maryland Historical Society. 

Mr. Morris, after a long and useful life, died at the good old age of eighty- 
one years at his residence on East Market Street, York, on April 10, 1874, and 
was buried by the side of his wife in Prospect Hill Cemetery. 

Resolutions of respect were passed by many boards of which he was a 
member at the time of his death. The York Press gives this notice of the death 
of Charles A. Morris : 

" We are called upon this week to record the death of one of our most 
estimable and useful citizens, Charles A. Morris, Esq., which event took place at 
his residence in this borough, after a short illness on Friday morning last. In his 
death the suffering poor have lost a benefactor, whose whole life was devoted to 
the interests of the needy and the distressed, and his memory will not only be 
cherished by those upon whom he bestowed alms, but by the whole community, 
for many long years to come. 

" Rev. L. A. Gotwalt, of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, of which the deceased 
was a member, preached a very effective and instructive funeral sermon, taking 
for his text, ' For he was a good man and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith 
and much people was added unto the Lord.' Acts xi. 24." 



• York GazeUe. t Ibid. % Ibid. 'i Ibid. 

41 



dEicnealogical HccorDjs of CScorgc ^mall 

The York Daily Press, April 17, 1874, gives a synopsis of the Rev. Gotwalt's 
remarks, as follows : 

" After a few preliminary remarks the reverend gentleman first spoke of the 
leading historical facts in the life of Mr. Morris. The deceased was born in York 
on December 9, 1792, died April 10, 1874, aged 81 years, 4 months, and i day. In 
his infancy he was baptized by Rev. Mr. Goering. At the age of about fifteen he 
was confirmed by Rev. Dr. Schmucker, prepared for the ministry and was licensed 
to preach. He preached a short time, serving the Kreitz Creek congregation. On 
account of impaired health, he relinquished the work of the ministry and engaged 
in the profession of druggist, in which he continued until but a few years ago. 

" He next spoke of his eminent usefulness — his unflagging interest in educa- 
tion. For over half a century he was trustee of the York County Academy ; for 
many years a most active director of the public schools of York ; a trustee of 
Pennsylvania College, and a director of the Theological Seminary, contributing 
largely of his means towards the endowment of both the College and Theological 
Seminary. He was eminently useful in other directions, among which was the 
cause of temperance. Mr. Morris assisted to organize, and was a member of the 
first temperance organization in York. 

" The Orphans' Home was an object of great interest to Mr. Morris, besides 
manifesting a general interest in the welfare of every person. 

" The next thought was the faithful service of Mr. Morris in the more direct 
work of the church. For over fifty-five years he was teacher in the Sabbath- 
school, and for thirty-eight jcars he taught in St. Paul's Sunday-school. At the 
time of his death he was the oldest Sunday-school teacher in Pennsylvania. As 
a member of the church his greatest usefulness appears. Mr. Gotwalt here spoke 
of the loss, the irreparable loss, that he himself, as his pastor, the church, the 
community, sustains in the death of Mr. Morris. His interest was great in the 
church at large, in the cause of tract distribution, the circulation of the Bible, 
in beneficiary education, home and foreign missions, church extension, colleges 
and theological seminaries of the church, — in a word, every cause which had for 
its object the diffusion of Christian knowledge or the extension of the Kingdom 
of Christ, attracted his attention. Mr. Morris was also good ; good and useful ; 
useful because good. The speaker in his closing remarks ascribed all eminent 
usefulness and excellency of the Christian character of the deceased, to the grace 
of God which made him what he was, also alluding to the glory of his eternal 
reward." 

In his will, Charles A. Morris appointed William Hay, attorney-at-law, trustee 
of his two-ninths interest in the Atlantic Saw-Mills and other property, real and 
personal, consisting of the steam-engine, dwelling-houses, buildings and lands, 
railroad, shore, and other rights in and near Goldsboro. His partner was given 
the preference to purchase. His late partner, William Smith, was to have prefer- 
ence in the purchase of the drug-house. 

To his brother John G. Morris, of Baltimore, ground owned in Lutherville, 
interest in the house occupied by colored man Lewis, $25,000 wax bust of Wash- 

42 



(Genealogical BecorDsi of (©eorge ^mall 

ington, silver watch, shell case, book marked " for family use," portraits of himself 
and George, gold spectacles, gold- and silver-mounted canes. 

To Anthony Drawry, a servant, $3000 for life, which was then to go to the 
Children's Home. 

To Amanda Diehl, servant, $2500 absolutely. 

To Caroline Fisher, milliner, $2500 ($500 devise), remainder to Gettysburg 
Seminary. 

To Jonathan Oswald $3000 absolutely. 

To St. Paul's Church, on condition, $7500, or to the Pennsylvania College at 
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 

To the Gettysburg College, $20,000. 

To Daniel Kraber, $2000 in trust for St. Paul's Sunday-school. 

To the Prospect Hill Cemetery, $200 to keep the graves in order. 

To the Children's Home, at York, $5000. 

To the Orphans' Home at Loysville, Pennsylvania, $2000. 

To the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, $1000. 

To the Evangelical Lutheran Societies as follows: The Home Missionary, 
$1000; the Foreign Missionary, $1000; the Parent Education, $1000; the Church 
Extension, $1000 ; the Aged Pastors' Fund, $1000 ; the Lutheran Board of Pub- 
lication, $1000. 

Articles mentioned in a paper attached to the will were left to persons named 
in list. If John G. Morris died in testator's lifetime, his share should be invested 
and the interest paid to his daughter Georgianna Leisering, the principal, after 
her death, reverting to her children. 

Residue of estate to John G. Morris, absolutely. 

William Latimer Small and William Hay were appointed executors. Will 
dated August 15, 1872. Any subscription made to Gettysburg College to be paid 
out of the $20,000 legacy and no observatory to be constructed with the money 
if one had already been built. Codicil, September 30, 1873. 

The Amanda Diehl bequest raised to $3000. 

The Caroline Fisher bequest raised to $3000. 

Caroline Fisher released from debts due April 8, 1874. 

Will probated April 18, 1874. 

79. Philip Albright Small" (George', Killian*, Lorentz', Lorentz*. Lor- 

entz'), born March 6, 1797; died April 3, 1875; married, September 25, 1822, 
in Philadelphia, by Rev. Van Vleck, to Sarah Bartow Latimer, born February 22, 
1802; died November 16, 1876; daughter of William G. and Sarah (Bartow) 
Latimer. 

From a sketch of Philip A. Small by A. B. Carner, of the York College Insti- 
tute, is taken the following: 

" When Philip Albright Small was baptized the old German mode of spelling 
the names prevailed and the Bible record of the baptism, which took place in the 
German Reformed church, reads ' Philip Albrecht Schmahl.' 

43 



(Eicncalogical 3^ccorD0 of (Bcovgc ^mall 

" Philip A. Small received his education in the York County Academy, of 
which his father was then a trustee. 

" His talents and temperament alike fitted him to take command among men 
who shaped and controlled the business of the community. His first youthful 
experiences in business were as a lad in the store of Penrose Robinson at York. 
Shortly after this, in 1815, when he was but seventeen years old, we find him in 
the firm of Schultz, Konig & Co., Baltimore, Maryland, where he progressed in 
that business, which in later years enabled him to become the princely merchant. 

" His father, in company with Charles Morris, had established a growing 
business in groceries, hardware, etc., and in the summer of 1820 the son Philip 
returned to York, and the partnership of Small & Morris being dissolved, he 
joined with his father (June 27), the firm becoming George Small & Son.* His 
younger brother, Samuel, was soon admitted into the partnership and the firm title 
became George Small & Sons. In 1831 the father, being then chief burgess of 
York, retired from active participation in the store business, but retained his 
interest in and care for the mill until his death, September 4, 1838. The remaining 
partners, consisting of the two brothers Philip and Samuel, then took the firm 
title of P. A. & S. Small, and so it has continued for two generations and across 
it no ' bar sinister' has ever been laid. 

" But the business of P. A. & S. Small was more than the keeping of a 
general store. It was an opportunity, or vantage ground, from which the talents 
and energies of the young men, both as a firm and as individuals, radiated into 
undertakings and movements, the mere list of which would occupy pages, and 
every one of which was a personal success and a public benefit. Their milling 
business grew into international proportions, and the Codorus Mills, which they 
established near York, eventually comprising the following mills : Codorus, Spring 
Garden, Myers, Goldsboro, Hartmans, and Laucks, afforded for many years a 
supply of over ninety thousand barrels of flour a year to the trade of Brazil, 
besides a large local trade. This trade was maintained by way of Baltimore, 
where the firm had a strong and flourishing branch. 

" They were also interested in the manufacture of iron and charcoal, and 
built the Sarah Furnace (named in honor of Philip Small's wife) about the year 
1843, '" Harford County, Maryland ; also the Manor Furnace in York County. 
About the year 1847 tliey joined the Pattersons of Baltimore in erecting the Ash- 
land Furnaces near Cockeysville, Baltimore County. In quite a different direction 
they became leaders in improved farming and the raising of stock. Thus they 
grew to be the heaviest shippers on the road, forwarding at least one-sixth of 
all the freight carried by the Northern Central Railway between York and Balti- 
more. 

" Before the railroad was laid to Pittsburg it was customary for the firm to 
send great six-horse teams to that then distant city, to bring glass to this county 
and to carry back to Pittsburg hardware, etc., manufactured in Baltimore. 



» York Gazette. 
44 



(0encalO5tcal aSccorD0 of dS^eorgc ^mall 

" When the grain business of the firm was at its height a Hne of wagons was 
frequentl}' seen extending from Trinity Reformed church down George St. to the 
railroad warehouses, waiting to be unloaded. 

" Besides these activities which engaged the attention of the P. A. & S. Small 
firm, each of the partners was variously and continuously called upon to lead, 
become a director in, or otherwise encourage almost every description of enter- 
prise that a thriving and advancing community would be apt to enter upon, such 
as the extension and improvement of travel, the founding of banks, the supporting 
of schools, churches, etc." 

The movements that engaged Philip Small's attention and enlisted his wis- 
dom and energy, briefly catalogued by years, are given below. The dates may, 
in some cases, be in error and the list incomplete, as they were difficult to verify 
except from newspaper files. 

1826, April. Director, Resolution Hose Company. 

1830, November 13. Trustee, York County Academy; in 1874 made Presi- 
dent, and so continuing till his death. 

1831, April 5. Director Resolute Hose Company. 

183 1, October 4. Secretary of meeting in interest of oppressed Poles. 
1835, May 12. On committee appointed by Legislature to incorporate Wrights- 
ville and York Railroad. 

1838, December 25. Director York Female Seminary. 
1840. Honorary Member Laurel Fire Engine Company. 

1842, May 14. Secretary tariff meeting. 

1843, August. Leader in founding a Mechanical Institute for Promoting the 
Arts. 

1844, August 27. Member of York Horse Thief Detective Society (an in- 
surance company), and president, December 29, 1863. 

1847. A founder and president of Ashland Iron Company. 

1850. Director of York County National Bank. 

1851. A founder of Athenaeum and Reading-Room. 

1853. October 5-7. On committee of arrangements to hold Agricultural and 
Industrial Fair on the Commons. 

1854. Vice-president of York, Dillsburg, Shippensburg & Greencastle Rail- 
road and on committee with J. L. Mayer to solicit funds for the same. 

1855. Charter member and president of board of Spring Garden Plank 
Road. 

1857, January 13. Charter member and manager of York County Agricul- 
tural Society. 

i860. Director of York and Wrightsville Turnpike Company. President of 
York County Bank (to succeed Eli Lewis), and continuing president till his 
death. 

1861, April 23. Vice-president of public meeting in regard to' national affairs 
and to aid those called into service of the country. 

1863, December 29. President of York Horse Thief Detective Society. 

45 



dBfcncalogtcal BccorDsJ of (E»corgc ^mall 

1865. Manager of York and Maryland Turnpike Company and York and 
Conewago Canal Turnpike Company. 

1867. Director of Farmers' and Mechanics' Insurance Company. Director of 
Lochiel Iron Company. 

1868, March 17. Director of Hanover and Maryland Line Turnpike Com- 
pany. 

1868, May 12. Director of York County Bank. 

1871, June ID. Vice-president with Daniel Rief of York County Agricultural 
Society. 

1874. President of board of trustees of York County Academy. Trustee, 
and, at the time of his death, president of the Board of Trustees of the First 
Presbyterian Church. President York Gas Company. 

With his brother Alexander Small, Philip A. Small erected the building on 
North George Street then occupied by the First National Bank, now (1904) the 
business of Stallman & Co. and Peterman & Co. 

Philip A. Small was a member, with Samuel Small and Henry Latimer, of the 
firm of Myers & Small, dealers in hardware, etc., which firm was dissolved at the 
time of the death of Christopher Myers, November i, 1859. 

In June, 1862, Philip A. Small was made executor and residuary legatee under 
the will of his brother. Dr. Alexander Small. 

" The record of Philip Albright Small is interwoven with the history of a 
most important period in the development of his native town. A determining 
influence in the growth of a community is found in the life and character of its 
strong men, and it is easy to recognize in the features of the city of York condi- 
tions and results that are traceable to the life and influence of the subject of this 
sketch. Many of York's well-travelled turnpikes and other thoroughfares, many 
of its banking and manufacturing enterprises, some of its most beneficent chari- 
table and educational institutions and more than one of its stronger churches, are 
indebted immediately or by direct descent, to the native energies and the public 
spirit of this man. 

" From the above it will be seen that Philip Small was director, organizer, 
or head of associations for the improvement of travel, the protection of society, 
the patriotic care of soldiers, and whatever tended to educational and social 
advancement. His sympathies and assistance were not limited to affairs that 
ofifered pecuniary reward. His advice and co-operation were sought by and given 
to all classes of men, and his presence and counsel were valued by boards of 
control of academies and churches as well as in banks and railroads. 

" But while a man of aflfairs, he was no less a man of domestic and social 
graces. On Wednesday, September 25, 1822, he was married, at Philadelphia, to 
Miss Sarah Latimer, daughter of the late William Latimer, Esq., of that city, 
by the Rev. Van Vleck. This was two years after he had engaged in business 
with his father, when he was about twenty-five years of age. Sarah Latimer, his 
wife, was a descendant of William Latimer, brother of that notable divine, Hugh 
Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, who, with Ridley, was burned at the stake at 

46 



(I0>enealo8(cal EccorDjsi of d^eorgc ^mall 

Oxford in those direful days of 1555, when the best of England's sons gave their 
lives as witnesses to truth and conscience. Two notable paintings, one of the 
preaching of Bishop Latimer before Henry VIII. at St. Paul's Cross, London, the 
other the martyrdom of Latimer and Ridley at the stake, are to-day (December, 
1899) hanging on the walls of the house on the northwest corner of Market and 
Duke Streets, now the home of Philip's daughter, Miss Anna M. Small. These 
pictures, painted by Sir George Hayter for the London Historical Society, were 
purchased by the Hon. George Latimer and brought to this country. They were 
first on exhibition at Earle's gallery in Philadelphia, and then were sent to their 
present place." 

Philip A. Small's home was the scene of abundant and happy life. His chil- 
dren, as they reached maturity, took their places as rightful heirs to his tempera- 
ment and talents, his private and public services and successes. His hospitality 
was remarked, for " his latch-string always hung out, and visitors from all parts 
of the Union were entertained." He died at the good age of seventy-eight years, 
after a brief illness, being confined to his bed but two or three weeks, on Saturday, 
the 3d of April, 1875, at a quarter past eight in the morning. 

At the time of his death he was president of the York County National Bank, 
a position he had held for fifteen years ; president of the York Gas Company, 
president of Ashland Iron Company, president of the board of trustees of the 
First Presbyterian Church, president of trustees of York County Academy, senior 
vice-president of the York County Agricultural Society, and senior member of the 
firm of P. A. & S. Small. All these corporations passed resolutions of respect, 
and the Agricultural Society draped its business office in mourning for thirty days. 
Papers of York and Baltimore published extensive obituary notices, some of which 
are hereafter quoted. 

As an indication of a certain inherited trait of steadfastness and integrity 
of character, it may be interesting to observe that Mr. and Mrs. Small retained 
their household and other servants with remarkable constancy, some for a life- 
time. Louisa Young was with them for forty-seven years, and remained with the 
surviving daughters until her death, thus rounding out sixty years in the family; 
and Singleton Gray, a colored coachman, was in Mr. Small's employ for forty- 
five years, dying in his service. Michael Ryan, another coachman, continued with 
the family for fifty years. Also in the employ of P. A. & S. Small were Fred 
Flinchbaugh for fifty years, Fred Westerheld for forty years, H. Bierman for 
thirty years, and others whose terms of service ranged from twenty to thirty 
years each. 

Philip Small was buried in the church-yard of the First Presbyterian Church 
of York, whose bell bears this inscription : 

" Presented 

To the Presbyterian Church, York, Pa., 

by P. A. & S. Small, 

A.D. 1861." 

47 



(Bcncalogical BccorDjS of (!5corgc ^mall 

His wife, who died but a little over a year and a half later, is laid beside 
him, and the grave is marked by a massive tombstone of gray granite, as simple 
and chaste in design as it should be to fill such an office, and bearing upon its 
face, in clean-cut letters of classic Roman type, the words : 

"PHILIP ALBRIGHT SMALL, 
Born March 6th, 1797 — Died April 3rd, 1875. 

SARAH LATIMER, HIS WIFE, 
Born February 22nd, 1802 — Died November i6th, 1876." 

There are two portraits of Philip A. Small, one owned by Colonel W. S. 
Franklin, of Baltimore, the other by his son Samuel Small ; the latter painted by 
Deigendisch. 

The Baltimore Suji says, — 

" Mr. P. A. Small, of the firm of P. A. & S. Small, of York, Pennsylvania, 
died at his home in York on Saturday last, at 8.15 a.m., aged seventy-eight years. 
Mr. Small was born in York, 1797. He began business in Baltimore in 181 5 
with the firm of Schultz, Konig & Co. In 1820 he went into business in York 
with his father, the firm being George Small & Son, which was enlarged to 
George Small & Sons by the accession of his brother, Samuel Small, and 
on the retirement of the senior partner, in 1831, to P. A. & S. Small. The 
business of the latter house grew to very extensive proportions in grain, milling, 
hardware, and groceries, to which the subject of this notice gave his active efforts 
and ripe experience to within three weeks of his death. He was also engaged 
heavily in the manufacture of iron, and his firm built the Sarah Furnace (char- 
coal), in Harford County, Maryland, which was successfully operated for many 
years. About 1847 they, with the Messrs. Patterson, of Baltimore, erected the 
Ashland Furnaces, near Cockeysville, Baltimore County, which are now in full 
and successful operation. He was extensively engaged in farming and stock 
raising, in which he was also successful. It is said that at one time one-sixth of 
the freight forwarded over the Northern Centra! railroad to Baltimore was 
shipped by his house. 

" His life was a busy one in every sense of the term, and his personal habits 
exhibited wonderful elasticity. He always, when in York, was in his counting- 
room by sunrise, and all the divisions of the extensive warehouses of the firm had 
his personal supervision. The credit of his house ranked with the very highest 
in the country, and it remained unsullied in all periods of panic or depression. 
He gave generously to all deserving charities, and by the young merchants, 
farmers, or manufacturers with whom he came in contact his advice was always 
sought and heeded. His liberality to the young was proverbial in York, Balti- 
more and Miftlin Counties, as well as in the Cumberland Valley." 

Another notice of the death of Philip A. Small is as follows : 

" Philip A. Small, Esq., the senior member of the well-known firm of P. A. 

48 



©enealogtcal ISccorDji of dDicorgc ^mall 

& S. Small, of this borough, died at his residence on the corner of East Main 
and Duke Streets, on Saturday morning last. Mr. Small had been confined to 
his house and bed for two or three weeks previous to his decease, and gradually 
grew weaker and weaker until his powerful constitution finally yielded to the 
ravages of the fell destroyer. For forty years and upward he was one of the 
leading business men of the borough, and besides the princely fortune that he 
realized, possessed a wealth of mind and of character which is a rare achieve- 
ment in this world of ours. He was not only extensively known among business 
men in this State and the States adjoining, but wherever he was known he was 
esteemed for his high sense of honor and integrity and for his clear and sound 
judgment which were among the leading traits of his character. At the time of 
his death he was the president of the York County National Bank, and his place 
in this institution will be hard to fill. He also was president of the York Gas 
Company, and president of the Board of Trustees of the Presbyterian Church 
of this borough. For many years he conducted an extensive business, in this 
county, in connection with his brother Samuel, who survives him, and whose 
high character as a philanthropist and a Christian may almost be said to be world 
wide. Of late years his two sons, Latimer and Samuel, have also been connected 
with the firm, and by their excellent business tact and intelligence have con- 
tributed much to the success of its various enterprises. Their extensive ware- 
houses, in this borough, may be said to be the granary of York County, and our 
farmers from far and near always found a ready market, with them, for their 
grain and other fruits of their industry'. The business of P. A. & S. Small was 
not confined to the large hardware and grain depot, on the corner of Centre 
Square and East Main Street, in this borough. They were the proprietors of 
several extensive fiouring-mills in this county, and also the owners of the Ash- 
land Furnace in the State of Maryland, and other business enterprises which 
contributed largely to the public benefit." 

RESOLUTIONS OF THE YORK GAS COMPANY. 

" At a special meeting of the managers of the York Gas Company, held on 
Monday evening, April 5, a.d. 1875, the death of our worthy president, P. A. 
Small, being announced, after remarks made relative to the bereavement caused 
by the death of the deceased, the following proceedings were had : 

" Whereas, It has been the will of an All-wise Providence to remove 
from among us our late respected president, Philip A. Small, who for many years 
has been connected with many of our institutions, and who has always shown a 
deep interest in this corporation ; therefore, 

" Resolved, That while we bow in humility to the will of the Great Dis- 
penser of human events, we cannot but lament the loss this corporation and 
community have sustained by his removal, both as individuals and as members 
of this corporation. 

" Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with the bereaved family in their 
affliction, and we hereby tender our earnest expression of condolence. 
4 49 



©encalogical l5ccorD0 of dEicorgc ^mall 



" Rcsoh'cd, That the secretary of this board be requested to enter these pro- 
ceedings on the minutes of the Company, and a copy be transmitted to the family 
of the deceased. 

"Jacob L. Kuehn, Secretary." 

RESOLUTIONS OF THE YORK COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

York, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1875. " At a meeting of the managers of the 
Society, held at ten o'clock this a.m., the death of Philip A. Small was announced, 
when after expressions of sympathy by members of the board, the following was 
unanimously adopted : 

" We record this morning in profound grief the absence of our worthy senior 
vice-president, Philip A. Small, whose seat at this board has been so seldom 
vacant. One of the founders of this Society, Mr. Small has ever manifested 
an abiding interest in its purpose and prosperity, and in his characteristic 
promptness and liberality in the support of measures adopted for its manage- 
ment. 

" When at our last gathering, we agreed to meet in council here to-day. 
how little did we contemplate the event of an esteemed fellow-member being 
brought to his ' appointed time" to humble us in the deepest exercise of our 
sympathies and sorrow, as the first appropriate duties of this morning's meeting. 
It is 

" Rcsohrd, That by the death of Philip A. Small the York County Agricul- 
tural Society has lost from its roll a highly respected, energetic, upright, and 
enterprising member and an active and efficient officer. 

" That the business office of the Society be draped in mourning for thirty 
days in respect to his memory. 

" That the officers of this Society attend his funeral in a body. 

" That we most truly and sincerely condole with the surviving family and 
friends of the deceased, in their severe bereavement. 

" That this action of the hoard be entered on the minutes and 

" That it be communicated to the family of the deceased. 

" W. S. Roland, Secretary." 

RESOLUTIONS OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE YORK COUNTY NATIONAL BANK. 

" At a meeting of the directors of the York County National Bank, held on 
Saturday, April 3, 1875, the death of the venerable president of the institution, 
Philip A. Small, Esq.. was announced. After the expression of sympathy on the 
part of the members of the board, the following resolutions were unanimously 
adopted : 

" Resoh'cd. That the death of our esteemed president, who performed the 
duties of the honorable position which he has filled for more than fifteen years, 
with extraordinary ability and fidelity, is not only a loss to our institution but to 
the community, of which he was an active and useful member. 

so 



(Genealogical BccorDjs of dBieorge ^mall 

" In our official and personal intercourse with him, we on all occasions found 
him considerate and courteous in his demeanor, and punctual and conscientious 
in the discharge of every duty that devolved upon him. He is now gone to reap 
the reward of a well-spent life, ' full of years and full of honors,' — lamented by 
a large circle of friends and relatives — but he has left behind him an example 
of an honest career, which is in itself a precious legacy to those who live after 
him. His vacant place at our Board will be to us a perpetual memorial of his 
living actions and an admonition of the certainty of death. 

" Resolved, That as a mark of their high esteem for their deceased president, 
the members of this board will attend his funeral in their official capacity. 

" Resolved, That these resolutions be entered on the minutes of the board, 
and that the cashier be requested to publish them in the papers of the borough, 
and transmit a copy to the family of the deceased. 

" James A. Schall, Secretary." 

A TRIBUTE OF RESPECT. 

" The undersigned, a few of the employees, in years gone by, of the firm 
of P. A. & S. Small, desire to express their unfeigned sorrow for the loss they 
and the entire community have sustained in the death of their friend P. A. 
Small, Esq., senior member of the firm. 

" Familiar intercourse during years of service gave them opportunity of 
observing, and of now bearing testimony to, the ability, thorough integrity, and 
entire honesty of the firm, the loss of whose senior member we are now called 
upon sorrowfully to deplore. 

" Tendering to the family our deep sympathy in their affliction, we beg to 
subscribe ourselves their friends and servants. 

" G. H. Small. Matthew Tyler. 

D. E. Small. H. D. Schmidt. 

John H. Small. Jos. G. Small. 

T. C. Smyser. J. Bastress. 

Geo. H. Leber. C. F. Winter. 

Wm. Chambers. John B. Welsh. 

Lewis Jordy. Michael Schall. 

Wm. Becker. Isaac Elliot. 

J. M. Smyser. James H. Hause. 

C. H. Stallman. R. L. Shetter." 

WILL OF PHILIP A. SMALL. 

" I, Philip A. Small, of the Borough of York, Pennsylvania, do make this 
my last will and testament, hereby revoking and annulling any and every will 
heretofore made by me at any time. 

" The house and lot now occupied by me, situated at the northeast corner 
of the intersection of Main and Duke Streets, in the Borough of York, and the 

SI 



(Dicncalogical ISccorDjs of (Bcorge ^mall 

lot on the east side of North Duke street with a small house thereon erected, 
adjoining the Moravian Church property on the south, I give and devise to my 
wife, Sarah L. Small, for and during her life, and at her decease I give the 
use of said real estate to such of my daughters as shall not have been married, 
so long as they shall live unmarried. On the marriage of any one of them the 
right of use above given to her shall cease, and her sister or sisters, who shall 
continue unmarried, shall enjoy the whole of said real estate so long as they 
or any of them shall continue unmarried ; my intention being to secure a com- 
fortable home and support to such of my daughters as shall choose to remain 
single, and I desire my unmarried daughter or daughters after the decease of 
my said wife, to continue to occupy and use the above described real estate so 
long as any of them shall live unmarried. On the marriage of all my daughters, 
or on the decease of the last of my unmarried daughters (should my wife be 
then deceased), the real estate above described shall go to my three sons, George, 
W. Latimer and Samuel absolutely. 

" My carriages and horses and all my household and kitchen furniture, I give 
to my said wife absolutely. Out of the residue of my estate I direct my execu- 
tors to invest in safe securities enough money to produce annually the sum of 
six thousand dollars, and I direct my executors to pay to my said wife, the said 
sum of six thousand dollars annually so long as she shall live, in such sums 
and at such times, during each and every year as she shall desire to receive the 
same. 

" I give and devise to my daughter Cassandra, wife of Dr. A. R. Blair, the 
house and lot now occupied by her at the corner of Duke and Philadelphia streets 
in the Borough of York. 

" I give and devise and bequeath to each of my daughters, Anna, Sallie, 
Susan and Mary, wife of W. S. Franklin, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, 
to be paid to each daughter named, by my executors. 

" I give to each of my daughters, Anna, Sallie, Cassie, wife of Dr. A. R. 
Blair, Susan and Mary, wife of W. S. Franklin, the interest on the principal sum 
of forty thousand dollars, to be paid to each daughter, every year, during life, by 
my executors, in such sums, and at such times during each year, as each daughter 
shall desire. The principal sums thus set apart for the use of my daughters are 
not to be paid to my said daughters, but are to be retained by my executors and 
invested at their discretion, during the life of said daughters respectively. Each 
of my said daughters shall be at liberty to dispose of the principal sum set apart 
for her, by her last will and testament, but in no other way ; should any of 
my said daughters die intestate, the principal sum as above set apart for her use, 
shall go to her lawful heirs. 

" All the residue of my estate, real, personal and mixed, wherever situated, 
not hereinbefore devised or bequeathed, I give, devise and bequeath to my three 
sons, George, W. Latimer and Samuel, absolutely. 

" I appoint my three sons, George, W. Latimer and Samuel, the executors 
of this mv last will and testament. 



(Genealogical KecorD0 of (George ^mall 

" Witness my hand this thirtieth day of January, a.d., one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy two. 

(Signed) "P. A. Small. 

" I make this codicil to the foregoing will. After the death of my wife, I 
give my horses and carriages and my household and kitchen furniture to my 
unmarried daughters, and the survivor of them, so long as any of them shall 
live unmarried. 

" Witness my hand this eleventh day of March, a.d., one thousand eight 
hundred and seventy two. 

(Signed) "P. A. Small." 

Witnesses : Edward Chapin and James W. Latimer.* 

Date of death noted on will: " Philip A. Small died on the 3d day of April, 
A.D. 1875, at eight o'clock a.m. of said day." 

Children of Philip Albright and Sarah Bartow Small: 

106. Anna Maria Small'. 

107. George Small', born December 13, 1825; died without issue, April 11, 1891; 

married Mary G. Jackson. 

108. Sarah Bartow Small', born January 27, 1827; died August 28, 1895; unmarried. 

109. Cassandra Morris Small', born November 30, 1828; died August i, 1891; mar- 

ried Dr. Alexander R. Blair. 
no. William Latimer Small', born October 30, 1830; died February 27, 1903; 
married (i) Mary S. Wilson; (2) Kate M. Reilly. 

111. Elizabeth Latimer Small', baptized December 24, 1832; died young. 

112. Susan David Small', born December 31, 1835; died May 21, 1875; unmarried. 

113. Samuel Small', married Frances Ann Richardson. 

114. Philip Albright Small', born May 6, 1841 ; died September 10, 1851. 

115. Mary Campbel Small', married Lieutenant-Colonel Walter S. Franklin. 

80. Samuel Small" (George^ Killian\ Lorentz^ Lorentz=, Lorentz*), 
born at York, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1799; baptized November 3, 1799; wit- 
nesses, Killian and Eva Small ; f died July 14, 1885, without issue ; married, 
March 26, 1834, by Rev. Dr. Cathcart, of York Presbyterian Church, to Isabel 
Cassat, t who died January 17, 1890; daughter of David Cassat, Esq. 

Many of the details of the life of this large-minded and benevolent man 
are included in the notices which appeared after his death, and more particularly 
in the address of Judge Gibson, made on the thirteenth anniversary of the found- 
ing of the York Collegiate Institute. These will be noted in the following pages, 
and in order to prevent undue repetition but little is here given beyond the 
abstracts from the publications of the day. 



• York County Wills, Book Z, p. 343. 

t Records of the German Reformed Church, York, Pennsylvania. 

t York Gazette, April i, 1834. 

S3 



(Kcnealogfcal BccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

Leaving school at the age of sixteen years, Samuel Small began his business 
career by entering the employment of Schultz, Konig & Co., of Baltimore, Mary- 
land. Several years spent with this firm gave them such confidence in his ability 
that he was sent to open a branch store in Pittsburg, and later another one in 
Cincinnati. 

In 1822, at the earnest request of his parents, he returned to York. Here 
he became associated with George S. Morris in the dry-goods business. The 
public was thus notified of the termination of this arrangement on March 10, 
1824 : " The partnership heretofore existing under the firm name of George S. 
Morris and S. Small is this day mutually dissolved. Persons indebted to the firm 
are requested to make immediate payment to either of the subscribers. (Signed) 
George S. Morris, Samuel Small. 

" N. B. — George S. Morris becoming sole proprietor of the store, requests 
the patronage of his former friends and customers." * 

The York Gazette of June 28, 1825, announced that Samuel Small had been 
received into the firm of George Small & Sons. 

From the time of his return to York, Samuel Small's interest in the advance- 
ment and improvement of the community were evident. In December, 1822, he 
was one of a committee to solicit subscriptions for a reading-room, and on the 
24th of the same month he was made secretary of the Library Association.! 

In 1823 he was one of the non-commissioned officers of the Pennsylvania 
Volunteers. % 

In 1826 he was an active member of the Resolution Hose Company, and in 
183 1 was made treasurer of the Codorus Navigation Company, which office he 
held for a number of years. § 

At a meeting held in the court-house in York, on October 4, 1831, for the 
purpose of ofifering sympathy and assistance to the people of Poland in their 
struggle for freedom, Sanuiel Small was one of three appointed to draft the 
resolutions. || 

He was appointed, September 26, 1848, one of the directors of the York and 
Cumberland Railroad.^ 

June 2, 1849, Samuel Small and William S. Roland gave notice of a Penn- 
sylvania State Temperance Convention.** 

A union for the sake of union public meeting was called on December 31, 
1850, at the court-house by Samuel Small and others. ft 

February i, 1853, at a railroad convention held at York, the meeting was 
called to order by Samuel Small. On his motion a committee of five was 
appointed to report permanent officers for the convention. He was made a 
member of this committee and also of one to report resolutions. jj 

May 24, 1853, Samuel Small was a director of the York Loan and Building 
Association. §§ 

April 4, 1854, he was a director of the North Lebanon Railroad, and in the 



* York Gazette. t Ibid. % York Recorder, Febru.nry 4, 1823. J York C^zette. 

II Ibid. II Ibid. ** Ibid. ft Ibid. H Ibid. J? Ibid. 

54 




SAMUEL SMALL 
No. 80 



dD-enealogical BecorDji of (B-corgc ^mall 

same year was one of a committee to receive subscriptions for the York, Dills- 
burg, Shippensburg, and Greencastle Railroad.* 

November i, 1859, the firm of Myers & Small was dissolved on account of 
the death of Christopher F. Myers. The other members were P. A. and S. Small 
and Henry Latimer. The business was continued by Charles F. Reehling. 

Samuel Small was for many years ruling elder of the First Presbyterian 
Church, to which he contributed generously. 

In 1865, with Charles A. Morris and others, Samuel Small established a 
home for orphan children. (See Appendix.) 

In 1868 Samuel Small was nominated for Congress, at which time was sent 
to him the following letter, with its long list of signatures, urging his acceptance: 

" York, August 26, 1868. 
" Samuel Small, Esq.: 

" Dear Sir, — The undersigned Republicans, of York borough and vicinity, 
have learned with great gratification of your unanimous nomination for Congress 
by the conferees representing the three counties of this district. Permit us to 
urge you not to decline this nomination. With you for our candidate, we can go 
into the canvass with the utmost confidence. Your name has already excited 
great enthusiasm in the party — even beyond our hopes ; and with you on our 
ticket we can make greater inroads into the ranks of the opposition than with 
that of any other man in the party. Your acceptance will encourage the already 
active and enthusiastic ; will reanimate the timid and fearful, and will contribute 
far more than you imagine, to the strength of our party in this vital contest. 

" Do, then, permit us to have the satisfaction of supporting you for our 
representative in the Forty-first Congress. Your refusal now to accept would be 
disastrous. It would discourage, distract, and divide us, and probably diminish 
the vote on the general ticket many hundreds. 

" Excuse our persistence. Nothing but the importance of the contest and 
the vital consequence to a successful canvass of this district of your name induces 
this urgency. 

(Signed) " Abram Forry. Henry B. Schroeder. 

J. H. Menges. C. H. Weigle. 

George H. Maish. A. Gartman. 

W. H. Griffith. E. A. Barnitz. 

William Danner. Jordan & Brother. 

William D. Elliot. E. A. King. 

Charles C. Spangler. I. M. Brown. 

George Hay. Alex. J. Frey. 

William Frysinger. C. E. Lewis. 

Hantz & Brother. M. C. Carroll. 

John Fahs. John A. Weakley. 

Stephen Keefer. H. W. McCall. 



* York Gazette. 

55 



(Genealogical EecorDjS of CDfeorge ^mall 



J. W. Free. 
A. N. Shettely. 
John L. Kuehn. 
Luke R. Rouse. 
Root & C.^se. 
J. B. Kepner. 
N. H. She.\rer. 
J. R. Busser. 
Jas. a. Schall. 
Geo. Strickler. 

D. Beaverson. 
Isaac Rudisill. 
James A. Stahle. 
John M. Hammel. 
John Myers. 
Michael Hoffman. 
Jacob King. 

W. F. Siietter. 
William H. Lanius. 
William Denues. 
Ben. F. Frick. 
Eli Broebaugh. 
R. K. Allison. 
Solomon Myers. 
Michael Smyser. 
Wm. H. Eisenhart. 
H. L. Neuman. 
Martin Ebert. 
R. S. Slaym.^ker. 
William A. Spangler. 

E. C. Lauman. 
Jacob Weist. 
Peter Weist. 
Thomas Bennett. 
Michael Weist. 
E. C. Weist. 
Jno. B. Oswald. 
John F. Durr. 
Henry Lanius. 

C. Henderson. 
S. Spangler. 
W. H. Welsh. 
J. R. Davis. 

J. C. LiNTVVEILER. 

S6 



CiiAS. T. Barnitz. 
Geo. a. Heckert. 
Wm. M. Kauffman. 
John V. Beck. 
W. Wagner. 

S. H. FORRY. 

John T. Frick. 
H. A. Ebert. 
Peter Laucks. 

David . 

Alex. Wentz. 
Chas. a. Klinefelter. 
George J. Shetter. 
D. F. Williams. 
Augustus Laucks. 
Philip Eichelberger. 
Henry Loucks. 
J. J. Frick. 
John Kraber. 
Benjamin Allison. 
H. S. Smyser. 
Lewis Wampler. 
T. C. Smyser. 
Amos Rupert. 
John Wanbaugh. 
Samuel R. Slaymaker. 
George Kable. 
William Shermeyer. 
John Schall. 
David Emmit. 
Thomas Owen. 
Lewis Shive. 
W. W. Smith. 
W. F. Bosser. 
George W. Neff. 
Luther T. Deininger. 
James W. Latimer. 
W. M. Baum. 
Eli Kindig. 
Henry Smyser. 
Amos Baughman. 
Frederick Baugher. 
Baugher & Bro. 
D. E. Small." 



cefcncalogical asccorDjS of (0corgc ^mall 

The nomination was thus commented upon by the press: 

" The nomination of Colonel Samuel Small as the Republican candidate for 
Congress in the Fifteenth District of Pennsylvania cannot fail to produce a revolu- 
tion in that strong Democratic district. There is no man in York or the adjoin- 
ing counties so universally and justly popular as Colonel Small with both Repub- 
licans and Democrats. He has been the faithful financial and business agent of 
a large mass of the farmers of the district for forty years past, including the 
fathers and grandfathers of some of them. In all this period no man has ever 
lost a dollar by him, or been defrauded of a farthing. He has been virtually 
the farmers' banker. An amusing incident we heard of him some years since, 
during a financial revulsion, when everybody was supposed to be bankrupt, will 
illustrate his standing among the people. The farmers had been accustomed 
to send him their grain, and leave the money in his hands on interest until such 
times as they might want it. At the time to which we allude, several German 
farmers came to York greatly excited and demanded their money. In a few 
minutes it was on the counter in gold and silver, principal and interest. They 
looked at the money, looked at one another, and then pushed it back, refusing to 
receive it, remarking that they came to see if it was all right, and were satisfied. 
In short, he had been the friendly adviser of all parties, and even Democratic 
party drill cannot force all of its votaries to vote against ' Uncle Sammy,' as 
he is always kindly spoken of by the people of the district." 

In 1873 Samuel Small founded and endowed the York Collegiate Institute, 
and in December, 1879, '^00'^' steps towards the establishment of the York Hos- 
pital and Dispensary, both of which have grown and increased in usefulness to 
the present day.* 

Among the positions of trust held by Samuel Small may be noted that he 
was appointed guardian for Robert and Annie Coleman, the latter of whom 
afterwards married Archibald Rogers, of New York. They were children of 
William Coleman, of Cornwall, Pennsylvania ; and under his good manage- 
ment the estate, during the minority of the children, increased by nearly half a 
million of dollars. 

These records of an active life were followed by the announcement of the 
death of Samuel Small on July 14, 1885, aged eighty-four years, eleven months, 
and twenty days. The day of his burial was observed by a general suspension 
of business and universal exhibition of grief. It was said at the time that " He 
occupied a larger place in the public estimation, was more loved and respected 
throughout the community, left in his death a greater vacancy, and was more 
missed than any other individual in his citv or county ever had been or ever 
could be." t 

The passing away of one so useful and beloved naturally called forth many 
tributes to his memory, of which are the following: 



* For full accounts of these institutions, see Appendi.t. 

t Historical Cyclopaedia of the Nineteenth Congressional District of Pennsylvania, p. 181. 

57 



(Genealogical BecorDjs of George ^mall 

" The announcement yesterday afternoon of the death of Samuel Small 
brought sadness and gloom to the entire community. Especially to the poor and 
orphaned the loss is irreparable. To the bereaved widow and relatives there is 
extended a universal sympathy. Mr. Small had been hovering at death's door 
for several days, and his life having been extended beyond the usual period of 
human existence, his early dissolution was not entirely unexpected. Afflicted 
with no organic disease, his death was the result of the gradual wearing out 
of the vital tissues of the body. His conscience was void of offence toward 
God and man. His last intelligible words were spoken early in the morning, 
indicating his willingness to go, having finished work. He then relapsed into 
unconsciousness, and his thought gave way to sleep, — sleep until the resurrection 
morn. The angel stood by the bedside of this aged man with that summons 
which no man may disobey. He found him with his loins girded, his staff in 
his hand, and his lamp trimmed and burning. . . . 

" At the age of sixteen Samuel Small went to Baltimore and into the employ- 
ment of Konig & Co., who, soon recognizing his abilities, sent him west to 
Pittsburg to open a branch store. Here he made a new departure by moving 
his stock of goods to a flat-boat which he floated down the Ohio, stopping at 
points on the river to make sales. He landed at Cincinnati, rented a store and 
put in his stock of goods. Here he received a letter from his father urging 
his return to York. About 1826 he returned home, having sold out his store in 
Cincinnati, and engaged with George S. Morris in a dry-goods store on the 
property now occupied by the York County Bank. 

" In 1833 his father, desiring to retire from business, sold out his interest 
to Philip and Samuel, and then the firm of P. A. & S. Small was born, July i, 
1833, and has since continued the honorable career without misadventure on 
' Small's corner.' 

" In 1836 the completion of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad to 
Baltimore enabled the firm to commence grain business, buying and shipping 
grain to Baltimore, which was since then enlarged into a heavy flour trade 
with Rio Janeiro and other South American ports. In 1838 the iron business, 
then growing into importance, was commenced, first at Manor Furnace, York 
County, then Sarah Furnace, Harford County, Maryland, and afterwards at 
Ashland, Maryland, where, with Messrs. E. and J. Patterson, they erected three 
furnaces. 

" Mr. Small's charities have been large. He, with the late Charles A. Morris 
and others, founded ' The Children's Home,' of York, where fatherless and 
motherless, or deserted and friendless children, have been cared for, and after- 
wards followed into the world with his fatherly oversight. 

" The York Collegiate Institute also owes its foundation to him. Here he 
endeavored to found an institution where the formation of individual Christian 
character would be the first aim. He endowed it liberally and provided a fund 
called the * Coleman Scholarship Fund,' to assist young men in their preparatory 
studies for the ministry. 

58 



©encalogtcal JSecorDjs of (Eieorgc ^mall 

" He also, with others, established the York Hospital and Dispensary. 

" No obelisk of marble is needed to commemorate his name. These are his 

monuments. 

" ■ Si monumentum requiris, circumspice.' 

" Early in life he united himself with his father's church, — the German 
Reformed. Later he became a member and a ruling elder in die Presbyterian 
church where, in the Sunday-school, and in the prayer-meetings, while in health, 
his seat was never vacant. 

" The poor found in him a sympathizing friend, and many will miss his 
constant supervision of their needs. His great dislike of all mention of his chari- 
ties, makes us hesitate to do more than simply refer to them. 

" During his last years Mr. Small did not take an active participation in the 
varied and extensive business of his firm. All this was igtrusted to his nephews, 
who, however, on important occasions always sought the aid of his ripe judg- 
ment, wide experience and clear conception of the right. 

" Mr. Small during his active business career was a man of remarkable and 
persistent industry. Coupled with this extreme industry was a mind that was 
well balanced ; an honest mind ; a mind that desired to reach absolute honesty 
in every relation of his business. The result of this was that he became an 
eminent and successful business man in whose integrity everybody trusted. His 
daily walk was made to conform, in all respects, to his conviction of right and 
duty. His life was in the highest degree pure and blameless, — industriously 
devoted to good work, and shedding an ennobling influence on the community 
in which it was spent. Having well discharged the duties of life, he has gone 
to that reward which is in store for the good and faithful servant. 

" ' Age sat with decent grace upon his visage, 
And worthily became his silver locks; 
He wore the marks of many years well spent. 

Of virtue, truth well tried, and wise e.xperience.' " 

" DEATH OF SAMUEL SMALL. THE END OF A USEFUL AND HONORABLE LIFE. 

" We are called upon to-day to chronicle an event which has caused a feeling 
of sadness and genuine regret to every citizen of this town. There is scarcely 
a fireside in the borough of York that does not feel that, as a community, we 
have met with an irreparable loss ; and there is a general mourning in our midst 
in consequence of the visitation of the death angel. A great and good man has 
been taken away from among us — one who, it is true, has passed the years usually 
allotted to man ; yet his was such a goodly life, such a useful citizenship, such 
a generous, self-sacrificing spirit, that his loss is more than ordinarily felt. Our 
town wears a mourning air, for there is a deep-seated grief depicted upon every 
countenance for the loss of the great and good man whose departure from earth 
to the mansions above we so much deplore to-day. 

" The announcement that ' old Mr. Samuel Small is dead' caused a wide- 

59 



cEiencalogical EccorDji of CSJcorgc ^mall 

spread feeling of sorrow and regret. His noble and kindly spirit passed away 
calmly and peacefully as the setting of a summer's sun upon a clear sky, his 
goodly life and generous deeds reflecting a halo of glory around his dying couch 
like the golden tinges of a gorgeous sunset. 

" Samuel Small was a great man, in his way of greatness, and such a one 
as the borough of York can ill afford to lose. His was not the ambition 
that stalked in the path of glory, of deeds of prowess, of political honors, or 
of anything that tended to self-aggrandizement, as is so usual to mankind. 
But his greatest ambition was to serve God and use the blessings which his 
Creator gave him, to ameliorate the condition of his fellow-man and make 
happy the poor and less favorably situated of his fellow-creatures. He was 
in the full sense of the term a charitable Christian gentleman, a statement 
which we make in all honesty and without the least attempt at adulation. 
He was a man that did not use the cloak of religion for vantage in business, 
for ulterior or base purposes, but from a conscientious sense of duty and love 
for his Maker. 

" He was not only successful in business, but a man of wonderful business 
capacity, and amassed a handsome fortune by a devoted energy to his business 
duties in all their details and the most scrupulous honesty and integrity in his 
dealings. It pleased God to prosper him, and out of this prosperity he dispensed 
charity with a lavish hand. Many a poor struggling young man has received a 
helping hand from him to start them upon the rugged journey of life, and there 
are few if any families of this town who have felt the need of aid that did not 
become the recipients of his bounty. His acts of kindness were not made a 
show and parade of, but most of his greatest deeds of charity and generosity 
were done in the spirit of true Christianity and on the principle of not letting 
the right hand know what the left doeth. He was of a kind and sociable dis- 
position, easy to approach, and knowing no distinction between rich and poor 
in his associations. 

" His death leaves an aching void in this community. His place is hard to 
fill, and our worthy poor have lost in his death, a friend whose departure they 
will keenly feel. While the deceased may have possessed faults like the rest of 
mankind, we believe his virtues were so numerous, that his faults, if he pos- 
sessed any, were overshadowed by his goodness and generosity. It can be truth- 
fully said of him, ' this man was indeed a philanthropist.' 

" His death like his life was peaceful and calm. He lived out the days more 
than is usually allotted to man, and his life passed away like the flickering rays 
of an expiring candle. 

" Not only do his friends and relatives have cause to mourn this beloved 
man's death, but the church and the community have sustained a loss which 
never can be repaired. Peace to his ashes." 

" The firm of P. A. & S. Small is a name known wherever the name of 
York has been heard of, and as the death of Mr. Samuel Small takes away the 
last of the original members of that firm, we publish herewith a short biographical 

60 



CPencalogical BccorDjs of cKcorge ^mall 

sketch of the deceased's business life, and formations of the firm of P. A. & S. 
Small, which is as follows : 

" BIOGRAPHY. 

" Samuel Small was born in York, July 25, 1799, and was the son of George 
Small. His great-grandfather, Lawrence Small, came to this country from 
Gennany, a widower, prior to 1757, with his family, consisting of four sons and 
two daughters, the elder of whom, Killian Small, settled in York, where he 
begat seven sons, — Jacob, John, George (father of Samuel), Joseph, Peter, 
Michael, and Henry. 

" George Small married Anna Maria Albright, a daughter of Philip Albright 
(an officer of the Revolution, whose sword remains in the possession of the 
family), and had four children, — Cassandra, Philip Albright, Samuel, and Alex- 
ander. 

" George became a carpenter, and assisted his brother Peter in building the 
Lutheran church and spire on South George Street. In 1809 he bought for 
£1300 the lot on the corner of Main Street and Centre Square, where he and 
his son Philip opened a hardware store." 

Here follows a sketch of Samuel Small which is a duplicate of one already 
given. It ends as follows : 

" Citizen, friend, servant of Christ, — he has gone to his reward. In York 
he needs no monument." 

WILL OF SAMUEL SMALL. 

" I, Samuel Small of the Borough of York, York County, State of Pennsyl- 
vania, do make and publish and declare this to be my last will and testament, 
hereby revoking making void and no effect, all former Wills by me made at 
any time. 

" Item First. I desire hereby to humbly acknowledge that the earth is 
the Lords and the fulness thereof, and to invoke the guidance and direction of 
my heavenly father, that I may herein so dispose of the earthly estate wherewith 
he has so abundantly blessed me that his honor and glory and the good of man 
may be promoted thereby. 

" Item First. I give and bequeath unto my well beloved wife Isabel C. 
Small all my household and kitchen furniture in my dwelling house of my 
homestead, situate on the northeast corner of Main and Duke streets in said 
Borough of York, and all my carriages, horses, cows, harness, and all my per- 
sonal property of whatsoever kind the same may be in said dwelling house and 
about said homestead at the time of my decease, and all my Rail Road and Bank 
Stocks, standing in my individual name and also Thirty thousand dollars, which 
said sum of money I desire my executors herein after named invest in some safe 
interest bearing securities for my said wife, the investment of said sum of money, 
however to be at the discretion of my said wife and to be under contract, the 
directions herein given is for the purpose of keeping my said wife from care, 
all my property, mentioned or included in the foregoing of this my will, I give 

61 



(Bcncalogtcal BccorDjS of (Bcotrgc ^mall 

and bequeath unto my said wife absolutely, but should she not make a will and 
die intestate, in such case what she has remaining, I direct my executors to 
dispose of in such a manner as they may agree upon for their own use or other- 
wise. 

" Item Second. I will and bequeath to my well beloved wife Isabel C. 
Small of my real estate as follows, to wit ; The Homestead I now occupy corner 
Market & Duke streets, in said Borough of York with all its appurtenances and 
two lots adjoining said Homestead on the east now occupied by Miss Margaret 
Schriver and James A. Schall together with buildings and appurtenances extend- 
ing from Main Street to a public alley on the North of the same during her 
natural life. 

" Item Third. I will and bequeath to my well beloved wife Isabel C. Small, 
the square of ground I now occupy as a flower and vegetable garden situate on 
the Corner of Duke and Philadelphia street, to hold and dispose of as she may 
think proper. 

" Item Fourth. I will and bequeath unto the Executors of my will herein- 
after named the sum of Eight thousand Dollars ($8000.00) to be invested by 
them in the best and safest interest bearing securities provided I have not in my 
life made the investment, the interest thereof to be paid to the Trustees of the 
Childrens Home for the Borough and County of York which I have assisted 
and maintained for the Poor and destitute children of the Borough and County 
of York, provided however if said Children's Home should cease to exist or if it 
should be changed from the uses and purposes for which it was instituted and 
has been maintained, either by Legislature enactment, or by other means what- 
soever, then and in that case, the Executors of this my will, shall cease to pay 
over the interest of said sum of Eight thousand dollars to the trustees of said 
home and it is my will and I hereby order and direct that the interest of said 
sum shall be paid by my executors to the Trustees of the York Collegiate Insti- 
tute as a further endowment, provifled it is still in existence and likely to 
continue, if not then my executors shall put said sum to some other worthy 
object in our midst based on the same religious principles. 

" Item Fifth. I will and bequeath to the American Bible Society in the City 
of New York of which I now am a Life Director the sum of Two thousand 
Dollars $2000.00, to be paid in Installments of Five hundred dollars till all is 
paid with interest at the rate of four per cent per annum. 

" Item Sixth. I will and bequeath unto direction of the Board of Home 
Missions of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the LTnited 
States now located at Center Street New York Two thousand dollars ($2000.00). 

" Item Seventh. I will and bequeath to the Board of Foreign Missions of 
the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the LTnited States the sum 
of Two thousand dollars (2000.00). 

" Item Eighth. I will and bequeath to the Ministerial Relief Fund of the 
General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the United States One thousand 
dollars ($1000.00). 4 

62 



Cienealogical KccorDjs of (Beorge ^mall 



" Item Ninth. I will and bequeath to the American Tract Society, located 
in the City of New York, one thousand dollars ($1000.00). 

'■ Item Tenth. Whereas having transferred to the Trustees of the York 
Collegiate Institute of which I am the Founder, Fifty Thousand Dollars, intended 
as a permanent fund in Bonds of the Columbia, Augusta and Wilmington Rail 
Road, the value of which has so depreciated that at present no income has come 
so far from that source, but still made up by me, also ten thousand dollars of same 
bonds given to said Institute as the Coleman Scholarship Fund. It is my will 
that said Bonds shall be made whole with other securities bearing interest at 
not less than five per cent per annum, provided always that said Collegiate 
Institute, shall still continue as originally intended by me, if not then this shall 
cease. I trust however that the York Collegiate Institute will be continued. 

" Item Eleventh. I will and bequeath to my well beloved wife Isabel C. 
Small my share in Willow Brook now occupied by P. A. & S. Small, situated on 
the North-side of the Codorus Creek during her natural life. 

" Item Twelfth. I will and bequeath to my nieces, daughters of my brother 
Philip deceased, viz. Anna Maria Small, Sallie B. Small, Cassandra M. wife of 
Doctor A. R. Blair, and Mary Campbell wife of Walter S. Franklin each the 
sum of Four thousand Dollars ($4000.00) respectively. 

" Item Thirteenth. I will and bequeath to my well beloved wife Isabel C. 
Small such dividends as may be declared by the Ashland Iron Company of 
Baltimore County Maryland during life. 

" I hereby nominate, constitute and appoint George Small now of Balti- 
more, William Latimer Small and Samuel Small of York the Executors of this 
my will and testament. 

Item Fourteenth. The rest and residue of my Real and personal Estate not 
heretofore disposed of or which I may dispose of in a Codicil which may be 
added to this my will, including my Homestead and the Lots adjoining with all 
the appurtenances at and after the death of my said wife. I give and bequeath to 
my nephews George Small, William Latimer Small & Samuel Small sons of my 
late Brother Philip to be used and enjoyed and disposed of as they in their best 
judgment may think best. As God in his goodness and mercy blest their Father 
and me in a long course of active business in which I am happy to say they have 
borne an important part in late years, so may it please God in his good Mercy to 
bless them and their sisters and family, and I give and grant to them full power and 
authority to sell and transfer any of my estate that may be necessary to sell or 
convey to carry out the provisions of this my will, and to make and deliver good 
deed or deeds of conveyance of my real estate to the purchasers thereof that they 
may desire to sell. 

" In witness whereof, I Samuel Small the testator have hereunto set my 
hand and seal this Fourteenth day of May in the year of our Lord and Savior 
Eighteeen hundred and Eighty." 

(Signed) " S.-^ml. Small." [seal] 

Witnesses : H. H. Jacobs, S. B. Gensler and William Schatzberger. 

63 



(Efcncalogtcal laccorDjs of (ie»corac ^mall 

" I Samuel Small add the following as a Codicil to my Will. I will & 
bequeath to my well beloved wife Isabel the share I possess in Willow Brook 
North side of Codorus as long as she lives. 

" I will and bequeath to my friend David Fahs one thousand dollars to be 
expended for the relief of the Poor of York to be paid to him in Installments to 
continue so long as he is able to attend to the poor after which payments are to 
cease. 

" 1884, April 18, I add this a Codicil to my will. I will and bequeath to my 
well beloved wife Isabel the Dividends coming to me from my Rail Road Stocks 
so long as she lives. 

" Witness my hand and seal this 18 April 1884. 

(Signed) " S.\ml. Small." [seal] 

Witnesses : S. B. Gensler and J. M. Strevig.* 

The date of death is noted on the will thus : 

" Samuel Small died on the 14th day of July, a.d. 1885, at or about the hour 
of 1.25 o'clock P.M. of said day." 

A portrait of Samuel Small, three-quarters length, painted by Dabour, of 
New York, hangs in the Collegiate Institute at York. Another, by Deigendisch, 
is owned by Samuel, son of Philip A. Small. 

The widow of Samuel Small survived him several years. The follow- 
ing notice of her funeral is found in the York Gazette of Tuesday, January 21, 
1890. 

" The funeral of Mrs. Isabel C, widow of the late Samuel Small, Sr., took 
place yesterday afternoon at 3.30 p.m., from her late residence on East Market 
Street, and was largely attended by relatives and friends. Interment took place 
in the Presbyterian burying grounds at the First Presbyterian Church." 

WILL OF MRS. SAMUEL SMALL. 

" I, Isabel C. Small, of the City of York and County of York, and State of 
Pennsylvania, being of sound and disposing mind, memory and understanding, 
and being desirous of finally disposing of all property wherewith it has pleased 
Almighty God to intrust me, do make and publish this my last will and testament, 
making void all former wills by me, at any time heretofore made. 

" And first, I give and bequeath unto such person or persons, body or bodies 
corporate, and their successors in the trust herein created, as shall be designated 
and appointed by my executors hereinafter named, in whom I vest full 
power and authority to make such appointments, the sum of Thirty thousand 
Dollars, ($30,000.) to be held by such appointee or appointees, and their suc- 
cessors as aforesaid, in trust, nevertheless safely and securely to invest the same. 
in sound interest-bearing securities, and annually forever to pay over the yearly 



* York County Will?. Rook D D, p. 196. 
(34 



CB^cncalogtcal mecorDjs of dDfeorgc ^mall 

interest arising therefrom or accruing thereon to the Trustees of the Children's 
Home at York, Penn'a., incorporated February 2nd, a.d., 1865. 

" I further give and bequeath unto such person or persons, body or bodies 
corporate, and their successors in the trust herein created, as shall be designated 
and appointed by my executors hereinafter named, in whom I vest full power and 
authority to make such appointment, the sum of Thirty Thousand Dollars, 
($30,000) to be held by such appointee or appointees, and their successors as 
aforesaid, in trust, nevertheless safely and securely to invest the same in sound 
interest-bearing securities, and annually forever to pay over the yearly interest 
arising therefrom or accruing thereon unto the Trustees of the York Collegiate 
Institute in the Borough of York, Penn'a., incorporated the 27th day of August, 
A.D., 1873. 

" I give and bequeath unto the Presbyterian Board of Relief, for disabled 
ministers and the widows and orphans of deceased ministers, the sum of Ten 
Thousand Dollars, ($10,000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby- 
terian Church of the United States of America, the sum of Five thousand Dollars, 
($5000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian 
Church of the United States of America, incorporated April 19th, 1872 by Act 
of the Legislature of the State of New York, the sum of Five thousand Dollars, 
($5000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the American Sunday School Union the sum of 
One thousand Dollars, ($1000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the American Tract Society the sum of One 
thousand Dollars. ($1000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the Pennsylvania Bible Society the sum of One 
thousand Dollars, ($1000). 

" I give and bequeath unto the Lincoln LTniversity of Chester County, 
Penn'a., the sum of Four thousand Dollars, ($4000). to be invested by the 
proper authorities thereof in sound interest-bearing securities, the interest 
whereof shall be annually, forever, applied to the support and education of at 
least one student at said University. 

" I give and bequeath unto George H. Sprigg, of York, Pa., and upon his 
decease or non-acceptance or renunciation of the trust herein created, to his suc- 
cessor or successors therein to be appointed by the Orphans' Court of York 
County, the sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5000) in trust, nevertheless, that 
the same shall be safely and securely invested in sound interest-bearing securi- 
ties and that the interest arising therefrom shall annually be paid to the York 
Benevolent Association, and in case the said Association shall cease to exist then 
to such organization in the City of York as shall have the same object in view," 
to wit : The distribution of material aid and relief to the worthy poor of York. 
And if at any time hereafter the York Benevolent Association shall disband or 
cease to exist and there shall be no similar organization in existence in said City, 

5 65 



(Genealogical HecorD0 of (George ^mall 

then I will and direct that the interest of the said bequest shall be annually dis- 
tributed by my said trustee to and among the poor of York, in such sums and in 
such manner as his sound judgment and good discretion shall dictate. In all 
cases of vacancy occurring in the office of trustee, the Orphans' Court shall select 
and appoint a suitable person to act as trustee, to carry into effect the provisions 
of this bequest, and shall exercise such power of selection and appointment upon 
the petition presented to said Court of the Mayor or the presiding officer of either 
the Select or Common Council of the City of York, setting forth the fact of such 
vacancy. 

" I give and bequeath unto my nephew Samuel Small, for and during his 
life and after his decease to the Trustees of Calvary Presbyterian Church of 
York, Penn'a., the sum of Six thousand Dollars, ($6000) in trast, nevertheless 
safely and securely to invest the same and annually to pay the interest thereof 
to the Treasurer of said Calvary Presbyterian Church to supplement the salary of 
the pastor of said Church. 

" I give and bequeath unto the Calvary Presbyterian Church of York, 
Penn'a., the sum of Four thousand Dollars, ($4000). to be expended in the pur- 
chase of a site for and in the erection of a parsonage for the use and occupation 
of the pastor of said Church. 

" I give and bequeath unto my niece Sallie B. Small, for and during her life 
and after her decease to the Trustees of the Westminster Presbyterian Church of 
York, Penn'a., the sum of Eight thousand Dollars, ($8000). in trust, neverthe- 
less that the same shall be safely and. securely invested and that the interest 
thereof shall be devoted to the maintenance and furtherance of the religious work 
in our midst, now in charge of the said Westminster Presbyterian Church, and 
to the continuance and extention of that work whenever and wherever removed. 

" I give and bequeath unto the Trustees of the Westminster Presbyterian 
Church of York, Penn'a., the sum of Two thousand Dollars, ($2000), to be 
expended in the extention and enlargement of the present church building or 
in the erection of a parsonage for the said Church, as to the said Trustees shall 
seem best. 

" I give and bequeatli unto each of my four cousins, Mrs. Lydia Gardner 
Owen, Mrs. Annie Gardner Smith, Miss Kate Gardner and Miss Mary Gardner, 
daughters of Mary Gardner, late of West Chester, Chester County, Penn'a., de- 
ceased, the sum of Two thousand Dollars, ($2000). 

" I give and bequeath unto my nieces, Cassandra M. Blair, wife of Dr. A. R. 
Blair, of York. York County, Penn'a., and Mary C. S. Franklin, wife of Walter 
S. Franklin, of Baltimore County, Maryland, to each the sum of Two thousand 
Dollars. ($2000). 

" I give and bequeath unto my grandniece, Isabel C. Small, daughter of 
Samuel Small, the sum of Five thousand Dollars, ($5000). 

" I give and bequeath unto Rev. Daniel McClellan Butt and Rev. Jacob Scott 
Butt, both now in Dakota but formerly of York, Penn'a., the sum of One thou- 
sand Dollars, ($1000), each. 

66 



(Bencalogtcal BccotDji of ©corgc ^mall 



" I give and bequeath unto Miss Annie Thornbur)-, of York, Pa., the sum 
of Five hundred Dollars, ($500). 

" I give and bequeath unto Mrs. Lucy Emerson, of Philadelphia, Penn'a., 
widow of the late D. H. Emerson, the sum of Five hundred Dollars, ($500). 

" I give and bequeath unto Miss Mary Anderson, of Philadelphia Pa., daugh- 
ter of the late Tate Anderson of Marietta, Pa., the sum of Five hundred Dollars, 
($500). 

" I give and bequeath unto Lizzie Strevig the sum of Five hundred Dollars, 
($500). 

" I give and bequeath unto the Trustees of the African Methodist Episcopal 
Zion Church, whose church building is situate on East King Street, in the City 
of York, the sum of Five hundred Dollars. ($500). 

" I give and bequeath unto my executors hereinafter named, and their 
successors, the sum of Two thousand Dollars, ($2000), in trust to invest the 
said sum in sound interest-bearing securities, and to apply the interest thereof to 
keeping in good order and repair the burial lot in the Graveyard of the English 
Presbyterian Congregation, in the Borough of York, in which my parents and 
husband are buried, and to maintaining in like good condition the monuments and 
tombstones now or hereafter to be erected thereon and to apply the residue of said 
interest to the payment of the rent of the pew now designated as No. 92 in the 
Church of said Congregation, said pew to be and forever remain free for the use 
of strangers and the poor of the Congregation ; and in case at any time in the 
future the residue of the interest of the above bequest shall be insufficient to pay 
the rental by the Church authorities required for Pew No. 92, then and in such 
case some other desirably located pew is to be selected and the rental thereof is 
to be paid by said residue of interest and the said pew is to forever remain free for 
the uses and purposes above stated. My said executors, or their successors, may 
at any time deliver the said fund or the securities in which the same may be in- 
vested unto the ' Trustees of the English Presbyterian Congregation of the 
Borough of York,' in trust for the uses and purposes above set forth. 

" I give and devise all that lot or tract of ground with its appurtenances 
acquired by me by devise from my late husband, and situate on the South-west 
corner of East Philadelphia street and North Queen street, in the City of York. 
County of York and State of Pennsylvania, which property is bounded on the 
north bv East Philadelphia Street aforesaid, on the east by North Queen street, 
on the south by East Clark Avenue and on the west by North Howard Avenue, 
to my three nieces, Mrs. Margaret C. Freeman, of Washington, D. C. Mrs. Annie 

C. Alden, of the City of New York, and Miss Sarah H. Coleman of Washington, 

D. C, to have and to hold the same, share and share alike, as tenants in common 
to them, the said Margaret C. Freeman. Annie C. Alden and Sarah H. Coleman, 
their heirs and assigns forever. 

" It is my will and I hereby direct that all collateral inheritance taxes, which 
shall be payable to the State of Pennsylvania, on any bequest or devise herein- 
before given, bequeathed or devised shall be paid by my executors hereinafter 

67 



(Bcncalogtcal KccorDsJ of d^corgc ^mall 

named out of the residuary estate, and all said bequests and devises ip this my last 
will and testament contained shall be given and paid to my legatees and devisees 
in full, free and clear of all such collateral taxes. 

" And as touching all the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, real, 
personal and mixed, that I may have at the time of my decease, of whatsoever 
kind and wheresoever situate, I give, devise and bequeath the same to my three 
nephews, George Small, W. Latimer Small and Samuel Small, and to the survivors 
and survivor of them, to dispose of in such manner and such terms and to such 
persons or bodies corporate as to them or him shall seem best, trusting everything 
to their sound judgment and wise discretion. 

" And lastly I do nominate and appoint my said three nephews, George Small, 
W. Latimer Small and Samuel Small, to be the executors of this my last will and 
testament and to effectuate mv intention with regard to my residuary estate and 
the disposition thereof ; I do hereby vest in my said executors full power and 
authority to sell and dispose of my real estate (not hereinbefore otherwise de- 
vised) at public or private sale, in fee simple or otherwise howsoever and to make 
good and sufficient deeds therefor in as full and large a manner and in every 
respect as I could myself do if living. 

" In witness whereof, I, Isabel C. Small, the testatrix, having to this my 
last will and testament, contained in this and the nine foregoing pages, set my 
hand and seal this 23rd day of July, A. D., 1888." 

(Signed) " Is.abel C. Sm.\ll." 

Witnesses: J. W. Strevig and George A. Shctrone.* 

81. Alexander Small" (George', Killian*, Lorentz', Lorentz^, Lorentz'), 
born March 8. 1805; died June 8. 1862; unmarried. He was baptized in 
the German Reformed Church of York by Rev. George Geistweit. At the age 
of sixteen he graduated from St. Mary's College, Maryland, and entered the 
medical department of the LTniversity of Maryland, receiving his degree in 1824. 
For eight years thereafter he practised in York, his office being next to the 
store of George Small & Sons. 

Dr. Small began early to take an active interest in politics. He first appears 
in this connection as member of a committee appointed by the York Democrats at 
a meeting held in the court-house on August 2, 1830, the committee's dutv being 
to draft and report the resolutions of the meeting. Between 1831 and 1833 he was 
a director of the poor : and in the poor-house account publislicd in the Gazette of 
March i, 183 1, he appears with Dr. Mcllvain as official physician, the amount 
due him at the time being one hundred dollars ; the same amount is also stated 
as due him in the Gazette of February 21, 1832. The Gazette of November 8. 
183 1, annoimces him as staff surgeon of the Ninety-fourth Regiment in the 
United States army. Again, on August 7, 1832. he appears as a member of a 
committee appointed by the Democratic Republicans of York, to draft the resolu- 



Yoik Wills, Book 2 F. p ^42 
68 




ALEXANDER SMALL 
No. Si 



(Genealogical ISecovD;^ of George ^mall 

tions of their meeting held at the court-house. In July, 1833, he was a member 
of a meeting held for the purpose of inviting President Jackson to visit York on 
his return to Washington; and on March 4, 1834, was made auditor of York 
County. 

The next year Dr. Small was thoroughly launched into political life, being 
nominated for Senator on September 3, 1835, by the Democratic County Con- 
vention. During that year he was one of the committee of correspondence for 
York County, appointed by the Lewistown committee in the Democratic Con- 
vention, and was also appointed by the act of the last session of the Legislature of 
1835 ^^ incorporate a company to build a railroad from Wrightsville to York. 
The Wrightsville and York Railroad Company was organized the same year, and 
he became its Treasurer. 

On April 5, 1836, he was made a delegate to a proposed " Young Men's State 
Convention," to be held in the following July at Philadelphia. 

He also officiated, at a county convention in 1836, on a committee to arrange 
for a York and Lancaster meeting to nominate a Senator. 

On August 16, 1836, the Gazette announces that Dr. Alexander Small had 
put into operation his new saw-mill on the Codorus, three miles from York. 

At a Democratic county meeting on January 8, 1836, Dr. Small was made a 
delegate to a convention to be held at Harrisburg. 

Between 1837 and 1839 '^^ was secretary of the North Ward school district. 

Between the years 1838 and 1840 he was president of the Laurel Fire Com- 
pany of York, his first election being on January 11, 1838. 

At the Democratic State Convention held March 5, 1838, Dr. Small was one 
of the vice-presidents. 

In the year 1838 he was elected a manager of the Codorus Navigation 
Company. 

In the Gubernatorial Convention, March 5, 1838, Dr. Small was made Sena- 
torial Delegate. 

On June 25, 1840, Dr. Small sailed in the ship " Garrick," A. S. Palmer, 
captain, for Liverpool, at which port he landed on the i6th of the following 
month. During his absence he travelled extensively, sending back interesting 
descriptive letters, which were printed in the York Gazette, and may be found 
in full in the Appendix to this volume. 

From the time of his return, in the fall of 1841, the issues of the York press 
give various items of information concerning him. 

November 16, 1841. "Among the candidates to fill the place of State 
Treasurer Gilmore, the present incompetent incumbent, we beg to add the name 
of a sound Democrat and an honest man admirably qualified for the office. We 
refer to Dr. Alexander Small, of York County." 

Alexander Small, candidate for Congress subject to the decision of the 
Democratic County Convention, was nominated September 12, 1843, ''"t w<i5 
defeated by Henry Ness, October 17, 1843.* 



* York Gazette. 
69 



d^cncalogical EccovDjs of ©corgc ^mall 

August 15, 1843. Mechanics' Institute, adjourned meeting (a society for the 
promotion of the Alechanical Arts in the Borough and County of York), Alex- 
ander Small one of the promoters.* 

December 12, 1843. The first Legion of the Democratic Guard; Dr. Alex- 
ander Small one of the sixteen vice-presidents.* 

May 7, 1844. Baltimore Democratic National Convention for nomination of 
President and Vice-President ; Alexander Small delegate from York. 

January 6, 1846. At Democratic Republican meeting held January 5, 1846, 
at court-house, to select delegates to March 4 convention. Senatorial delegates 
selected Dr. Alexander Small.* 

March 5, 1846. Dr. Alexander Small one of the vice-presidents of the Demo- 
cratic Convention at Harrisburg.* 

June 16, 1846. Geiger & Bechtol dissolved partnership.* 

June 23, 1846. Samuel Bechtol and Alexander Small, as Samuel Bechtol & 
Co., continue business of York Foundry.* 

May 2, 1848. A. & K. Small, great sale of lumber at mill.* 

May 22, 1849. Alexander Small one of the commissioners to receive sub- 
scriptions to capital stock of York Gas Company.* 

July 3, 1849. York Gas Company organized with Dr. Alexander Small as 
president.* 

November 5, 1850. Alexander Small, having completed survey of plans of 
town of Goldsboro [named after John Goldsboro, of Delaware, chief engineer of 
York and Cumberland R. R.], ofifers at private sale and at a moderate price, a 
number of building lots.* 

December, 1850. Union for the sake of union public meeting called to be 
held at court-house. Signed by Alexander Small, ct a!.* 

January 20, 1852. Dr. Alexander Small one of the managers of the York 
County Agricultural Society.* 

March 16, 1852. Dr. A. Small, Director of York Water Company.* 

July 13, 1852. Alexander Small one of the committee of York Water Com- 
pany, to receive proposals for construction of reservoir.* 

February i, 1853. Dr. Alexander Small one of the vice-presidents of the 
Railroad Convention at York.* 

October 5, 6, 7. 1853. Dr. Alexander Small on a committee of arrangements 
to hold an Agricultural and Industrial Fair on the Commons.* 

June, 1854. Dr. Alexander Small on committee to receive subscriptions for 
stock of York, Dillsburg. Sbiiipensbnrg and Grecncastle R. R.* 

March 27, 1855. Alexander Small ofifers for sale flouring-mill, saw-mill, 
smut-machines, etc., at Goldsboro, at private sale.* 

1857. At the organization of the York Club, Dr. Small was elected Presi- 
dent.* 

July 2^. 1861. Dr. Alexander Small elected life-member of the Ellsworth 
Zouaves.* 



* York Gazette. 
70 



(Bcncalofitcal BccorDji of C-corgc ^mall 

July, 1861. Dr. Alexander Small, agent of Quartermaster's Department, 
United States army, ofifers for sale a lot of lumber used in erection of barracks 
at Camp Scott and the Fair Grounds.* 

Dr. Small rendered much service in the United States Commissary Depart- 
ment during the early days of the war. 

Died. On Sunday morning (June 8, 1862), Dr. Alexander Small in the 
fifty-eighth year of his age.* 

Resolutions on the death of Dr. Small were passed by Company A, Eighty- 
seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, at Camp Monocacy ; * also by the 
vestry of St. John's Church on June 17, 1862, and by the various corporations 
with which he was associated.* 

Dr. Small was interred in Prospect Hill Cemetery. f 

The York papers give the following obituaries : 

" DE.-\TH OF DR. ALE.X.\NDER SMALL. 

" It is our melancholy task this week to record the death of Dr. Alexander 
Small, of this borough. His illness was for several weeks, during most of which 
time but little hope of his recovery was entertained, and he calmly expired on 
Sunday morning last. 

" Dr. Small . . . graduated at St. Mary's College, Maryland, in 1821, and 
received the degree of M.D. of the University of Maryland, in 1824. He prac- 
tised medicine in York about eight years, but other avocations caused him to 
abandon the practice. 

" He was engaged in the saw-mill and lumber business for about eight years, 
and in 1846 became a partner in the business of an iron foundry. The large 
and handsome buildings, machine shops, etc., erected by this firm (himself and 
Mr. Smyser) are monuments to their enterprise and success. 

" In 1840 he visited Europe, travelling over a large part of the continent 
and passing a winter in Rome. During his absence of about two years he wrote 
a series of interesting letters to the editors of the ' York Gazette.' 

" In 1843 he was a candidate of the Democratic party for Congress, in the 
district composed of York and Adams counties. 

" He was one of the Board of Directors of the Northern Central Railroad 
for several years, and a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal Church uninter- 
ruptedly for thirty-three years. 

" An estimable man and a widely known and valuable citizen, this whole com- 
munity mourns his loss. His genial nature drew to him not only his contem- 
poraries, but a host of friends, young and old alike, within its kindly circle. He 
was eminently public spirited, but his highest praise is that he was ever mindful 
of suffering humanity and of the Divine precept, ' The poor ye have always with 
you ;' and stewarded liberal means with a large heart." 



* York Gazette. 

t Ibid., editorial, June 10, 1862. 

71 



(I5cncal05tcal ISccorDjs of ciScovQC ^mall 



DEATH OF UK. ALEXANDER SMALL. 

" We record, with pain, the death of an active, enterprising, pubhc spirited 
and valuable citizen of our borough. Dr. Alexander Small departed this life on 
Sunday morning last, after an illness of some weeks, in the fifty-eighth year of 
his age. The deceased was a native of York, and was well known and highly 
esteemed throughout the county and State. In this community, where he was 
best known, he had very many ardently attached friends; many will deplore 
his loss as that of a valued friend of high social qualities, many others will miss 
the benefactions so unweariedly extended by that liberal hand which was ever 
' open as the day to melting charity.' His nature forbade him to look unmoved 
upon suffering or want, and the writer of this happens to know of many an 
act of kindness to the needy and unfortunate, which were prompted by the 
benevolent heart of the deceased, and were sedulously kept from the public eye. 
From the eye of One, however, the good deeds were not concealed, nor were the 
generous impulses of our deceased friend's heart unknown to Him, to whom our 
secret thoughts are ever open." 

WILL OF DR. ALEXANDER SMALL. 

" Last will and testament of Dr. Alexander Small, of York, Pa., made this 
26th day of May, A.D., 1862. 

" I, Alexander Small, do make and publish the following as my last will and 
testament : 

" First, I give and bequeath to John Tomes, of William, the sum of One 
Thousand dollars. 

" Second, I give and bequeath to David Slillinger the sum of One Thousand 
dollars. 

" Third, I give and bequeath to Levi Alaish the sum of One Thousand 
dollars. 

" Fourth, I give and bequeath to Mrs. Eliza Gotwalt the sum of Five hun- 
dred dollars. 

" Fifth, I give and bequeath to St. John's Episcopal Church of York, Pa., the 
sum of Five hundred dollars. 

" Sixth, I direct my executors hereinafter named to pay to Killian Small, 
during his life, the sum of Two hundred and forty dollars per annum, payable to 
him at such times as his wants may require the same being done for his necessi- 
ties to the entire exclusion of any debts he may now have or hereafter make, at the 
death of the said Killian I direct that the sum of Two thousand dollars be equally 
divided between liis surviving children. 

" Seventh, I give and bequeath to my brother, Philip A. Small, all the residue 
and remainder of my real and personal estate to be disposed of by him according 
to his judgment. 

" I further direct that the partnership agreement existing between myself and 
E. G. Smyser be carried into effect by my executors. 

72 



genealogical BecorDsi of ©eorge ^mall 

" I hereby appoint Philip A. Small, my executor authorizing him to sell or 
distribute my property and make titles as etlfectually as I could myself. 
" Witness my hand and seal the day and date above mentioned. 

(Signed) " Alexr. Small." [seal] 

Witness: E. G. Smyser. 

The will was admitted to probate June ii, 1862.* 

" Collateral Inventory and appraisement of the estate of Dr. Alexander Small, 
deceased. Filed June 26, 1862, shows : 

Real Estate $21,650.00 

Personal Estate 17,933.11 



Total $39.5831 1 

Date of death of deceased as returned by Appraiser, died June 8, 1862. 

" George Albright, Appraiser." 



€igl)tlj (lE»eneratton 

106. Anna Maria SmalF (Philip A.°, George\ Killian*, Lorentz', Lor- 
entz-, Lorentz'), born at York; baptized August 10, 1823; was educated at the 
York Academy, and resides in the old family mansion in York. 

107. George Small' (Philip A.", Geo^ge^ Killian*, Lorentz^ Lorentz^, 
Lorentz'), born at York, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1825; died April 11, 1891, 
without issue; married, January 13, 1852, Mary Grant Jackson, daughter of 
Colonel William A. Jackson, of Fredericksburg, Virginia. 

The names of those who acted as bridesmaids and groomsmen at this wedding 
have been preserved with the record of the marriage. They were: Miss Cas- 
sandra M. Small (afterwards IMrs. Blair), Miss Elizabeth Dangerfield, Washing- 
ton Yellott, and W. Latimer Small. 

The obituary notices of the death of George Small give a comprehensive 
account of his life. He was president of the Ashland Iron Company; a director 
of the Northern Central Railroad, of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, of 
the Consolidated Gas Company, of the Baltimore City Passenger Railroad Com- 
pany, of the Pennsylvania Steel Company, and of the First National Bank of 
Baltimore. 

A portrait of George Small, owned by W. Latimer Small, and painted by 
Dabour, hangs at " Grantley." 



« York Wills, Book V, p. 510. 
73 



(Bcnealoaical BccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

The following notice is from the Baltimore American: 

" Mr. George Small, a prominent business man and president of the Ashland 
Iron Company, near Cockeysville, who also conducted a large grain and com- 
mission business, died Saturday at his home, No. 14 West Mt. Vernon Place. 
Death was the result of pneumonia, after an illness of several weeks. Mr. Small 
was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 13, 1825, and was the son of Philip 
A. Small and Sarah Latimer. . . . He was educated at the York County Acad- 
emy, and decided upon a mercantile life before he was eighteen years old. At the 
age of twenty-one, September i, 1846, he came to Baltimore, displaying the mental 
and moral traits that are indispensable to the successful merchant ; he quickly 
controlled a large and rapidly extended business, and aided by the agency of the 
great milling house of P. A. & S. Small with the Codorus Mills, near York, he 
supplied the Brazil market for many years, through the port of Baltimore, with 
some ninety thousand barrels of flour annually. At the death of Philip A. Small 
he succeeded to the head of the house of P. A. & S. Small, and both establish- 
ments have prospered under his supervision. In the midst of all his business 
engagements he devoted much time and attention to the extension of the business 
connections and relations of Baltimore with that large and fertile section of Penn- 
sylvania through which the Northern Central Railway passes. He energetically 
aided in the opening of that railroad, and had been for many years one of the 
directors, as well as a director of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and in the 
First National Bank of Baltimore, besides being president of the Ashland Iron 
Company. With all these enterprises in hand Mr. Small was one of the busiest 
men in Baltimore, but his methodical habits and comprehensive grasp of affairs 
rendered him able to perform a large amount of daily work. His judgment in 
complicated commercial and railroad problems was highly regarded. Mr. Small 
married, January 13, 1852, Mary Grant Jackson, daughter of Colonel William 
A. Jackson, of Fredericksburg, Virginia, whose ancestors emigrated from Eng- 
land in 1730. They have no children. He was a member of the Presbyterian 
Church, and while an enthusiastic Whig and Unionist and Republican, he uni- 
formly refused to accept any public position, or to become a candidate for office. 

" The funeral of George Small will take place at 11 o'clock to-morrow from 
his residence, No. 14 West Mt. Vernon Place." 

An editorial in the same paper refers to Mr. Small as " conspicuous as a 
successful merchant, a pioneer in Baltimore's great flour-trade with Brazil, and 
as a thoughtful promoter of railroad enterprises, which he was convinced would 
prove of great value to commercial interests of Baltimore. With both the 
Northern Central and Baltimore and Potomac Railroads he had been connected 
since their infancy, and his counsel was always sought whenever an important 
move was contemplated. As a director in other corporations his influence was 
felt, and among his associates he was looked upon as a cool, clear-headed, pro- 
gressive business man." 



74 




GEORGE SMALL 

No. 107 



(Genealogical ISecorDjS of (George ^mall 

OBITUARY. 

" In the death of George Small ''^ the cities of Baltimore and York meet with 
an irreparable loss, for he was largely interested in the business and prosperity of 
each, — York, the city of his birth and youthful association, and Baltimore, the 
city of his adoption, the scene of his active labors and the theatre of his great 
success. 

" George Small was from his youth active and energetic in the pursuit of 
business, and through his methodical and industrious habits, developed in his 
mature years into one of the most clear-headed, shrewd, and progressive business 
men in the city of Baltimore. His business career is one full of honor, honesty, 
and integrity, and the large fortune he has accumulated is the fruit of a life's 
devotion to business conducted upon honest principles. 

" During the hours of the day devoted to his business cares, he was the 
hustling, driving merchant, managing his own private business and that of the 
many corporations with which he was interested, with remarkable skill and execu- 
tive ability. But when the hours of business were over, and he mingled, unfettered 
by the cares of his busy life, with his friends, it was then the geniality of his sunny 
and lovable disposition shone forth and drew to him those from every walk in 
life. 

" He was a man of magnetism, and one once drawn to him forever afterwards 
remained his friend. It was the pleasure of his life to gather around his table 
those whose association pleased him, where as a host he was the peer of all enter- 
tainers. His sense of honor was supreme, and he despised the slightest departure 
in a friend or guest from the principles which mark the deportment of a true 
gentleman. 

" His congenial disposition and prominence in business circles brought him 
into personal contact and association with most of the noted men of the country, 
and numbered among his personal friends were the late Generals Grant and 
Hancock, as also Simon Cameron, and many other distinguished gentlemen. 
During the war he was a very pronounced Union man, and rendered the govern- 
ment very eminent service in the city of Baltimore, not the least of which was the 
part he played in aiding in conducting President Lincoln through Baltimore to 
Washington, prior to the inauguration. 

" During his summer occupancy of Grantley there was almost continually 
some distinguished friend from one part of the country or another present with 
him, enjoying his hospitality and the pleasure of his genial companionship. 

" In the city of York his friends and admirers are legion, many of whom will 
miss the numerous manifestations of the appreciation he showed for their society. 

" He was very charitable and gave liberally from his abundant means. His 
acts of benevolence were never paraded, but performed with a dignified modesty 
in keeping with his august and generous nature. The recipients of his bounty 



• Small.— In Baltimore, Saturday, April ii, 1891, George Small. Tlie funeral will leave the rail- 
road station, York, (or Prospect Hill Cemetery, at 2 p. M., Tuesday. 

75 



Cicncalouical KccorD0 of (Scorgt ^mall 

will miss his many manifestations of kindness and will mourn the loss of a dear 
and sympathizing friend. 

" George Small was a man of ennobling character ; great in the things that 
constitute true manhood, and the loss the two cities that claimed the honor of his 
birth and citizenship sustained, is irreparable. His death leaves a void that will 
require generations to fill. 

" Notwithstanding his life was chiefly spent in the city of Baltimore, he ever 
exhibited a desire to return to his native heath and end his days here among 
the scenes of his youth and the companions of his boyhood days. 

" This fact is attested on the once barren waste upon which he built his 
country seat, — Grantley, — and improved in such a magnificent manner. He loved 
the home of his youth, and his occupancy of Grantley gave him more genuine 
pleasure than any other place of residence or the delights of foreign travel. He 
never tired of looking out upon the ever changing panorama of beauteous nature 
spread out in such a liberal view of unsurpassing grandeur from Grantley "s lofty 
summit. 

" He was fitted by his joviality, polite and generous nature, to preside as lord 
over such a manor as the beautiful Grantley with its luxurious appointments. 
Neither was there ever a sentiment placed over a baron's hearthstone so truthfully 
expressive of the owner's hospitality and warm Iieart than that which had made 
Grantley famous : 

" ' Welcome ever smiles, and farewell goes out sighing.' 

" Upon the occasion of a visit to Grantley we hear him exclaim : " Here upon 
this summit I have built my summer home, at my feet lies the city of York, and 
upon every side I see something to remind me of my boyhood days, and out there 
upon yonder summit, in the city of the dead, repose the ashes of my ancestors; 
there too I want to be laid away to rest when my days on earth are ended.' 

" The spirit of this grand, w-arm-hearted gentleman has passed away into the 
keeping of God who gave it, and in a few days his mortal remains will be laid 
away in the spot he selected. Peace to his ashes." * 

MR. GEORGE SM.\LL INTERRED .\T YORK, PENNSYLVANI.^. 

" The service in Baltimore over Mr. George Small took place at eleven o'clock 
yesterday morning at his home. No. 14 West Mt. Vernon Place. The coffin was 
almost concealed beneath a pall of purple violets. A crown of white violets and 
rosebuds was placed at the head. The burial service of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church was read by the Rev. A. C. Powell, rector of Grace Church. The remains 
were then taken on a special train from Union Station to York, Pennsylvania, for 
interment. 

" The pall-bearers were S. Teackle Wallis, Henry T. Weld, ex-Governor 



' The York Age. 
76 



(Genealogical ISecorDjS of (Beotge ^mall 



Oden Bowie, General Benjamin Brice, of Washington, General W. B. Franklin, 
of Hartford, Connecticut, Major L. S. Bent, president of the Pennsylvania Steel 
Company, Enoch Pratt, B. F. Newcomer, J. M. Hutchinson, of Philadelphia, 
Frank Thomson, vice-president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Walter 
B. Brooks, Gilmor Meredith, David L. Bartlett, Reverdy Johnson, James E. 
Tyson, W. W. Taylor, Andrew Reid, William F. Burns, J. Alexander Preston, 
Frank Smith, Dr. Samuel Johnston, Michael Jenkins, Washington Booth, Major 
N. S. Hill, George C. Wilkins, J. Hall Pleasants, George S. Longcope, Robert 
G. Hofifman, Judge Robert Gilmor, Charles F. Mayer, and Charles G. Kerr." * 

WILL OF GEORGE SMALL. 

" I George Small, of Baltimore, Maryland, do make this my last Will 
and Testament ; revoking all others. 

1st. I give devise and bequeath unto my Brothers W. Latimer Small and 
Samuel Small of York, Pennsylvania, all my interest in the Partnership Associa- 
tion of P. A. & S. Small, Limited, and in all the property Real and Personal, 
Notes, Stocks Bonds and Accounts of said Partnership Association. In case either 
of my brothers shall die in my lifetime, the share or interest in said Association 
bequeathed to the one so dying shall go to his children. 

" 2nd. I give devise and bequeath to my wife Mary G. Small for and during 
the term of her natural life the sum of Eighteen Thousand Dollars ($18,000) 
annually to be paid to her by my Executors in equal monthly or quarterly install- 
ments as she shall require, commencing at the time of my death, without any 
deduction or abatement for taxes. To secure the said income to my wife I direct 
my Executors to select and set apart from my property stocks bonds ground rents 
or other securities or Real Estate, sufficient in their judgment to yield the clear 
yearly income aforesaid and to hold the same in trust for that purpose during 
my wife's life. If at any time the property so selected set apart and held in 
trust as aforesaid shall prove insufficient to yield the clear yearly income of 
Eighteen Thousand Dollars ($18,000) then I direct that the same shall be made 
up from the residue of my estate. I authorize and empower my said wife 
by her last Will and Testament to dispose of Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000) 
of the principal of the trust fund aforesaid, and I direct my Executors after the 
death of my wife to pay the said sum of Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000) 
in such sums and to such persons as my said wife shall by her last Will and 
Testament direct and appoint. 

" 3rd. I give and bequeath unto my said wife for and during the term of 
her life my house and lot of ground Number 14 West Mount Vernon Place in 
Baltimore and also my Country Seat Grantley in Spring Garden Township York 
County Pennsylvania, and all my furniture, Pictures. Plate Horses Carriages and 
harness in both establishments, and also the lots or tracts of land in said Town- 
ship which I bought from Kompeter Klinedinst's Estate, Hay's Estate Rickers & 



* From one of the York newspapers. 
77 



d^cncalogical BccorDjsi of ©corgc ^mall 

Kneeland and Henry Lentz, lying between Grantley and the N. C. Railway. 
Should she part with any of said articles of Personality by sale or barter she shall 
replace the same with others of equal value. At the death of my said wife I give 
devise and bequeath my said Country Seat Grantley with its furniture and the 
aforesaid lots or tracts of land to my brother VV. Latimer Small for the term of 
his natural life. At the death of my said wife I direct that my said residence 
No. 14 West Mount Vernon Place in Baltimore shall be sold with all the 
furniture paintings and Statuary and the proceeds shall fall into the residue of 
my estate. 

" 4th. I give devise and bequeath unto my Nephews Philip A. Small and 
George Small sons of my brother W. Latimer Small to each the sum of One Hun- 
dred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) on his respectively attaining the age of twenty 
five years and direct my Executors to select from my property stocks bonds ground 
rents or securities or Real Estate of the value in their judgments of the sums so as 
aforesaid bequeathed to my said Nephews and hold the same until said Nephews 
shall respectively attain the said age of twenty five years. The income of the 
sum bequeathed to Philip shall be paid to him in the meantime, and the income 
of the sum bequeathed to George or so much thereof as in the judgment of his 
father as is necessary shall be used for his maintenance and education. And when 
any of said Nephews shall respectively attain said age the said stocks bonds and 
property so set apart and held in trust siiall be transferred to them absolutely with 
any accumulations. If either Nephew shall die before attaining said age leaving 
a child or children his portion of said trust fund shall go to such child or children, 
if no child or children, then into the residue of my estate. 

" 5th. I give devise and bequeath unto my Nephew George Small Franklin 
son of my sister Mary C. S. Franklin two hundred shares of my stock in the 
Ashland Iron Company of Baltimore Co. Maryland, and Fifty Thousand Dollars 
($50,000) in such stocks bonds ground rents securities or Real Estate as my 
Executors shall select and deem of that value, on his attaining tlie age of twenty 
three years. Until he shall attain that age I direct my Executors to hold the 
same in trust applying the income or so much thereof as they shall deem neces- 
sary to his maintenance and education. If he shall die before attaining said age 
leaving a child or children then the principal with any accumulations shall go 
to such child or children ; but if none, then to his brothers and sisters in equal 
shares. 

" 6th. I give devise and bequeath unto my Nephew Philip Small Franklin 
son of mv sister Mary C. S. Franklin Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000) in 
such propertv securities or real estate as my Executors shall select and set apart for 
him as of that value, on his attaining the age of twenty one years. Until he shall 
attain such age, my Executors are to hold the same in trust and apply so much of 
the income as they shall deem necessary to his maintenance and education. If he 
shall die before attaining that age leaving a child or children, the principal sum 
and any accumulations shall go to such child or children, but if leaving no child 
or children then to his brothers and sisters equally. 

78 



dEicnealogtcal BccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

" /th. I direct my Executors to select from my property stocks bonds ground 
rents securities or Real Estate worth in their judgment Twenty Eive Thousand 
Dollars and hold the same in trust for Frank Small son of my brother Samuel 
Small and the same amount to be held in trust for Samuel Small Jr. son of my 
said brother Samuel until said Frank Small and Samuel Small Jr. shall respec- 
tively attain the age of twenty one years the income of said trust funds shall be 
paid to their father for their respective maintenance and education, as and when 
each shall attain the age of twenty one years, the income of the sum so set apart 
for him shall be paid to him during his life. At the death of either leaving a child 
or children the said principal shall go to such child or children, but if leaving none 
then in equal shares to his brothers and sisters in money. 

" 8th. I direct that the said several selections of property hereinbefore di- 
rected to be set apart and held in trust shall be made in the order hereinbefore 
specified and from property not otherwise herein specifically devised and be- 
queathed. And I authorize and empower my Executors whenever they shall deem 
it necessary or advantageous for the estate or for the security of the trust funds 
and property to sell any part or the whole of either of said trust funds or property, 
and invest and reinvest the proceeds of such sales ; and further in order to facili- 
tate the settlement of my estate, I give unto my Executors full power and 
authority to sell dispose of and convey any or all of my property Real or Personal 
not herein specifically devised or bequeathed without any obligation on the part of 
the purchasers to see to the application of the purchase money, it being the intent 
and meaning hereof that my said Executors shall have full power and authority 
to invest and reinvest and change investments, and do all acts and execute all 
deeds and other instruments necessary therefor. 

" 9th. I give and bequeath unto my sisters Anna M. Small, Sallie B. Small 
and Mary C. S. Franklin, to each the sum of Five Thousand Dollars. 

" loth. To my sister Cassie M. S. Blair, I give and bequeath the sum of Five 
Hundred Dollars per vear to be paid to her by my Executors annually during her 
life. 

" nth. I give and bequeath unto Anna R. Jackson the half sister of my 
wife the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars absolutely and I direct my Executors 
to invest the further sum of Ten Thousand Dollars and hold the same in trust 
paying the interest and income derived therefrom unto said Anna R. Jackson 
during her life. At her death the principal sum shall go into the residue of 
my estate. 

" I2th. At and immediately after the death of my wife and of my brother 
W. Latimer Small, I give and devise unto my Nephew Philip A. Small (son of 
my said brother) and to his heirs that part of my Country Seat Grantley afore- 
said, which lies West and South of the following described division line viz: 
beginning at the main entrance or Gateway, thence along the main road or Drive 
way to the point where it divides, thence by a line parallel with and ten feet West 
of the Eastern branch of said road or Drive way to a point opposite the north- 
west corner of the farm house garden fence thence due east to the Public Road, 

79 



Genealogical BecovDis of deieorge ^mall 

and to my Nephew George Small (son of my said brother) and his heirs the part 
of my said Country Seat Grantley aforesaid which lies north and east of said 
division line, my said Nephews and their heirs owners of said premises, shall have 
and enjoy in common the use of the springs on the premises herein devised to 
George and his heirs, with the right to a supply of water from the same and the 
right to erect an additional engine for pumping water therefrom if either desire 
it and also the right in common to use the water of the stream for watering cattle ; 
and my said Nephew George and his heirs owners of said premises devised to 
him shall have the right to maintain and use the reservoir on the premises, herein- 
before devised to Philip A. his brother for the supply of water to the premises 
devised to said George and the said road or Driveway from the main entrance 
to the dividing point shall be for the common use of both properties, by my 
Country Seat Grantley in this clause of my Will mentioned I mean to include the 
tract of land bought from Jno. J. Spangler for me by Wm. H. Miller containing 
about one hundred and thirty acres and no other tract. 

" 13th. I give devise and bequeath unto my cousin James W. Latimer and 
his heirs Six Thousand Dollars ; to my namesake George Small Bordley if living 
at my death Five Hundred Dollars, to my namesake George Small Gamble if 
living at my death One Thousand Dollars ; to my namesake George Small 
Bramble if living at my death Five Hundred Dollars ; to my namesake George 
Small Dandle, son of Luther Bandle, if living at my death One Thousand Dollars; 
and I direct my Executors to pav to my servant Lizzie Thomas One Hundreil and 
Fifty Dollars per year during her life. 

" 14th. I give and bequeath to J. Alexander Preston if living at my death 
One Thousand Dollars ; to my brother in law Clarence T. Jackson if living at my 
death One Thousand Dollars ; to my friend W. W. McClellan if living at my 
death One Thousand Dollars, which is to be deducted from a note of Eighteen 
Hundred Dollars which he owes me, if the same shall be unpaid at my death : and 
to John Charles Schmidt ; and to George Small Schmidt to each One Thousand 
Dollars if living at my death, and to my Coachman Moses Gourley if living at my 
death and in my employ. Five Hundred Dollars. 

"15th. The rest residue and remainder of my estate real and personal, 
wherever situated, whether in possession reversion or remainder. I give devise 
and bequeath unto mv two brothers W. Latimer Small and Samuel Small in equal 
shares, and in case of the death of either of my said brothers the share of the said 
residue bequeathed to him shall go to his children. 

" T^>th. I constitute and appoint my brothers W. Latimer Small and Samuel 
Small and mv cousin James W. Latimer all of York Pennsylvania, Executors of 
this will atid my said Executors shall be excused from the necessity of giving 
securitv or bond for the performance of their duties as such. Witness my hand 
and seal this twenty second day of August A.D. 1888. 

(Signed) "Geo. S^r.\LL." [se,\l] 

Witnesses: G. Edw. Hersh, S. B. Gensler. and T. S. Glatfelter. 

80 



(Kencalogical l^ccorDiei of cKcorgc ^mall 

CODICIL TO THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF GEOKGE SMALL. 

" I George Small of Baltimore Maryland make this Codicil to my last will 
and testament which was executed and bears date the twenty second day of August 
A.D. 1888. 

" I give and bequeath to my wife Mary G. Small for and during the term 
of her natural life the sum of Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000) annually 
instead of Eighteen Thousand Dollars ($18,000) as provided in Paragraph 2nd 
of my said will, and I direct that the property to be selected and set apart by 
my Executors and held in trust during her life as in said Paragraph of my said 
will provided shall be sufficient to yield the clear yearly income of Twenty Thou- 
sand Dollars which is to be paid to my said wife in the manner provided and 
directed in said Paragraph 2nd of my will, with these changes in the amount of her 
annual income, and of the securities to be set apart therefor, all and singular the 
devises and bequests to and for the use of my said wife, and all the provisions 
and directions in relation thereto in said Will contained are to be and remain in 
force. 

" I give and bequeath to my sister IMary C. S. Franklin the sum of Eighty 
Thousand Dollars ($80,000) to be paid to her in such good interest paying 
securities or stocks at their market value as my Executors shall select. This 
bequest is in lieu of the bequest to her of Five Thousand Dollars in Paragraph 
9th of my Will. 

" I give and bequeath to my nephew Philip A. Small Franklin son of Colonel 
Walter S. F"ranklin, Two hundred Shares of stock in the Baltimore Storage and 
Lighterage Company in addition to the bequest to him in paragraph 6th of my 
said will. 

" I revoke the bequest of Two hundred Shares of Ashland Iron Co. Stock 
to my nephew George Small Franklin in paragraph 6th of my said will. 

" I give and bequeath to Walter M. Franklin of Lancaster, Pa., husband of 
my niece Sarah One Thousand Dollars ($1000). I give and bequeath to my 
confidential Clerk George Longcope Twenty five Hundred Dollars ($2500). In 
lieu of the bequest of Five Hundred Dollars to my Coachman Moses Gourley 
contained in Paragraph 14 of my said Will I direct my Executors to pay to said 
Moses Gourley the sum of Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars ($250) per annum 
during his life (provided he shall still be in my employ at the time of my death). 

" In lieu of the bequest to my servant Lizzie Thomas of One Hundred and 
Fifty Dollars per annum during her life in my said will in Paragraph 13th con- 
tained I direct my Executors to pay to the said Lizzie Thomas the sum of Two 
Hundred and Fifty dollars ($250) per annum during her life. Except as changed 
by the provisions of this Codicil, I ratify and confirm all and singular the devises 
and bequests provisions and directions in my said will contained : — In witness 
whereof I have hereto set my hand and seal this 31st day of January A.D. one 
thousand eight hundred and ninety one. 

(Signed) "Geo. Small." [seal] 

Witnesses : Henry Thos. Weld, Reverdy Johnson, and Francis T. Smith. 
6 81 



(Genealogical BecorDsJ of George ^mall 



ADDITIONAL CODICIL. 

" In addition to the bequest of Six Thousand Dollars made in my last will and 
testament to my friend and cousin James W. Latimer I hereby give & bequeath 
to liim the sum of Four Thousand Dollars ($4000) making in all Ten Thousand 
Dollars ($10,000). 

(Signed) "Geo. Small." [seal] 

Same witnesses as to previous codicil. 
The will was proved April 30, 1891 (Book 66, page 54). 

This will was rejected by the widow, who took one-third of the estate. All 
the other provisions of the will were carried out except that W. L. Small at once 
took " Grantley," and the widow received a deed for No. 14 Mt. Vernon Place, in 
addition to her one-third of the estate. 

108. Sarah Bartow Small" (Philip A.^ George"', KillianS Lorentz^ 
Lorentz% Lorentz'), born January 27, 1827: baptized .\pril i, 1827; died August 
28, 1895 • unmarried. 

The following Memorial, prepared after her death by Rev. Charles Oliver, 
bears testimony to the useful and lovely Christian character of Miss Small : 

" Miss Sallie Bartow Small was born at York, Pennsylvania, January zj, 
1827. Her father, Philip A. Small, was the senior partner in the well-known mer- 
cantile house of P. A. & S. Small. Her mother, Sarah Latimer Small, was the 
daughter of William G. and Sarah Bartow Latimer. Mr. Latimer belonged to an 
old Presbyterian family, and was himself an elder in the First Presbvterian 
Church of Philadelphia. Mrs. Latimer was a grand-niece of Anthonv Benezet, 
a Frencli Huguenot, who. with his family, left his native land upon the revocation 
of the edict of Nantes, bringing with him in his haste unfinished pieces of tapestrv, 
which are still preserved in the family. She was also related to the Rev. Dr. 
Cathcart, the first pastor of the first Presbyterian church organized in York. 

" Miss Small received a thorough education, and was graduated from the 
York County Academy. 

" She professed her personal faith in Christ. November 30, 1854, uniting 
with the First Presbyterian Church of York, then under the pastoral care of the 
Rev. Charles J. Hutchinson. 

" Soon after her conversion to Christ she became the teacher of a Sunday- 
school class of 3-oung ladies, and some of these still live to speak of the lasting 
spiritual impressions made upon them by her beautiful life and her clear and 
helpful instructions. 

" In the year 1870 her uncle, Mr. Samuel Small, for many years an honored 
elder in the First Presbyterian Gnirch, erected a chapel, in what was then a 
neglected section of the city, to accommodate the Sunday-school that had been 
formed through the efforts of Mr. H. S. Myers, who afterwards became an elder 
in the Westminster church. Miss Small identified herself with the mission, and 
continued until her departure from this life to be a leader in the work. 

82 



(Genealogical iSecovDiS of (George ^mall 

" For many years she taught the men's Bible-class. On the day of her 
funeral twenty-three sons of toil, whose lives have been ennobled by her teachings, 
dropped their work to follow their beloved teacher's body to its resting-place. 

" Her influence for good in this field cannot be estimated. She visited the 
homes of the poor, the sick, and the sinful, carrying with her the very blessings of 
Heaven. She lived to see the neighborhood in which her special work was done 
transformed into a law-abiding and respectable community. She saw the little 
mission grow into the Westminster Presbyterian Church, worshipping in a beau- 
tiful and commodious edifice. She was one of the first members of the new 
church, uniting with it at the organization. She impressed her high ideals upon 
every part of its work, organizing the Women's Missionary Society, the Children's 
Mission Band, the Women's Prayer-Meeting, and being a source of strength to 
every department of the church life. 

" She was, from its organization in 1865, one of the lady managers of the 
York Orphans' Home, and in i8go succeeded her aunt, Mrs. Samuel Small, as 
president of the Board of Lady Managers. Her work there was performed with 
rare fidelity and good judgment. For two years, assisted by other workers, she 
conducted a weekly meeting for girls in the Princess Street chapel. One hundred 
girls and young women, gathered from the streets of the city, were entertained, 
instructed in sewing, and helped, by good reading ancl religious exercises, to live 
noble lives. 

" She was elected a manager of the ' Young Women's Christian Association,' 
and, until her death, was frequently consulted by those most active in that im- 
portant enterprise. 

" For a time she was one of the active members of the ' Women's Christian 
Temperance Union.' But her strength was not equal to the demands of so many 
interests. She was. therefore, constrained to withdraw from active participation 
in the work of the last-named organization, which, however, always retained her 
hearty sympathies. Unwearied in her efforts to do good, she followed with her 
gifts and prayers the work for Christ everywhere. 

" Early in the summer of 1895, failing health interrupted her church work. 
She was confined to her home after the last week in July, and gradually declined 
in strengtii until, at eight o'clock on the morning of August 28, 1895, she fell 
asleep in Jesus. 

" THE FUNERAL SERVICE 

was observed in her home on Friday afternoon, August 30, 1895, at two o'clock. 
Rev. E. T. Jeffers, D.D., president of the ' York Collegiate Institute,' offered 
prayer. Rev. George L. Smith, of the ' Calvary Presbyterian Church,' read selec- 
tions from the Scriptures, and her pastor spoke as follows : 

" ADDRESS BY REV. CHARLES A. OLIVER. 

Her life work finished, her character perfected, the mansion, the robe, the 
crown, and the song ready. Heaven's gate swings open, and I seem to hear the 

83 



dSfcncalofiical HccorDjsJ of (Bcorgc ^mall 

angels announce, " Lord, she whom thuu lovest is come." But Iicr. triumph is our 
trial. One of the noblest women that ever breathed the breath of God is missing. 
We are lonely. 

" ' When brave John Baptist had gone to be with God. his disciples, sad- 
dened by their loss, went and told Jesus ; and Jesus, taking them away into a 
desert place, stilled their troubled hearts with loving messages from the Father. 
He is still the same Jesus to-day. His sweetest message cannot be heard in the 
din and turmoil of the busy every-day life. He speaks to us in the silent places. 
I think, if we listen to-day. we may hear Him say, " This dear life was planned by 
God."' In infinite wisdom He numbered her days. He selected her environments, 
endowed her with graces, appointed her work, and accomplished His own purpose 
in her life. God's thoughts for his children are always the best thoughts, and His 
plans for them will not be thwarted. Death coidd not touch this glorified one till 
her mission was ended; then death itself became a passageway to the higher 
service of Heaven. The sweet thing on earth for the Christian is God's will. This 
is God's will. Whv should we murmur? When she saw that the time of her 
departure was at hand she said. " I am perfectly satisfied with my Saviour's will, 
whatever that may be." She now knows the meaning of it all. We know not as 
yet. God's light is sometimes darkness to us; but even in the dark we may wait 
and trust His own word, " What I do thou knowcst not now, but thou shalt know 
hereafter." 

" ' I think I hear Jesus say. " Your dear one is with me." God has claimed 
his own. He loaned the beautiful life to the home, the church, and the community, 
that she might bring into our lives more of Heaven's sunshine. 

" ' God needed her, and she is with Him. She loved His service here, re- 
gretting onlv her inability to do the work more perfectly. Now, untrammeled by 
earth's limitations, with every faculty quickened, she has entered into new avenues 
of service. The sweet singing birds will be missed in the cold autumn days ; 
hut they will not be lost ; away down in the sunny South other souls will be 
blessed bv their melody. 

" ' The voice we loved to hear is hushed to us for a little time, but ofif in the 
sunny land of song angels stop to hear her as she .speaks and sings the praises of 
her King. I tliink I hear Jesus say, " You who love me shall see me again." Even 
now she may be peering over Heaven's battlements watching us. And in His own 
time with the breath of His love God will chase every cloud from before our faces ; 
then we shall see as we are seen and know as we are known. " Be patient there- 
fore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord." " For the Lord himself shall 
descend from Heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the 
trump of God. and the dead in Christ shall rise first : Then w-e which are alive and 
remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in 
the air: and so shall we ever be w'ith the Lord. Wherefore comfort one another 
with these words." Caught up together with them. Then the happy reunions and 
endless fellowships. That blessed moment may be at any time. It may be to-day 
— before the sun can hide itself behind the western hills, or in the early morning 

84 



©cncalogical KccorDjs of George ^mall 

ere the eastern sky can be reddened by its approaching glory, tliat Jesus will come 
to take us to be with our loved ones. 

Wlien a shadow falls across the window of my room, 

When I am working my appointed task, 

I lift my head to watch the door and ask, if He is come; 

And an Angel answers sweetly in my home: 

' Only a few more shadows and He will come.' " ' " 

" After a prayer, the Rev. H. E. Niles, D.D., pronounced the benediction." 

109. Cassandra Morris Small' (Philip A.", George'', Killian*, Lorentz^ 
Lorentz-, Lorentz'), born at York, Pennsylvania, November 30, 1828; baptized 
February 12, 1829; died August i, 1891 ; married. May 19, 1864, Dr. Alexander 
R. Blair, born 1826; died July 16, 1889. 

The York Gazette notes this marriage : 

" On Thursday, May 19, 1864, in the Presbyterian Church, by Rev. Dr. A. H. 
Lochman, Dr. A. R. Blair, Assistant Surgeon, United States Military Hospital, 
located in this borough, to Miss Cassandra, third daughter of P. A. Small. Esq., 
all of this place." 

The York Press gave the following short obituary notice of Dr. Blair : 

" Dr. Alexander Blair, whose serious illness was announced in the Press 
several weeks ago, died at his mansion, corner of Duke and Philadelphia Streets, 
on Tuesday morning, shortly before two o'clock. 

" Dr. Blair was born in Strasburg, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1826. 
He came to York in 1850 and studied medicine with Dr. T. N. Haller, and 
graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1853. He opened an 
office and entered upon the practice of his profession on South George Street in 
York. In 1857 he was elected County Superintendent of Public Schools and 
filled that post with distinction until 1862, when he resigned and accepted the 
position of executive officer and assistant surgeon of the United States Hospital at 
York, which position he held until the close of the war in 1865. 

" In 1861 Dr. Blair married Miss Cassandra Morris, daughter of the late Mr. 
Philip A. Small, and sister of Messrs. George, W. Latimer, and Samuel Small. 
Mrs. Blair and a son survive him. The deceased was a man of fine personal 
address, urbane and obliging, well educated, a good physician, and was held in 
high esteem in the community generally. In his case the old but often true say- 
ing that ' Death loves a shining mark' is fully realized. His bereaved family and 
many friends have the sincere sympathy of the Press and all who enjoyed an 
acquaintance with the deceased." 

Dr. Alexander R. Blair was principal and professor of the theory and practice 
of teaching in the York Normal School in 1858.* 

Mrs. Blair survived her husband but a few vears. 



* York Gazette, April 6, 1858. 
8S 



cKcncalosical BccorDjs of (Bcorgc ^mall 

DEATH OF MRS. ALEXANDER R. BLAIR. 

" Mrs. Cassandra M. S. Blair, widow of the late Dr. A. R. Blair, and daugh- 
ter of the late Philip A. Small, died this morning at her residence, southeast 
corner of Philadelphia and Duke Streets, at 9.45 o'clock. The inmmediate cause of 
her death was an attack of la grippe, which she received some months since and 
which ultimately resulted in serious lung complications. The deceased was a 
sister of Messrs. Samuel and \V. Latimer Small, Misses Annie M. and Sallie B. 
Small, and Mrs. Mary C. S., wife of Colonel Walter S. Franklin, of Baltimore. 
One son, Philip A. Small Blair, is left to mourn her untimely death." * 

" The funeral of Mrs. Cassandra M. S., wife of the late Dr. A. R. Blair, took 
place this afternoon from her late residence, corner of Duke and Philadelphia 
Streets, and was largely attended by relatives and friends. The services were 
held at the house, commencing at two o'clock. Rev. Charles A. Oliver, pastor 
of Westminster Presbyterian Church, of which the deceased was a beloved mem- 
ber, and Rev. George L. Smith, pastor of Calvary Presbyterian Church, officiated. 
The floral tributes were chaste and beautiful, among the number being a hand- 
some tribute from the teachers of the Sunday-school. The deceased had long 
been a patient and faithful worker in the Sabbath-school, and her untimclv taking 
off has caused much sorrow among both teachers and scholars, who loved her for 
her many Christian virtues. Pier death has left a vacancy in the school that it 
will be difficult to fill. The interment was private and took place at Prospect Hill 
Cemetery." f 

Child of Alexander R. and Cassandra Morris Blair : 
116. Philip A. Small Blair'. 

no. William Lattimer Small' (Philip A.", George\ Killian*, Lorentz', 
Lorentz'', Lorentz'), born at York, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1830; baptized 
July 9, 1831 ; died February 27, 1903; was married, first, June 19, i860, at Grace 
Church, Baltimore, Maryland, by Rev. A. Cleveland Cox, to Mary S. Wilson, 
daughter of William Wilson. She died May 31, 1874. He married, second, 
Kate M. Reilly, of Virginia. 

William Latimer Small was admitted to the firm of P. A. & S. Small on 
July I, 1862, and at the time of his death was its senior member. He had served 
as a director of the York National Bank, of the First National Bank of York, of 
the York Gas Company, of the York Water Company, of the Columbia Water 
Company, and of the Spring Garden Plank Road Company. He was a trustee of 
the York Collegiate Institute and of the York County Academy, and was for many 
years a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal Church. He lived in York on George 
Street, with his summer home at " Grantlev." 



" The Age, Saturday, Aufjust i, 1891. 
t Ibid., Monday, August 3, 1891. 
86 




WILLIAM LATIMER SMALL 
No. I I o 



(Bcncalogtcal EccorDji of George ^mall 



OBITUARY. 

" Mr. W. Latimer Small died at 2.45 o'clock yesterday afternoon, in his 
seventy-third year. For more than four years Mr. Small has been in declining 
health and his many friends have noted with sorrow the gradual inroads made by 
disease upon a magnificent physique. His indomitable will so controlled the 
frailty of his body, that the splendid battle was continued long after most men 
would have succumbed. 

■' On Wednesday last he was at his accustomed place in his counting-room. 
The next day he suffered to some extent with the prevailing grippe, and yesterday 
was confined to his bed. During the morning his condition became suddenly 
critical and the absent members of his family were hastily summoned. The end 
came in the mid-afternoon, peacefully and quietly, and his eyes looked for the last 
time on earth on the faces of his family he so tenderly loved. 

" The death of Mr. Small is a calamity to the community. He was one of 
York's foremost citizens, distinctly and prominently identified with every step 
in advancement during the last century. He was born on the 30th day of October, 
1830, and was a member of an old and distinguished family, whose name is linked 
to local history by the life and labors of half a dozen generations. 

" George Small . . .in 1809 . . . founded the business which his descend- 
ants have carried on and enlarged. . . . 

" Into this firm [P. A. & S. Small] W. Latimer Small was admitted as a 
member on July i, 1862, and in its guidance and direction was a leading spirit until 
the day of his death. By his diligence, energy, and far-sightedness he contributed 
greatly to its financial success, and by his honesty and fair dealing maintained for 
the firm the friendship and esteem of the community. 

" During the war of the Rebellion he ardently and loyally supported the 
LInion, and assisted his uncle in the foundation of the Children's Home, whose 
primary object was the care of children of Union soldiers orphaned by vicissi- 
tudes of the Civil War. We was a charter member of most of the organiza- 
tions and corporations which found their origin in the charity and philanthropy 
of his uncle, Samuel Small, all of which have grown and prospered and still 
remain enduring monuments of the worth and broad-mindedness of that saintly 
character. 

" In the year 1888 the York Collegiate Institute, which had been erected, 
equipped, and endowed by the late Samuel Small, was burned to the ground, and 
immediately there arose from its ashes the present imposing structure, larger, 
more beautiful and better equipped than its predecessor — erected by W. Latimer 
Small and his brothers George and Samuel Small, in loving memory of their 
uncle, the founder. 

" W. Latimer Small was an influential fact(5r in developing the commerce of 
the community. Recognizing, in common with all our citizens, the necessity of 
increased railroad facilities as a prerequisite to numicipal growth and progress, 
he actively assisted in the organization of the York and Peach Bottom Railroad, 
now the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad, and was one of the incorporators 

87 



(E>cncalog(cal )SccovD0 of €icorsc ^mall 



of the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railroad Company (Eastern Extension) whereby 
the Western Maryland Railroad Company opened new fields and added new 
markets to local manufacturers. 

■■ He was actively interested in the erection and equipment of the Colonial 
Hotel, and subscribed liberally thereto, being convinced that its structure was 
imperatively required by municipal necessities. 

'■ His sagacity, prudence, and wise counsel were eagerly sought by financial 
and other institutions, and for many years he served as director in the I-irst 
National Bank, the York National Bank, the York Gas Company, and the York 
Water Company, and lent his aid to the advancement of the interests of the York 
Hospital, the York County Academy, and the Union Missions by years of willing 
and efficient service as trustee. 

■■ Broad minded and successful in business, his life was not circumscribed by 
the desire of success in things material. High souled, generous, and open-handed, 
his every action was controlled by love of the Master, and many a struggling con- 
gregation received gratifying aid at his hand, and in many a humble home in this 
city eyes are moist and bosoms heave over the sudden loss of their unostentatious 
benefactor. For more than forty years he served as vestryman of the St. John's 
Episcopal Church, and was the leading spirit in tlie erection of Bethany Chapel on 
East King Street, where year after year, despite physical infirmities, he enthusi- 
astically led his men's Bible-class in the study of God's Holy Word until impaired 
health made further service impossible. 

■■ The life of such a man is an inspiration, and his death a loss which is 
widely and keenly felt. An influence for good radiated from him and affected men 
in every walk of life. He has left an impress on his time which will be lasting 
and enduring. He embodied every civic virtue, and in his private and social life 
was kindly, affectionate, and sincere. With a mind deeply read and broadened 
by travel, with polished manner and dignified carriage, with the highest sense of 
honor in his business as well as his personal relations, he was one of the few 
remaining representatives of the courtly gentlemen of the old school whom all 
men esteem and most men love. 

" Mr. Small leaves to survive him a widow, Mrs. Kate M. Small, and the 
following children: Philip A. Small, George Small, Mrs. John C. Schmidt, Mary 
D. Small, Mrs. Redmond C. Stewart, and Miss Cassandra M. Small." * 

Children of W. Latimer and Mary Small : 

117. Philip Albright Small", born at York, Pennsylvania; was married November 8, 
1894, at St. Jolm's Protestant Episcopal Church, Hagerstown, Maryland, 
by Rev. Henry E. Cotton, to Jane Reese. Philip A. Small was educated 
at the York County .Academy, the York Collegiate Institute, and St. 
Paul's School, New Hampshire. He is a member of the firm of P. A. 
& S. Small; a director of the Spring Garden Plank Road Company; a 
director of the York County National Bank; a director of the York 



* York Daily, February 28, 1903. 
88 



(Kcncalogical asccorDjs of (Sfcorgc ^mall 

Water Company and of the Columbia Water Company; a trustee of the 
York Collegiate Institute, and a vestryman of St. John's Protestant 
Episcopal Church. 
Ii8. Anna Maria Small", born at York, Pennsylvania; was married April 17, 1890, 
in St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church, by Rev. A. Chilton Powell, of 
Grace Church, Baltimore, to John Charles Schmidt, son of Henry D. 
Schmidt, deceased, of York. Anna Maria Small was educated in York 
and Baltimore. John Charles Schmidt was educated in St. Paul, Minne- 
sota, in Stuttgart, Germany, and in York, Pennsylvania. He was for a 
time in the employ of P. A. & S. Small, but is now president of the 
Standard Chain Company and proprietor of the Codorus Paper-Mills. 
He has been a vestryman of St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church, 
a director of the Spring Garden Plank Road Company, a director of 
the York Water Company, a director of the York Gas Company, of the 
York National Bank, and other corporations. 
Children of John Charles and Anna Maria Schmidt: 

138. Henry D. Schmidt". 

139. Catherine Schmidt". 

140. Mary Schmidt". 

119. Mary Dalrymple Small', born at York, Pennsylvania; unmarried. Educated 

in York, Baltimore, and New York. 

Children of W. Latimer and Kate IM. Small : 

120. George Small', born at York, Pennsylvania; married, February 15, 1901, 

Frances Madison Bragg, of Richmond, 'Virginia. He was educated at the 
York Collegiate Institute, the York County Academy, and at St. Paul's 
School, New Hampshire. On leaving school he entered the employ of 
P. A. & S. Small. He is a director of the York National Bank and of the 
York Gas Company. George and Frances B. Small have one child: 

141. Elizabeth Lee Small'. 

121. Katharine Latimer Smair born at York, Pennsylvania; married, December 3, 

1902, in St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church, York, Redmond Conyng- 
ham Stewart, son of C. Morton Stewart, deceased, of Baltimore, Maryland. 
She was educated in York, Baltimore, and New York. 

122. Cassandra Morris Blair Small', born at York, Pennsylvania; unmarried. Edu- 

cated in York, Baltimore, and New York. 

112. Susan David SmalP (Philip A.", George^, Killian*, Lorentz', Lor- 
entz-, Lorentz^), born December 31, 1835: died May 21, 1875; unmarried. 

Two obituary notices of Miss Small are here given, followed by a copy of her 
will. 

" Miss Susan D. Small, daughter of the late Philip Small, of York, Pennsyl- 
vania, died of heart disease, after a long and painful sickness, May 21, 1875. 

" Sue Small, as she was familiarly called, was one of those rare spirits whom 
God sometimes gives to brighten the scenes of this fallen world, and to illustrate 
the pure and elevating influence of our holy religion. Born in the lap of luxury, 
with many personal attractions and every temptation to selfish indulgence, she 
must have been ' born again' at an early period, else could she not have exhibited 
such unselfish regard for the welfare of others, and such habitual devotion to the 

8g 



d^cncalogical liccorDjJ of (Bcovgc ^mall 

service of Jesus. Her deep humility, her liabitual charity, her generous attentions 
to the poor, the sick, and the suffering, her love for the Sabbath-school and the 
church, her interest in the missionary cause, and every enterprise of Christian 
benevolence, have been long and widely known. Many who were cheered by her 
unostentatious visits of sympathy, and whom she pointed to the source of heavenly 
consolation, and many whom she labored to win to Christ and Heaven, now rise 
up and call her blessed. In her was exemplified the spirit of that religion which is 
pure and ' undefiled before God,' which visits the widows and the fatherless in their 
aftliction, and keeps itself unspotted from the world. 

■■ ' None knew her but to love her, 
None named her but to praise.' 

" If she had marked individual peculiarities, they were referable rather to 
the exquisite delicacy of her organization and the sensitiveness of her moral per- 
ceptions, than to anything foreign to Christian devotion. In the family circle, 
among intiinate friends, some of her greatest excellencies were most clearly exhib- 
ited. She lived so near to the ' Rose of Sharon and the Lily of the Valley,' that the 
savor of her influence was ointment poured forth. Hence, while many prayers and 
hopes would, if possible, have kept her longer for earth, and a great void has been 
made by her loss, all felt that she was ready for her heavenly home. She had the 
' pearl of great price,' the ' one thing needful.' She had ' oil in the vessel with 
her lamp,' and when the cry was heard, ' IJehold, the bridegroom cometh,' all she 
had to do was to ' arise and trim her lamp.' I'"or three weeks she stood almost 
momentarily expecting the signal to go — weeks of intense bodily suft'ering, but 
of rare spiritual exaltation. It seemed as if the Captain of our Salvation would 
show how he can enable one of the most sensitive organization to triumph over 
the King of Terrors. To one who asked, ' Is your hope strong?' she replied, ' It 
is not hope — it is assurance.' To another she spoke of her physical endurance : 
' No matter how much my body suffers, all is happiness in my soul. Not one 
pain too many. Jesus will make it all right.' At another time : ' Do not pray for 
me to get well. I would rather go. to be with Jesus. Oh, that will be heaven 
enough for me to meet my Saviour, and see Him as He is !' ' Do not mourn for 
me when I am gone. Do not shut the house, and make things gloomy and sad ; 
rather rejoice that I, a sinner, saved by grace, am safe with the Bles.scd Redeemer, 
beyond the reach of suffering and sin.' 

" Just as the soft light of Saturday evening was falling on the earth, and a 
rainbow spanned the sky, a large company of relatives and friends followed her 
remains to their appointed resting-place ; and now beneath the shadow of the 
church she loved so well, and by the side of kindred dust, they rest safely in charge 
of Him who is ' The Resurrection and the Life.' 

" N." 



90 



cl5cncalo8ical EccovDis of George ^mall 



" DEATH OF AN AMIABLE LADY. 

•' Miss Sue D. Small, daughter of the late Philip A. Small, deceased, died on 
the 21 St inst., in the thirty-ninth year of her age. Her death, although not unex- 
pected, created a profound sensation and universal sorrow among her numerous 
friends. None have known her but must feel — aye, deeply feel — that the social 
circle in which she moved has lost one bright particular star ; that one kindly 
voice, ever ready to greet her friends, has been forever stilled ; that one sunny 
spirit has crossed the ' beautiful river,' and now rests safely on the other side. A 
wonderful sweetness of disposition blended with all the virtues in the adornment 
of her character ; warm-hearted, charitable, patient, long-suffering, pious, loving, 
and beloved, her untimely death has left an aching void that will never be filled. 
Hers was the white flower of a blameless life. Not all the temptations of this 
world could stain its lustrous and immaculate purity. Disease marked her for his 
prey and laid his pallid hand upon her brow. 

" ' The shadow of her destiny 

She saw approaching day by day. 
And murmured not, 
But turned to death, as to a sleep, 
And died with eager hands held out 
To reaching hands beyond the deep.' 

" ' Unfeeling death,' the ruthless foe of life, has indeed made sudden ravages 
in that once happy circle. Only a few weeks since were carried from the bosom 
of love to the cold, cheerless grave, a dear father ; to-day, ere the clouds of grief 
have passed away, another bereavement has visited it, — a dear sister, the centre 
of home love and attraction, is laid upon the cold bier and sleeps the sleeep of the 
dead. 

" ' Oh, long ago 
Those blessed days departed, we are reft 
And scattered like the leaves of some fair rose, 
That fall off one by one upon the breeze, 
Which bears them where it listeth. Never more 
Can they be gathered and become a rose, 
And we can be united never more ' 

A family on earth.' 

" Well may the disconsolate and bereaved survivors of the family mourn the 
loss of their dear sister, so good, so kind, so gentle and loving ; but although 
overwhelmed with grief, they should look with deathless faith to that bright spirit 
land to which their sainted sister has gone, in anticipation of a coming reunion, 
where parting grief shall weep no more. In her death the poor and lowly too 
have lost a true benefactor, and the remembrance of her cheerful and gentle vir- 
tues, and the example of her courtesy and charity, will not soon cease to be a 
power with those who knew her." 

91 



(Kencalogical BccorDsi of ©corgc ^mall 



WILL OF SUSAN DAVID SMALL.* 

" I Susan D. Small of the Borough of York, in York Co. in State of Penn- 
sylvania, make this my last will and testament. Whereas by the will of my 
Father, Mr. Philip A. Small the interest of the sum of forty thousand dollars 
was bequeathed to me during my life and by said will I was empowered to dispose 
of the principal of said forty thousand dollars by my last will, and in no other way. 

" Now therefore I devise said forty thousand to my two sisters Anna M. 
Small & Sallie B. Small in equal shares, or if only one of my said sisters shall 
survive me, then I bequeath the whole of said forty thousand to such survivor. 

" And the eighteen thousand yet in my possession I devise should be distrib- 
uted thus. To mv nephews and nieces each one thousand dollars, namely — To 
Sarah L. Small, Alary R. Small, Isabel C. Small, Frank iM. Small, Samuel Small, 
sons and daughters of Samuel Small, Jr. To Philip A. Small, to Anna M. Small 
and to Mar\- D. Small children of W. L. Small each one thousand dollars. To 
Philip A. Small Blair son of Dr. & Cassie Blair one thousand dollars. To Willie 
B. Franklin, to Philip A. Small Franklin, to Sallie B. Small Franklin children of 
Col. W. & Mary Franklin each one thousand dollars. 

" Also to the Presbyterian Sabbath School one thousand dollars. Five hun- 
dred dollars to the Orphans" Home. To Sister Cassie M. Blair wife of Dr. Blair 
five hundred dollars. To Sister Mary C. Franklin wife of Col. Franklin five 
hundred dollars. A remembrance for my friend Mrs. H. E. Niles five hundred 
dollars. Also five hundred dollars to Miss Mary Rupp. Five hundred dollars 
to Miss Mary Barnitz— Gettysburg— daughter of the late Charles A. Barnitz. I 
devise also that mv mother — Mrs. Sarah L. Small, use the interest of two thou- 
sand dollars, part Aunt Susan left me, which I have always used for cluirity. and 
the interest of the one thousand dollars that Uncle Samuel and Aunt Bella Small 
gave me, for charitable purposes as long as she. Mother lives, and then my niece 
Sarah L. Small, daughter of Samuel, and Frank Small use the interest for same 
purpose. After her death I devise the interest should be used in same way by my 
next oldest niece living, then after her death by the ne.xt oldest, and the next, and 
finally // thought best by my brother or brothers living, give the whole amount, 
principal three thousand dollars, to some benovelent object. 

" I also desire and request, that no one i^'car any badi^e of niournini; for me — 
no elosini; of shutters. A sinner saved by Grace! Rejoice that I am safe with our 
blessed Redeemer in a Heareuly Home! Where the precious word of God teaches 
us • there shall be no more death, neither sorro'w, nor crying, neither shall there be 
any more pain.' 'neither light of the Sun. for the Lord God giveth them light. 
and they shall reign for ever & ever.' 

" I appoint my three brothers George Small, W. Latimer Small, and Samuel 
Small. Jr., Executors of this will. Witness my hand and seal this Day April 
2ist, 1875, A D one thousand eight hundred and seventy five. 

(Signed) " Susan D. Small. [.seal] 



* Miss Small wrote her will herself. 
93 



(Bicncalogical HccorDjs of d^corgc ^mall 

" I make this codical to the above will. I devise the residue of my estate to 
my two sisters Mrs. Cassie M. S. Blair wife of Dr. Blair and Mrs. Mary C. S. 
Franklin wife of W. S. Franklin in equal shares. 

" Witness my hand and seal this twenty first Day of April A D 1875. 

(Signed) " Susan D. Sm.\ll. [se.\l] 

" I bequeath also to Sarah Wright daughter of Franklin Wright of Peters- 
burg Virginia five hundred dollars to be given before the above residue of my 
estate is divided, this twenty first day of April A. D. 1875. 

(Signed) " Susan D. Small. [seal] 

" The within instrument of writing pronounced published and declared by the 
within testatrix as and for her last will and testament in the presence of us who 
in her presence and in presence of each other and at her request signed our names 
hereto as subscribing witnesses April 30th, 1875. 

(Signed) "James W. Latimer, 

" W. Latimer .Small." 

113. Samuel Small' (Philip A.", George^, Killian^, Lorentz', Lorentz", 
Lorentz^), born at York, Pennsylvania: was married in the First Presbyterian 
Church, by Rev. C. J. Hutchinson, March 3, 1859, to Frances Ann Richardson. 

Samuel Small resides at 128 Market Street, York, and at his country home, 
" Sinking Springs," York County. He was educated at the York County Acad- 
emy, and was admitted to the firm of P. A. & S. Small on July 22, 1866. He is 
an elder of Calvary Presbyterian Church, is president of the York Collegiate 
Institute and of the Orphans' Home, has been for many years a trustee of the 
State Hospital for the Insane at Harrisburg, and at one time was trustee of the 
Lincoln L^niversity, president of the Spring Garden Plank Road Company, and 
vice-president of the York County Agricultural Society. He is president of the 
York Benevolent Society and vice-president of the Pennsylvania Bible Society. 
Mr. Small is a member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. A portrait of Mr. 
Small was painted by Dabour. 

Children of Samuel and Frances Ann Small : 

123. Sarah Latimer Small', born at " Sinking Springs."' York County, May i. 
i860; was married in the First Presbj'terian Church of York, hy Rev. 
H. E. Niles, on January 10, 1881, to Walter Mayer Franklin, son of ex- 
Attorney-General Franklin, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. They have no 
children, but have an adopted son who is called Walter M. Franklin. 
Sarah L. Small was educated at the York Collegiate Institute. Walter 
M. Franklin is a member of the Lancaster County bar. ex-District At- 
torney of the county; ex-president of the Oxford and Southern Railroad, 
and a director of several corporations. He was educated at Franklin 
and Marshall College, Lancaster County. 

93 



dEicncalogical l^ccovD0 of cB^corgc ^mall 

124. Mary Richardson Small', born at " Sinking Springs, " May 28, 1862; was 

married June 16, 1891, in St. John's Church, York, by Rev. H. E. Ware, 
assisted by Rev. A. Chilton Powell, of Grace Church, Baltimore, to George 
S. Schmidt, son of Henry D. Schmidt, deceased, of York. George S. 
Schmidt was educated in St. Paul, Minnesota, in Stuttgart, Germany, at 
the York Collegiate Institute, and at Princeton College, New Jersey. He 
is a member of the York County bar, e.x-chairman of the Republican 
County Committee, member of the firm of Bromell, Schmidt & Co., 
trustee of the Orphans' Home and of the York Collegiate Institute, 
director of the Spring Garden Plank Road Company, of the Harrisburg 
and Potomac Railroad, and of other corporations. 
Children of George Small and Mary Schmidt: 

142. Mary Richardson Schmidt". 

143. George Small Schmidt'. 

144. Samuel Small Schmidt'. 

125. Isabel Cassat Small', born at York, Pennsylvania, February 29, 1864; educated 

at York Collegiate Institute; member of the Board of Managers of the 
Orphans' Home of York; director of the Young Women's Christian 
.Association. 

126. George Small', born January 10, 1867; died March 13. 1869; buried in Pros- 

pect Hill Cemetery. 

127. Francis Morris Small', born at York, Pennsylvania, June 26, 1869; unmarried; 

educated at the York Collegiate Institute; entered the employ of P. A. 
& S. Small when his education was completed. Resides in New York 
City. 

128. Samuel Small', born at York, Pennsylvania. November 14, 1874; unmarried; 

educated at the York Collegiate Institute and Princeton University. He 
entered the employ of P. A, & S. Small when his education was com- 
pleted. He is treasurer of the York Collegiate Institute and a director 
of the York County National Bank. He is a member of the Pennsylvania 
German. Scotch-Irish, and York County Historical Societies. 

129. Helena Bartow Small', born at York, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1880; un- 

married; educated at the York Collegiate Institute and in New York 
City. 

115. Mary Campbel Small' (Philip A", George^, Killian*, Lorentz', 
Lorentz", LorentzM, born at York. Pennsylvania; was married, December 11, 
1866, in the York Presbyterian Church, by Rev. H. E. Niles, to Colonel Walter 
Simonds Franklin. 

Walter S. Franklin is a trustee of the First Presbyterian Cluirch, Baltimore, 
and of the Ashland Presbyterian Cliurch. He has been president of the United 
Railways and Electric Company of Baltimore ; a director of the Provident Sa- 
vings Bank of Baltimore, of the Maryland Steel Company, and of the Atlantic 
Transport Company. He is a trustee of the York Collegiate Institute and of the 
Orphans' Home. He is a member of the Light-House Board of t!ie United States. 

Children of Walter S. and Mary C. Franklin : 

130. William Buel Franklin*, born at Winchester, Virginia; married, February 12, 

1895. by Archbishop Corrigan, at the residence of the bride, East Seventy- 
ninth Street, to Lillian Mary Grace, daughter of John W. Grace, of New 

94 




SAMUEL SMALL 
No. I I 3 



d^cncalogical EccorD)3 of (Kcovgc ^mall 

York City. William B, Franklin was cdiicateJ at the High School at 
Hartford, Connecticut, and at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Mary- 
land. He entered the United States navy on his graduation, but after 
several years resigned his commission and entered the employ of W. R. 
Grace & Co., New York City. He was Secretary of the New York and 
Pacific Steamship Company, Limited, and Lieutenant-Commander of the 
First Battalion Naval Militia of New Y'ork. He is at present engaged in 
the banking business in New York. 
Child of William B. and Lillian M. Franklin: 

145. Mary Grace Franklin". 

131. Anne Weiser Franklin'', born at Ashland, Maryland, August 24, 1869; died 

March 21, 1871. 

132. Philip Albright Small Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland; married, June 18, 

1894, at " Hayfields," Baltimore County, Maryland, Laura Fendall Merry- 
man. He was educated at the University School, Baltimore, after which 
he entered the employment of the Atlantic Transport Company. He has 
been general manager of the National Steamship Company of New York, 
and a director of the Baker & Whiteley Coal Company of Baltimore, the 
New Y'ork Shipping Company of New Y'ork, and other corporations. He 
is now vice-president of the International Mercantile Marine Company. 
Children of P. A. S. and Laura F. Franklin: 

146. John Merryman Franklin'. 

147. Philip Albright Small Franklin''. 

133. Sarah Bartow Small Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland; was married, 

November 28, 1894, at her home, 24 East Mt. Vernon Place, by Cardinal 
Gibbons, to William Kennedy Cromwell, of Baltimore. She was educated 
at Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore. William K. Cromwell has been vice- 
president and general manager of the Mt. 'Vernon Cotton Duck Company, 
president of the Gandy Belting Company, director of the Mutual Fire 
Insurance Company of Baltimore, of the DeFord Companj', and of the 
Merchants' and Miners' Transportation Company, and trustee of St. 
Mary's Industrial School for Boys, Baltimore. 
Children of William K. and Sarah B. S. Cromwell: 

148. Walter Franklin Cromweir. 

149. William Kennedy Cromweir. 

150. Mary Small Cromwell'. 

134. Mary Grant Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland, October 18, 1877; died 

March 14. 1878. 

135. Susan Latimer Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland; married, November I, 

1902, in the First Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Hiram Edwin Dewing, 
of New Y'ork. She was educated at Bryn Mawr School, Baltimore, Mary- 
land, and at Miss Porter's School, Farmington, Connecticut. 

136. George Small Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland; educated at Deichniann's 

University School, Baltimore, Maryland, and at Harvard University, Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts. 

137. Walter Simonds Franklin', born at Ashland, Maryland; educated at Deich- 

mann's University School. Baltimore, Maryland. 



95 



''^^^'•^/^••^■'••Il* *^'» 'fil**''* •;1* *'* *1^ •^'* •li* *''^ •£• *)^ •li* •)'» «;t* «) 










liramrr 



X November 26, 1667, Hans or Johann Adam Kramer, 
of Essenheim, in the Grand Duchy of Hessen, Germany, 
was married to Anna Maria, daug-hter of Michael 
Schwartz, of the same place. The ceremony was per- 
formed in the Evanj^^ehcal Lutheran Church, and was 
duly recorded in the Church Records. 

In the year 1678. November 30, Hans Kramer and 
his wife presented for baptism their daughter Anna 
Maria Barbara. The ceremony was witnessed bv Eva 
Maria, wife of Conrad Lochlins. 

Anna Maria Barbara, daughter of Hans Adam Kramer and Anna Maria, 
his wife, was united in marriage to Lorentz, son of Lorentz Schmahl, in the 
Church of Essenheim, on February 2, 1694. 





^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^Ws ^^^ '^^^ ^^^ ^^^ 

^i^ i^H^ ^li^ Sli^ ^i^y^i'' '^iwi^ 4wi^ JiW^^ ^^^^^' SwJ 



mtrr 



X June 6, 1697, Heinrich Uber, son of Johannes Ubcrth, 

of Essenheim, in the grand duchy of Hessen, Germany, 

sij was married, in the Evangelical Church of that place, to 

^^ Alagdaiena, daughter of Adam Wagner, chief burgess 

of the town. 

Eva, daughter of Heinrich and Magdalena Uber, 
^jA was born January 14, 1708, and baptized in the Lutheran 
^S^/'^^W^/^^Wv'^^^ Church of Essenheim, on the 22d of the same month, 
!i^.'»t*&>^V(^-vr>^>?:?S Eva, daughter of Johannes Banchr, being witness. Eva 
Uber married (i), at Essenheim, on January 27, 1728, Lorentz, son of Lorentz 
Schmahl, with whom she came to America. Lorentz Schmahl died in 1749, and 
his widow Eva married, before January 26, 1750, Johannes Nicholas Reisinger. 
She died in York, Pennsylvania, in 1787. 

In the records at Essenheim the name appears as Uber, Iver, Ibert, L^berth, 
and Iberth. 








t/i*(»y«e/t*^f5 *;(»(! 



^d0c|)ancc 



'CCURDIXG to tradition, three distinct families of the 
name of Wclchance came to America, one settling in 
the Carolinas, another in Central Pennsylvania, and the 
third in the southeastern part of the same State, — that 
is, in York County. 

Those of the name residing in Lancaster County at 
the present time are descendants of the York County 
family. 

In the latter part of the last century several members 
of the family testified in a case before the York courts that the old and proper 
spelling of the name was Welschhance, but it has been changed to Welshantz, 
Welschance, etc. 

Those bearing the name have at times held positions of trust under the gov- 
ernment, and performed military service in the war of the Revolution, in the war 
of 1812, and in the war of the Rebellion. 

Eva Welschance, born 1734, presumably a sister of Joseph Welschance, of 
local repute, married, in 1758, Killian Schmahl, eldest son of Lorentz Scbmahl, 
of Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania. 








^H^i"! ^iil'^ i^l^ ^^11^ i^^l^ ^^^ ^M^ ^^ii^ '^MlJ^ '^:^^Mi 



(Genealogical i^ccorbs of 
^ijtlip iaibrigljt 




^r^<^^y October i6 or ly, 1732, the "William and Mary," of 

' '" P^ Sunderland, Constable Tyniperton, master, from Rot- 

ISj tcrdam, arrived at Philadelphia, carrying one hundred 

|^(? and sixty-nine passengers, of whom sixty-two were men 

* and youths above the age of sixteen years, who took the 

^^ required oath of allegiance on October 17. 

^i^ In this ship list are the names of George and Bar- 

'^ bara Albright, with their sons Antoni, Hans, and Peter, 

53irtii>si>(5!^^^(V'.^j^^^ tbe two latter of whom were children.* 

George Albright' and his family first settled in Philadelphia, where they 
remamed for about eight years. 

Having lived more than the prescribed seven years in the colonv, and having 
received the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper on the 3d of August in preparation 
for it, on September 26 or 27, 1740, at a sitting of the Supreme Court held in 
Philadelphia, George Albright, in pursuance of an act of Parliament passed 
in the thirteenth year of the reign of King George, took the oath and made the 
declaration by which he became a citizen and subject of Great Britain, with the 
rights and privileges of such.f 

About 1744 the family left Philadelphia for the country west of the Sus- 
quehanna River, which was then in Lancaster County, but now forms part of 
the county of York. Here they settled upon a tract of two hundred acres, for 
which George Albright had received a proprietary warrant dated at Philadelphia, 
September 24, 1739. 

His son Anthony had preceded him to this locality by several years, and 
occupied land for which he had received a warrant bearing the same date as did 
that of his father.^ It was probably the settlement of the son which induced the 
father, already advanced in years, to remove to what was then indeed a wil- 
derness. 

Either George Albright brought with him considerable money from the 



• Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xvii. p. 72. 

t Ibid., vol. ii. p. 349. 

t Anthony Albright, of the city of Philadelphia, yeoman, on December i, 1755, sold to Henry 
Keppele, of same, merchant, for the sum of five pounds, one hundred acres of land three miles distant 
from the Codorus, held by warrant bearing date September 24, 1739 Witnesses to deed, James Benezet 
and George Hilner, Jr. 

99 



(IBfcncalogical HccorDjS of p>l)ilip aibrtglit 

fatherland, or he had been successfully employed in Philadelphia, for at the time 
of leaving that city he was the possessor of about one thousand acres of land in 
different tracts, part of which had been improved. 

He was one of the signers of the petition for the first public highway running 
southward to the town of York, which was long known as the " Newberry 
Road." It crossed the townships of Newberry and Manchester to York. The 
petition was dated December lo, 1745.* 

In 1752 his second wife, Elizabeth, having died, and his children being scat- 
tered, George Albright made an arrangement with Benjamin Swope. at whose 
tavern in York Town he had been residing, by which he should be free from 
want and from the care of his property. f According to the agreement. " George 
Albright of the Town of York in the County of York and Province of Pennsyl- 
vania, of the one part, to Benjamin Swope of the same place of the second part," 
conveyed the following lands and tenements. — to wit : 

" One tract of land scituate in Paradise Township in the said York County. 
adjoining the lands of Joseph Sheely. John Leigher, and Bernard Rad}', contain- 
ing about 50 acres, together with a warrant for that quantity of land. 

" (^ne other tract of land with an improvement thereon, scituate in the Town- 
ship aforesaid, lately in the occupancy of Bernard Rady, adjoining lands of Joseph 
Sheely and John Leigher. together with a 30 acre warrant for the same. 

" One other tract of land scituate in Heidelberg Township on the Little 
Conewago Creek adjoining lands of late Adam Forney, deceased. 

" Three lots of grouncl in the City of Philadelphia in the Province aforesaid. 

" The consideration being as follows : The said Benjamin Swope, his heirs, 
executors and administrators shall 

" Pay unto the several creditors of George Albright the debts which said 
George Albright has contracted prior to the date of this deed and which are now 
unpaid. 

" Pay George Albright eight pounds at such days and times as he shall 
require same. 

" Pay unto the Minister of the Lutheran Church of Yorktown five shillings 
annually during the life of George Albright and unto the School-master of said 
Church, one shilling annually, during life of said George Albright. 

" Furnish, Provide and allow unto said George Albright, one good apart- 
ment or room, sufficient meat drink, apparel, w-ashing. lodging, mcdecines attend- 
ance and christian usage in sickness and in health, during his natural life and 
when he shall die. cause him to be buried in a decent and christianlike manner, 
and shall cause a sermon to be preached at the funeral according to the customs 
of the Lutheran Church, and shall then pay to the ruler of the said Church for 
the time being the sum of four pounds for the use of said Church." 

Another deed, dated February 25. 1753.! between "George Albright of the 



'- Gihson's History of York County, p. 322. 

t Deed dated July 3, 1752, Record Book A. p. ,-53, Recorder's Office. York. Pennsylvania. 

{ Deed Book A. p. 17,;, Recorder's Office, York. Pennsylvania. 



d^cnealogtcal EccorDjS of ^Ijiliv aibvijjljt 

County of York and Province of Pennsylvania, yeoman, of the first part, and 
Benjamin Swope of the same place, Innholder, of the second part," released and 
discharged Benjamin Swope, his heirs and assigns from the performance of the 
duties and conditions set out at length in the deed of July 3, 1752, the considera- 
tion for the release being five pounds. 

Records of Deeds in York County show that George Albright conveyed only 
a part of his property to Swope, for shortly after the revoking of the agree- 
ment, by a deed dated December 3. 1755.* he sold to Henry Keppele, merchant 
of Philadelphia, the tract of two hundred acres in York County, for which he 
held a proprietary warrant dated September 24, 1739. 

On April 7 of the same year he sold a tract of two hundred and fiftj-tvvo 
acres, situated in Paradise Township, York County, to his son Anthony Albright. 

By a deed dated June 27, 1763, f he sold to Jacob Heack, a tract of land in 
the township of Manchester, York County, containing one hundred and tifty-five 
and a half acres, for which he held a proprietary warrant dated June 11, 1748. 

Leaving Swope's Tavern in 1753, George Albright removed to the home of 
Adam Tyler in Windsor Township, where he died at an advanced age in the 
spring of 1766. I 

During the latter years of his life, his surviving children, Anthony, Peter, 
and Philip, received their share of his estate. 

The will of George Albright is as follows : 

" In the name of God, Amen, the thirteenth day of January, in the year of 
our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixty Six. 1, George Albright, of 
Windsor in the County of York, being very sick and weak of body but of perfect 
mind and memory, thanks be given to God there for, calling to mind the mor- 
tality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do 
make and ordain this my last will and testament, that is to say. principally and 
first of all I give and recommend my soul unto the Lord that gave it, and for my 
body I recommend it to the earth, to be buried in a christianlike and decent man- 
ner at the discretion of my executors, nothing doubting but at the General Res- 
toration I shall receive the same again by the mighty power of God and as 
touching such worldly estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bless me in this life 
I give and dispose of the same in the following manner, first, from the whole to 
my son Peter, likewise to my son Philip, each of them five shillings, likewise I 
give all the rest of my whole estate to Adam Tyler, and I do likewise ordain and 
constitute Conrad Brubaker and Adam Tyler to be Executors of this my last 
will and testament, revoking and annulling all other forms and wills by me 
made, ratifying this and no other to be my last will and testament, as witness my 



' Record Book A, p. 376, York, Pennsylvania. 

t Record Book B, p. 112, York, Pennsylvania. 

t George Albright, private in Captain Joseph Shippen's Company, 1756-57 (Penna. Archives, 
second series, vol. ii. p. 599), was probably a grandson of the above. George Albright, Sr., was too 
old for military service at this date. 

lOI 



(Eicncalogical BccorDjs of p>l)iltp aibrigljt 

hand this thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord, One thousand Seven 
Hundred and Sixty Six (1766). 

his 
(Signed) " George (X) Albright" [seal] 

mark 
Witnesses: James McLaughlin, John Barnes, Jr., John E. (X) Barnes. 
The will was probated June 24, 1766.* 

Children of George and Barbara Albright : 

2. Anthony Albright'. 

3. Hans Albright". 

4. Peter Albright'. 

5. Philip Albright', born 1734; died April 2, 1800; married Anna Maria Ursula 

Dinkel. 

5. Philip Albright- (George'), born at Philadelphia, 1734; died at York, 
Pennsylvania, April 2, 1800; married Anna Maria LTrsula Dinkel, daughter of 
Johann Daniel and Anna Maria LTrsula Dinkel. She died February 23, 1797. 

Philip Albright received an ordinary education in the Lutheran parochial 
school in York, and as a young man learned the milling business. Later he 
was engaged in farming in Windsor Township. 

Shortly before the Revolution he purchased a plantation of the Rankin fam- 
ily, some members of which being English sympathizers, sought a temporary 
refuge in the mother country. 

This plantation, on which was a flour and grist-mill, was about two miles 
below Yorktown, on the Codorus Creek. From the old ledgers kept at the 
mill, and from the account-books of Peter Kuntz (who married a daughter of 
Philip Albright), it appears that during and after the war a miller was employed 
to carry on the business at the mill. Much of the flour was carried to Phila- 
delphia in great wagons, where it was sokl on commission by George Latimer, 
formerly of New Castle, Delaware. 

In 1774, when the tension with Great Britain was keen, and sympathy and 
interest aroused throughout the country for the people of Boston, a meeting was 
held on December 16, in the Court-House in York, and a Committee of Observa- 
tion was formally organized, of which Philip Albright was chosen a member. f 

On March 19, 1776, he was appointed captain in the First Battalion of the 
Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment, under command of Colonel Samuel Miles. J 

The Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment and the Pennsylvania Battalion of Mus- 
ketry were embodied strictly for the defence of the Province of Pennsylvania, 
by the prudent foresight of its House of Representatives, at the suggestion of 
the Committee of Safety. 



* Will Book B, p. 62, York, Pennsylvania. 

t Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xiv. pp. 475, 531-546. 

t Ibid., vol. X. p. 209. 

102 



(Bencalogical EccorDjS of pi)iUp aibrigljt 

Resolution to organize the rifle regiment was made March 5 and 6, 1776. 
The first captain was appointed March 7. Nearly the whole of the rifle regiment, 
according to Colonel Miles's statement, was raised in about six weeks, and 
rendezvoused at Marcus Hook. 

On the 2d of July the regiment was ordered to Philadelphia, and on the 4th 
one battalion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Brodhead, was ordered to Bordentown, 
New Jersey. On the 5th the whole regiment marched for Trenton, and thence 
to Aniboy, under orders to join General Mercer, which was accomplished on the 
iGth. Colonel Alice's battalion arrived on the beach at Aniboy on the 21st. 

Colonel Miles was ordered to New York on the loth of August, and Colonel 
Atlee on the nth. On the 12th they were brigaded with Glover's and Small- 
wood's regiments, under the command of Brigadier-General Lord Sterling.* 

Of those who took part in the battle of Long Island (August 27, 1776), 
were the following: 

Brigadier-General, Lord Sterling ; Brigade-Major, W. S. Livingston ; 
Colonel William Smallwood, Maryland, 600 men ; Colonel John Halset, Dela- 
ware, 750 men ; Colonel Samuel Miles, Pennsylvania, 650 men ; Colonel Samuel 
John Atlee, Pennsylvania, 300 men ; Lieutenant-Colonel Nicholas Lutz, Penn- 
sylvania, 200 men ; Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Kachlein, Pennsylvania, 200 men ; 
Major Hay, Pennsylvania, 200 men. 

Miles's Pennsylvanians wore black hunting shirts, f 

In the Battle of Long Island the rifle regiment and musketry battalion were so 
broken that General Washington ordered what remained of the three battalions to 
be consolidated as a regiment under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Brodhead. 
Among the officers missing after this engagement were Colonel Miles, who 
had been captured ; Colonel Piper, who died in captivity ; two captains ; four- 
teen lieutenants, three of whom were killed ; and the regimental surgeon and his 
mate. 

In Captain Philip Albright's company alone, three sergeants and twenty- 
seven privates were among the killed, wounded, and missing. Captain Casper 
Weitzel, in a letter to his brother, after the battle, " from Camp Near King's 
Bridge, Sixteen Miles above New York, September 6, 1776," writes: "I know 
of only one killed in my company. The poor fellow was wounded in the thigh, 
and unable to walk ; his name is Speiss ; the d — d savage Hessians and English 
Light Infantry run their bayonets thro' him, and two of Captain Albright's men, 
who were also badly wounded, and murdered by them." :i: 

Colonel Miles's regiment also took part in the capture of the Hessians at 
Trenton, December 26, 1776, and in the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777. § 



* Penna. Archives, second series, vol. .\. pp. 195, 194. 

t The Campaign of 1776 around New York, etc. Mem. of the Long Island Historical Society, vol. 
iii. pp. 123, 129. 

t Penna. .\rchives, second series, vol. x. p. 195. 

i See Colonel Miles's and Colonel Atlee's Journals, Penna. Archives, second series, vol. i. p. 512, 
etc. ; Colonel Brodhead's letter, Penna. Arcliives, first series, vol. v. p. 21. 

103 



CBicncalogical 3Uccot*D]3 of p\)\l\v aibrigl)! 



Later in tlie same year Philip Albright had some difficulty with Major 
Ennion Williams, who in many ways had made himself obnoxious to the officers 
of the regiment, and was bitterly disliked. Both Williams and Albright wrote 
on the subject to the Council of Safety. Their letters were as follows : 

M.\JOR ENNION WILLIAMS TO COUNCIL OF SAFETY, IJ/G* 

" Thompson's Mill, near Coryell's Ferry, 

Dec"" i6, 1776. 

" Gentlemen, 

" Capt. Redman & Mr. Sprogell are just arriv'd and I am favor'd with your 
Letter of the 15th inst. It will give me much Satisfaction if I can get the 300 
suits you mention to be sent to Lord Sterling, & unless it may happen thus favor- 
able I cannot see how it will be possible to make the Regiment satisfied for the 
Loss of the Suits made on Purpose for them, which I am too well inform'd are 
to our Mortification deliver'd out to other Regiments ; this, amongst other 
unfortunate Circumstances, perhaps may have an ill Effect ; it is a Mystery to 
me that this accident should tlius happen ; however, amidst other matters, tliis 
is attempted to be laid at my door, it will therefore give me Satisfaction to have 
the Letter wrote to you from Brunswick safely kept, as that mentions that Lord 
Sterling (upon my Application to have the Clothing sent for) directed ' that 
they should remain in Philada.' 

" Capt. Philip Albright and Mr. Jacob Laorsneybe, Qr Master, have been 
absent without Leave these two Days. I am inform'd they are in Philada; it 
is such a President at a Time when we may expect an attack hourly, that no 
doubt you will take proper Notice of. 

" The General has order 'd that an officer of each Regiment remain in Philada 
to see the Sick taken Care of, and that all such as are fit for Duty be sent to the 
Regiment ; to this Department I have appointed Lieut. Thos. Boyd, who is now 
in the city. 

" Upon my last application to Lord Sterling, at Brunswick, that the Arrange- 
ment of the Companies might take Place, he dcsir'd that no Alteration might 
take Place while under his command; so that the I2 Companies are retain'd as 
usual, which is very troublesome, and thus it will remain, until you shall think 
proper to make a new arrangement for Ten Companies, or request that I may 
apply to General Washington for his Permission that the former may take Place. 

" It will give me Satisfaction to hear of the Receipt of such Letters as you 
may from Time to Time receive from 

" Gentlemen, 

" Your very humb! Servant, 

" Ennion Williams." 
Addressed: " (On Public Service) 

" Tlie Honorable the Council of State of Philadelphia." 



* Penna. Archives, first series, voL v. pp. 112, 113. 
104 



dDicnealogical ISccorDjs of |0l)ilip iaH)ri8l)t 

MA.TOK ENNION WILLIAMS TO OWEN BiDDLE, 1776.* 

"Thompson's Mill, near Coryell's, Dec^ 17th, 1776. 
" Dear Sir, 

" By this opportunity I have wrote the Council of Safety, and inform'd 
them that your Brother has promis'd me as many of the 300 Suits coming here 
as our Regt wants, but that he has orders to dcHver no Shoes, Stockings or 
Clothing to any Troops, except they are inlisted during the War, our men will 
therefore go barefooted unless the General shall consent that we may be sup- 
plied, or some other mode is pointed out. 

" Is it not a thousand Pities that this Regt, which is now the strongest in 
the Brigade, and born its full Proportion of Hardships and Fatigue, should still 
suffer; they are good men, and in my opinion will yet be a Credit to the 
Province on which they pique themselves. 

" All the officers are now satisfied with the arrangement of the officers, 
except Captain P. P. Albright, who has been absent without Leave or Licence 
in Philadelphia these several Days, he insists upon it that as Captain Brown was 
absent, he immediately became 2nd Captain before Captain Marshall, however, 
Capt. Brown is now exchang'd, and intends to join the Reg', if the Council 
think proper, as there is a vacancy, & if that should happen. Captain Albright's 
argument will have no Force, even if it had before. 

" It would give me some satisfaction to know if I have any Brother Field 
Officers or not ; or who are likely to be. The Enemy afiford us a little Leisure 
to think of these matters now. 

" I am, with Great Esteem, Sir, 

" Your affectionate Humb. servant, 

" Ennion Williams." 
Addressed : 

" Owen Biddle, Esquire. In Philada." 

CAPTAIN Albright's complaint against major williams. f 

"January 8th, 1777. 
" To the Hon'ble the Council of Safety of the State of Pennsylvania : 
" Gentlemen : 

" I beg leave to lay before the Hon'ble Board a Complaint relative to the 
Behaviour & Conduct of Ennion Williams, Major in the same Regiment with 
myself : 

" That it is supposed he has prevail'd with Lord Sterling to prevent the 
arrangement of the Rifle Regiment to which I belong, contrary to that which your 
Honours had mafle of the officers, &c., by which means our Regiment was & is in 
the utmost Confusion. 



* Penna. Archives, first series, vol. v. p. 117. 
t Ibid., second series, vol. i. p. 6S1. 

lOS 



(EicnealOQical EccorD0 of |^l)iUp aibrigljt 

" That he has treated the Officers in general, but myself in particular, in a 
manner a Gentleman and an Officer of his Rank ought, by all means, to avoid. 

" That he has, by many Instances, rendered himself obnoxious both to Offi- 
cers and Soldiers. 

" That he has deferr'd delivering Cloaths to the Soldiery agreeable to Order. 

" That when Cloaths were to be sent by the Quarter Master, Capt. Bickham, 
he wrote countermanding their being sent, though the Troops were in the greatest 
Need of them. 

" Sundry matters more might be mentioned now, but, as many Officers & 
as well as myself, request and expect That your Hon'ble Board will as soon as 
possible Examine the Major's Conduct, to their & my Satisfaction; Until when 
I am resolved never to serve under his Command. 

" I am, Gent'n, your most h'ble Servant, 

" Phimp Albright, Capt." 

As a result of their disagreement, on the 23d of January, 1777, Philip 
Albright sent in his resignation.* He returned to York, where the Continental 
Congress met from 30th of the following September to June 27, 1778. On 
April 5, 1778, before Congress returned to Philadelphia, Philip Albright was 
commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Third Battalion of York County Militia.f 
David Jamison, colonel. 

The militia of York was called upon frequently about this time. On the 
3d and 4th of April they had received orders to march, and five days after the 
date of Philip Albright's commission were ordered out for service. Again, on 
April 24, August 20, and October 23, 1778, January, February, October, and 
November, 1779, and at various times during 1780, 1781, 1782, and 1783,$ their 
services were required. 

They had orders to march on September 31, 178 1. At this time the American 
army was assembling about Yorktown, § where the siege was maintained until the 
surrender of Cornwallis, on October 19. 

General Washington, in his address to the army the day after the surrender, 
said, " Ingratitude, which the General hopes never to be guilty of, would be 
conspicuous in him, was he to omit thanking, in the warmest terms. His Excel- 
lency Governor Nelson for the aid he has derived from him and the Militia 
under his command, to whose activity, emulation and courage, such applause is 
due." H 

One of Philip Albright's daughters, who lived to an advanced age, and 
who was a young girl during the great struggle, related that at one time her 
father was captured and placed with many other prisoners on an old ship anchored 
in the Delaware, where he remained several days, but from which he finally 



* Penna. Archives, second series, vol. x. p. 209. Major Eiinion Williams liimself resigned on 
February 4, 1777, on account of a promotion over him. See same volume, p. 199. 
t Ibid., vol. xiv. p. 492. 

J Ibid., third series, vol. vii. pp. 44, 69, 70. ? Ibid., p. 89. 

II Ibid., second series, vol. xv. pp. 304, 305. 

106 



€»cncal09ical iHccovDjs of }£)l)ilip laibrtgljt 

made his escape by night. To avoid recapture he swam the Brandywine, placing 
his watch on a log to keep it from the water and pushing it before him. 

According to her account her father served in the war for seven years, and 
was present at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. With the ending of 
hostilities, Philip Albright returned to his home and to his former occupations. 

The Supreme Court records of Pennsylvania give the notice of a coroner's 
inquest in which both Colonel Albright and Killian Schmall were interested. 

The following curious document contains several familiar names. It is 
endorsed : 

" Inquist taken on Vew of the Body of Conrad Stingle." 

" York County SS. An Inquisition indented and taken at the house of 
Colonel Philip Albright in York township, in the County of York aforesaid, 
the twenty second day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven 
hundred and eighty eight, before me Andrew Johnston, Gentleman, Coroner of 
the County of York aforesaid upon the View of the Body of Conrad Stengel 
who is lying dead in a Boat, at the Shore Side of Codorus Creek, upon the 
Oaths, and Affirmations of John Forsyth, John Hay, David Candler, John Spen- 
gler, Killian Schmall, Frederick Rummel, George Spengler, Andrew Kramer, 
Jacob Upp, Henry Bentz, George Shuck, John Schall, Christopher Lauman, Chris- 
topher Stohr, and Frederick Schettley. . . . 

good and lawful men of the County aforesaid, who being sworn and affirmed 
and charged to inquire, on the part of the Common Wealth, when, where, how, 
and after what manner the said Conrad Stengel, came to his death, do say upon 
their Oaths and Affirmations that by the Will of God and an Appoplectick Fit, 
he suddenly died. 

And so the Jurrors upon their Oaths and Ffirmations aforesaid, in manner 
and form aforesaid came to his Death, and not otherwise. In Witness whereof, 
as well the aforesaid Coroner as the Jurrors aforesaid have to this Inquisition put 
their hands and Seals on the Day and year aforesaid, and at the place afore- 
said. . . .* 
" And. Johnson [seal] 

Henry Bentz John Forsyth 

Georg Shuck John Hay 

John Schall David Candler 

Christoph Lauman John Spangler 

Christopher Stohr Killian Schmall 

Friederich Shetly Geo. Spangler 

Friederich Rummel 
Andrew Cremer 
Jacob Obb" 



* The above is a copy of the original Supreme Court paper, in the collection of the Genealogical 
Society of Pennsylvania, No. 6474. Georg Shiick, Chr. LaQnian, K. Schmall, and F. Rummel signed 
in German. 

107 



(Genealogical EecorDjs of j^^iltp aibriglit 

In the York Gazette of February i6, 1791, appears the name of " Col. Philip 
Albright" as one of the managers of a lottery, the profits of which were to be 
used for satisfying William Briley for moneys and materials advanced by him for 
erecting the Academy in York. This was a very common method, and at that 
time was considered a legitimate means of raising money for such a purpose. 

Advertisements for runaway servants were at one time quite common. The 
passage money of an emigrant was paid by an employer, for which a certain 
period of service was to be given, of which the servant often wearied before 
the time had expired. i\n offer of six dollars reward was made in the following: 

" Ran away on Sunday the 2nd instant an indented servant man, named 
Francis Henry Fose, born in Germany. About 20 years of age, 5 ft. 6" high, 
stoop shouldered. 

" He had on when he went away a coarse fustian coatee, a jean jacket 
striped cotton overalls and a high hat, worsted stockings, half worn shoes with 
round curved buckles, he also took with him a blue sailor's jacket, a pair of 
good buckskin breeches and a fine home spun linen shirt. 

" Whoever secures said servant so that his master may have him again shall 
have the above reward and reasonable charges if brought home. 

(Signed) " Philip ALBRu:nT." * 

Of a diiYerent character is the following: 

" Thursday the 4th, being the anniversary of American Independence, a 
party of gentlemen met on the banks of the Cotlorus above High St. where boats 
were proviiled, in which they proceeded, accompanied by a band of music, down 
the stream to a rural spot near Col. Albright's Alill, where they partook of an 
elegant Dinner prepared for the occasion, and drank a number of toasts. 

" After having spent the remainder of the evening in general harmony and 
temperate hilarit)-, they returned to town highly gratified with the agreeable 
manner in which they had passed the day." \ 

The Gazette of September 26, 1798, announced that the deputies from the 
different districts met at the Court-House in Yorktown and recommended a 
ticket for the next election. Colonel Albright was named for the Assembly, 
and was duly elected to the office in October, 1798, for a term of two years. % 

After the close of the war Philip Albright so hospitably entertained the 
many friends whom he had made among the army officers while in service, that 
his estate seriously suffered in consequence. 

The Folks Berichter, April 10, 1800, gives the following notice of the death 
of Colonel Philip Albright: 

" Starb hier in York, den 2ten April Colonel Philip Albright in 66sten Jahre 
seines Alters. Hr Albright war ein warmer Freund seines Vaterlandes, und war 
zur Festesetzung der Amerikanishen Freiheit und Unabhangigkeit thatig." 



* York G.izette. September, 1792. 

t York, Pennsylvania, Herald and General Advertiser, July 12, 1797. 

t Glossbrenner's History of York County, p. 110. 

108 



(IBfcncaloijtcal Bccortus of l^^ilip aibrigljt 

At a session of the Orphans' Court held August 24, 1800: 
" The petition of George Albright, eldest son and heir at law of Philip 
Albright, late of the County aforesaid, deceased, was read, setting forth : That 
the petitioner's father, Philip Albright lately died intestate leaving no widow, 
but two sons, namely George Albright his eldest son. the petitioner, and Philip 
Albright and four daughters, namely Catharine, intermarried with Peter Kurtz, 
Margaret intermarried with Christian Sinn, Anna Mary intermarried with George 
Small, and Elizabeth intermarried with Conrad Shultz, lawful issue, to survive 
him and one grand daughter, the issue of Christina, another daughter of the 
said deceased, who was intermarried with Conrad Leatherman and died before 
said Philip Albright, named Margaret Leatherman. That the said Philip Al- 
bright deceased died seized in fee simple one messuage and lot of ground 
No. I, containing ten acres and sixty two perches of land neat measure, ad- 
joining Christian Sinn, the Codorous Creek and other lands of the said Philip 
Albright, deceased. Also another lot of ground, adjoining the lot aforesaid and 
land of Christian Sinn, and Codorus Creek, containing ten acres strict measure. 
Also another lot of ground adjoining the first mentioned lot of ground, Codorus 
Creek, lands of Conrad Leatherman, Henry Miller and John Hahn. containing 
about twenty seven and one half acres with a mill thereon erected. Also of 
another lot or parcel of ground in the township aforesaid, near the lands above 
described, adjoining lands of James Kelly, Esquire, containing ten acres and 
thirty five perches neat measure. Also of another tract of woodland, situated in 
said township, adjoining lands of Rudolph Spangler, Godfrey Lenhart, James 
Smith, Esquire, the heirs of Baltzer Spangler, containing eighty five acres and 
one hundred and forty five perches and allowance. That the said children and 
grand child of the said Philip Albright, deceased, who died intestate, hold the 
said Messuage, Mill and lots or parcels of land with the appurtenances as tenants 
in common and undivided. And praying the Court to appoint an inquest to make 
partition of the said lands and tenements with the Messuage and Mill thereon 
erected and appurtenances to and among the children and grand child of said 
intestate if the same will admit of such division or partition without prejudice 
to or spoiling the whole, or if the sum will admit of such division or partition to 
and among the children and grand child of said intestate, without prejudice to or 
spoiling the whole then to divide the same so as to accomodate as many of the 
children of the said intestate as can conveniently be done, without spoiling the 
whole or if the same will not admit of division or partition at all, without spoiling 
the whole, then to value the whole undivided according to the Act of Assembly 
in such case made and provided. Where upon it is considered by the Court and 
ordered that the Sheriff of York County in his proper person, with twelve good 
and lawful men of his bailiwick in the presence of all the parties who shall choose 
to attend, or the guardians of such of them as are minors, they having respec- 
tively due and legal notice thereof. Do hold an inquest on the aforesaid premises 
with the appurtenances, and make partition thereof to and amongst the children 
and grandchild of said intestate, or as many of them as the same will accomodate, 

log 



(Bcncalogical UccovDjs of }Bl)il(p aibrigljt 



preference being given to the eldest son. if the same will admit of such partition 
without predjudice to or spoiling the whole. Otherwise to value the whole 
undivided. According to the Act of General Assembly in such case made and 
provided. And that the said sheritif do make return of said inquest as well under 
his own hand and seal as the hands and seals of said inquest to the next Orphans' 
Court after the same shall be held." * 

At a session of the Orphans' Court held Alarch 4. 1801, was reported the 
result of a sheriff's inquest on the estate of Philip Albright, deceased, which 
showed that certain tracts of land could not be divided, but were valued as a 
whole at £2906 i6s. 3^. lawful money of Pennsylvania. George Albright, eldest 
son and heir at law, elected to take the tracts at this valuation, from which the 
share of each heir, amounting to ^414 is. 3(/., was to be paid. Albert Rutter, Esq., 
signed as surety for George Albright. 

In the settlement of the estate the following sales were advertised by the 
executors : 

" To be sold on Thursday the 8th of May next, at the mill of Col. 
Philip Albright, late of York township, deceased, about i mile from the 
Borough, at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, the following property, viz : Rye, 
Indian corn, two wagons, horses, one cow, an eight day clock and case, three 
very good beds and bedsteads, one desk, tables, chairs, a large coffee kettle, 
iron pots, two ten plate stoves and pipes, one pair of path valley mill stones, 
some remnants of bolting cloth, hemp and tow linen, pewter dishes and basins, 
tubs and a number of other articles too numerous to mention. Due attendance 
and reasonable credit given by George Albright and George Small, adminis- 
trators."! 

" By virtue of an Order of the Orphans' Court of Northumberland County 
will be sold on Tuesday, October 7, at 10 o'clock, at the house of Joseph 
Pegg on the premises, about 1 1 miles from Sunbury, and i mile from North 
branch of the river Susquehanna, a plantation in Catawissa township, con- 
taining 314 acres and 67 acres allowance, on which are two dwelling houses. 
Land about 60 Acres clear, of which 5 or 6 are meadow, remainder covered 
with excellent timber ; a very good spring of water near the houses and a never 
failing stream of water runs through the land, with a saw mill thereon 
erected. Late the property of Col. Philip Albright of York, deceased. Terms 
will be made known on day of sale by George Albright and George Small, 
administrators." J 

" A true Inventory and Conscionablc Appraisement of the goods, chattels, 
rights and credits which were of Philip Albright, late of York township, deceased, 
taken the seventeenth day of April in the year of our Lord, One Thousand Eight 
Hundred. 



* Orphans' Court Docket H, p. 135. 
t York Recorder, .\pril 23. 1800. 
t Ibid., September 3, 1800. 
no 



d^cncalogtcal IKccorDjS of p>l)iltp aibriglit 



£ 

To I Brown coat, jacket & breeches 2 

To I Blue coat, jacket & breeches 2 

To I Cotton striped coatee, i striped jacket & pair breeches. ... 2 

To I Gingham coatee, cashmere jacket and one pair jean breeches i 

To 2 Pair silk stockings i 

To 4 Pair worsted stockings i 

To 3 White handkerchiefs, i black and i blue handkerchief. ... o 

To I Pair black silk stockings o 

To 3 Shirts o 

To 2 Shirts o 

To 2 Silk caps, i silk handkerchief and spotted handkerchief. . . o 

To I Great coat 2 

To 3 Hats I 

To I Bed and bedstead 3 

To I Bed & bedstead 5 

To I Bed & bedstead, bolster & pillows 5 

To 38^ yards of hemp linen in 4 pieces at 3/6 per yd 6 

To 8 yards muslin at 2/0 per yard 6 

To I Piece linen 4I/2 yards at 3/3 per yard 6 

To 22J/S yards toe linen at 2/3 per yard 2 

To 18I/2 yards toe linen at 2/3 per yard 2 

To 4-)4 yards blue cotton stripe at 4/6 per yard i 

To 2j4 yards linen stripe at 3/9 per yard i 

To I ^ yards cotton stripe at 4/0 per yard i 

To 4 toe linen sheets 37/6, 4 sheets 37/6 3 

To 4 Sheets 30/0 to 4 bed cases 75/0, to i bed case 22/6 6 

To 5 Table cloths 30/0 to 6 pillow cases and wallet 12/6 2 

To 7 Towels and two table cloths lo/o, i pillow case and small 

curtain 5/0 

To 10 Towels and 2 table cloths lo/o, and i napkin "j/fy 

To 7 Remnants of bolting cloths i 

To Chaff bag 11/3, to 2 coverlids 112/6 and i pair rose blankets, 

I old coverlid 30/0 7 

To 5 Law books i 

To I Trunk 30/1, old trunk 5/0, i chest 7/6 2 

To I Large walnut table 15/. i dotrought. 2/0 

To Some sugar in a small bag and some coffee 

To 2 Tables 

To I Desk 3 

To I Close stool and coffe pot i 

To 10 Chairs 

To Some leather, i sheep skin 9/43^, i saddle-bag 3/9 

To I Umbrella 7/6, i tea kettle 11/3, i saddle bag i 

III 



s. 


d. 


5 





15 





7 


6 


2 


6 


10 





6 





10 





6 





6 





7 


6 


II 


3 


5 





10 





15 





12 


6 


12 


6 


13 


lOj^ 


16 





13 





10 


7'A 


I 


rA 


I 


A'A 


8 


5 


7 





15 





2 


6 


2 


6 


1.=; 





7 


6 


10 





13 


9 


10 





2 


6 


17 





15 





7 


6 


15 





17 


6 


15 





13 


1K2 


3 


9 



(Genealogical iSecorDjs of ^l)iltp aibviglit 

I s. d. 

To I Copper and tine coffe pots 11/3, 2 pans 150 i 6 3 

To 3 Iron pots 15/0 to a lot of tin ware 7/6 i z 6 

To I Iron skillet 2/6, shovel and tongs 3/9, wateringpot 6 6 9 

To I Large copper kettle 80/0, i small brass kettle 3/9 4 3 9 

To a lot of cedarware 15/0, 4 pewter poringers 3/9 18 9 

To I Pewter basin and i teapot i ■ 10 — 3.2, 2 ladles and 

forks 2/0 3 io>l 

To I Brass water bowl 2/0, a lot of tin ware 7/6 9 6 

To I Patent lamp 2, o, to a lot of Queens ware 7/6 9 6 

To 5 Pewter dishes, i large dish, basin, 2 queens ware plates. . . 117 6 

To Yi Dozen knives and forks, i carving knife and fork 5 o 

To I Stone pitcher 2/0, I pair small stilliards 3/9 5 9 

To I Eight day clock and case 11 5 o 

To I Set of Boston China Ware 7/6 7 6 

To I Set of Boston China W'are 11/3, i quart decanter and 5 

glasses 41 15 3 

To I Smooth gun 37, '6, i musket 5 /'o 2 2 6 

To I Case w^ith bottles 7/6. 14 black bottles 3/6 11 o 

To I Box with sundries 6 and 3 pair spectacles 3/'9 4 3 

To I Hatchel server & clothes brush 7 6 

To A lot of dyed and white yarn and paper box 3 9 

To I Powder horn and shot bag i 10J/2 

To 6 Silver spoons, i pewter soup spoon 3 13 o 

To 2 Gold rings 15/0, i pair knee buckles * and one pair silver 

sleeve buckles 7/6 i 2 6 

To 2 Razors and strap 3/9, to i barrel and V2 barrel 3/9 7 6 

To I Looking glass and comb case 6 o 

To Some candles 4/0, i walnut stand, 7/6 11 6 

To I Chopper and griddle 6/0, i three foot i/xoYz 7 105^ 

To I Pair flat irons 4/0, i broad axe 39 7 9 

To A lot of millwright tools i 10 o 

To A lot of old iron 15/0. i cross cut saw 18/9 i 15 9 

To I Wool, one cotton wheel and reel 13 o 

To 4 Spinning wheels 4 o 

To I Gudgeon, i hoop and 1 2 hoop i 2 6 

To I Large Bible and sundry other books i 17 6 

To Some feathers and some wool 3/0, 2 pot racks 3 'o 10 o 

To I Kitchen dresser 3 '9. 2 corn and meadow hoe lo/o 13 9 

To I Small corner cupboard 3/9, i bedstead & second cotton 3/9 7 6 

To 24 Harrow teeth 12 'o. 2 dung forks & old shovel 3/0 13 o 

To I Wind?nill 12/0. I cutting bench 5/0 17 o 

* A pair of silver buckles, sword, etc., once owned by Philip Albright, are in the possession of 
Philip A. Small. 

112 



(Genealogical ISecorDji of pi)iltp aibrigljt 

To 4 Pair traces 22/6, 3 horse chains, 3/9 i 

To I Wagon 7/10/10, 2 old axes 3/9, i iron kettle 7/6 8 

To I Log chains lo/o, to 3 large tubs 11/3, 2 small tubs 11/3 i 

To 6 Cow chains 1 5/0, i old scythe and mead 6 

To I Basket 2/0, i watch 120/0, i bushel and ^< bushel 11/3.. 6 

To I Miller wagon 15 

To I Grind Stone 3/9, i pair path valley burrs 45/0 2 

To I Pair hinges and jack screws 

To I Flat 45/0, Mill scales & weights loo/o 7 

To 2 Brands and i cooper adz 

To I Crow bar & sledge 1 1/3 

To 105 Bushels rye at 4/6 per bushel 23 

To I Plough shear and clevis 

To I Turning bench and head 

To 20 Bushels Indian corn at 3/6 per bushel 3 

To I Dark sorrel mare 18 

To I Bay horse 12 

To I Bright bay horse 22 

To I Old bay horse 5 

To I Black yearling colt 3 

To I Black Cow 2 

To I Stove and pipe 3 

To I Ten plate stove and pipe 

To I Barrel with iron hoops and i ten gallon keg and i smaller keg 

To I Saddle and bridle i 

To 550 Staves at i /^, per hundred 

To 20 Bags at 3/9 per bag 3 

To 3 Acres of rye in the ground 6/ 15 'o, i acre barley 90/0. . . 11 

To an undivided third part of hemp initiatived 

To I Pair hand irons 7/6, i large screw 41/0 2 

To I \\'agon cover 7/6, some old gears 7/6 

To I Dung fork and hook 3/9 

Notes. 

Samuel Brooks by Note due the 13th day of August, 1798, ... 31 7 o 

Interest on Note until 17th day of April, 1800 4 o o 

Cash I 17 9 

Philip Decker by Bond due the 28th day of Dec, 1782. Remains 

a balance on debt and interest 18 9 

Charles ]\Iootz by Penna. Bill put in suit in Huntington County 

in the hands of Jonath Henderson 139 3 

John Patton & Joseph Patton. By single Bill put in suit in Hunt- 
ington County in the hands of Jonath Henderson 81 12 

8 113 



i. 


d. 


6 


3 


I 


3 


12 


6 


15 


6 


13 


3 








8 


9 


5 





5 





18 


9 


II 


3 


12 


6 


ID 





2 


6 


ID 





15 











ID 





10 











5 





15 





15 





10 





2 


6 


7 


4 


15 





5 





12 


6 


12 


6 


15 





3 


9 



>2 



(Genealogical UecorD^ of pi)iUp aibri8l)t 

i 

Henry Neff. Note of Hand due aptli day of Jan., 1787 6 

Interest on by Note of Hand 3 

James Robb, By Book Act ( Desperato) 49 

Charles Mootz, By a Single Bill (Desperato) 30 

\\'m. Stuart, By Note put in suit (Desperato) 5 

John Winter, By Book 

George Bentz, By Book 13 

James Short, By Book 13 

Nathan Leitner, By Book 5 

Henry Korbman, By Book 5 

George Schnelbcrger, By Book o 

William Harris, By Book 5 

Christian Heilcndom, By Book i 

Jacob Doll, By Book 5 

Jacob Shriver, By Book 12 

Michael Shriver, By Book 8 

John Shetly. By Book 5 

Thomas Gould, By Book 2 

Frederick Zorger, By Book 2 

Philip Gossler, By Book 4 

Bnckly, By Book 5 

Christian Lehman, By Book 

Jacob Kramer, By Book 2 

Conrad Laub, Esq., By Book 5 

Frederick Rockie, By Book 7 

Conrad Shultz, By Book 7 

John Dennith, By Book 

Henry Bare, By Book 

Abraham Miller, By Book i 

John Rudisill, By Book 4 

Jonathan Jacobs, By Book 2 

John Edie, Esqr., By Book 4 

Lewis Wampler, By Book 

Catharine Wampler, By Book 

Henry Miller, Esq., By Book 10 

John May, By Book 

Conrad Welshhans, By Book 

Michael Row, By Book 40 

Jacob Stuck, By Book 

George Stoll. By Book 12 

Peter Dunckel, By Book 5 

Peter Dihl, By Book 3 

Thomas Hartley, Esq., By Book 2 

114 



J. 


d. 








13 


II 


5 











5 




13 


5 


13 


10 


12 


6 


4 





9 


4 


3 


I 


13 


8 


6 


3 


5 





3 


9 


8 


9 


I 


3 


8 


12 


16 





3 


6 


5 





8 


2 


6 


10 


6 





8 


6 


4 





7 


6 


14 





8 


9 


14 





14 


9 


19 


9 


15 





3 





18 


3 


12 





18 


9 


19 


7 


12 





2 


9 


7 


6 


14 


6 


15 






(Bcncalogtcal HccorDsi of }0l)iUp aibrigljt 

i s. d. 

Jacob Upp, By Book lo 8 

Joseph Welshhans, By Book 3 2 9 

Daniel Spangler, By Book 5 13 o 

John Morris, Doctor, By Book 10 8 

John Philby, By Book 3 15 9 

Christian Sinn, By Book 16 12 9 

Samuel Kurtz, By Book 2 13 i 

Jacob Byer, By Book o 4 9 

David Grier, Esq., By Book 3 3 o 

Rudolph Spangler, By Book 3 19 i], 

Robert Wilson, By Book 13 19 31^ 

John Clark, Esq., By Book 7 i o 

Matthew Chapman, By Book i 2 6 

Barthol Zeller, By Book 7 6 

Roberts, Attorney, By Book 5 4 6 

Barbara Smith, By Book 36 2 8 

James Campbell, Esq., By Book 4 7 o 

James Hall, Dr., By Book 3 18 o 

Timothy Kirk, By Book 2 7 6 

Frederick Eichelberger, By Book 2 7 6 

Peter Albright, By Book 5 18 6 



2 



Total 987 06 07J/2 

(Sundry debts not ascertained) 

" Andrew Rutter, affd., 

" , sworn, 

" Appraisers. 

" Exhibited into the Register's office at York the 12th day of May, A. D., 

1800. 

" By George Small, 

George Albright, 

" Administrators." 

1802. " The further account of George Albright and George Small, admin- 
istrators of all and singular the goods and chattels, rights and credits, which were 
of Philip Albright, late of York township, deceased, as follows, to wit : 

£ s. d. 
The said accountants charge themselves with all and singular 
the balance which remained in their hands at their former 
settlement made on the 3rd day of August, A.D., 1800, 

amounting to the sum of 614 10 6 

They also charge themselves with the price of deceased's tract 
of land in Northumberland County, sold in pursuance of an 
Order of Orphans' Court of said County to John Fox on the 

115 



©cncalogical lSccovD0 of i^ljtUp aibri8l)t 



I s. d. 
6tli day of March, 1801, for the sum of £550, payable as fol- 
lows, to wit: £200, on the loth day of May, 1801, £175 on 
the loth day of May, 1802, and £175 on the loth day of May, 

1803 550 o o 

Also with the following debts due by the following persons, not 
charged in former account, viz. : 

Ignatius Leitner, Sr., for grinding 3 17 11 

Godfrey Lenhart for grain 7 3 9 

Also the following sums received from the following persons not 
charged in former account, viz. : 

William Jones 1 5 o 

Abraham Lehman 12 9 

George Lewis Lefler, Esq i 10 o 

Also with cash received for barley 6 9 o 

Also with cash received of Henry King for Rye 32 12 6 

Also with cash received of Lawyer Henderson for rent which he 
recovered for deceased's tract of land in Huntington 

County * 10 10 o 

Also with rent received of Nathan Pagg for deceased's land in 

Northumberland County 27 o o 

Also with cash received of George Albright for deceased's share 

of the Rye raised on the dwelling place 10 10 o 

Also with cash received of George Albright for deceased's share 

of the income of the Mill 103 12 4^ 

Also with a balance received of Andrew Johnston not charged in 

former account 2 o 4 J/2 

They also charge themselves with the amount of the sales made 

at a second vendue, exceeding the appraisement of sundries. . 12 9 55^ 

Also with a debt received of John Edie not in Inventory 9 o 

Balance due to these accountants 787 17 oJ^S 



2172 9 8 

" The said accountants pray an allowance for their payments and disburse- 
ments out of said Estate since their former settlement, as follows : 

f s. d. 
No. I. By cash paid for deceased's funeral expenses per account 7 4 lYz 
No. 2. Ralph Bowie, Esq. for Thomas Willing, Esq. in dis- 
charge of a Bond principal and Interest per Bond and 

receipt 192 18 9 

No. 3. Barbara Smith's Executor's remainder of a Bond and 

interest as per Bond & Receipt 299 8 9 

* Philip Albright received warrant for two hundrutl acres of land in Huntingdon County, June ya, 
1796. (Penna. Archives, third series, vol. xxv. p. 67S.) 

116 



(Bcttcalogical KccorDji of J^l)ilip aibrigljt 

i s. d. 

No. 4. Martin Ebert, remainder per interest 117 9 9 

No. 5. Philip Ebert, remainder per interest 104 6 3 

No. 6. Rev. Jacob Goering, remainder per interest 155 14 loj-^ 

No. 7. Yost Herbach, remainder per interest zj 2 7 

No. 8. Christian Sinn, remainder per interest 167 13 7 

No. 9. Christian Sinn, Assignee of John Albright, remainder 

per interest 1 72 4 o 

No. ID. John Albright, remainder per interest 185 17 6 

No. 1 1. Michael Raub, remainder per interest 55 10 8 

No. 12. J. Barnitz, Executor of Chas. Barnitz. remainder per 

interest 22 i o 

No. 13. Ralph Bowie, Esq., remainder per interest 600 

No. 14. Michael Raub, per proven acct. & rect 9 16 o 

No. 15. George Hay, per proven acct. & rect 6 i 8J/2 

No. 16. Peter Kurtz (Balance), per proven acct. & rect ^,2 3 zYz 

No. 17. Philip Goser, per proven acct. & rect zj 7 9 

No. 18. Christian Schlichting, per proven acct. & rect 16 o 

No. 19. Jacob Hay, Esq., per proven acct. & rect 872 

No. 20. David Candler (Balance), per proven acct. & rect 11 4 i 

No. 21. John j\lay, per proven acct. & rect 19 8 

No. 22. Samuel Spangler, Administrator of Baltzer Spangler, 

per proven acct. & rect 2 13 10 

No. 23. Conrad Leatherman (Balance), per proven acct. & rect. 10 14 3 

No. 24. Peter Dinckel, per proven acct. & rect 22 14 2 

No. 25. Jacob Obb, per proven acct. & rect 2 6 i 

No. 26. Jacob Graybill, per proven account & rect 18 o 

No. 27. Alatthias Detter, per proven acct. & rect 7 6 

No. 28. Jonathan Jacobs, per proven acct. & rect 3 11 o 

No. 29. John Benison, (Balance), per proven acct. & rect 2 6 

No. 30. Matthew Chapman, per proven acct. & rect 2 5 o 

No. 31. Michael Shriver, per proven acct. & rect 8 12 7^ 

No. 32. George Leitner, per proven acct. & rect 8 18 7^^ 

No. 33. Godfrey Lenhart, per proven acct. & rect 12 6 

No. 34. Lewis Wampler, per proven acct. & rect 12 3 

No. 35. Joseph Welshans, per proven acct. & rect 2 10 6 

No. 36. Jacob Forry, per proven acct. & rect 11 o 

^^o- i7- Jacob Spangler, postage on letters, per receipt 4 8 

No. 38. Henry Miller, per order and per receipt 6 16 6 

No. 39. Robert Wilson, Crying V^endue, per receipt 2 12 6 

No. 40. Nathan Worley, per receipt 7 6 

No. 41. David Candler, per receipt i 5 3 

No. 42. Andrew Billmyer, Esq., per receipt i i" 6 

No. 43. J. Henderson, a Council fee, per receipt i 17 6 

117 



4 


I 


19 


7 


o 


o 


3 


2 


i8 


8/. 


19 


7 



dOicncalogical l^ccorDjs of pi}ilip 2XViVi%l)t 

£ s. 
No. 44. Chas. Hall, Esq. for transacting business concerning de- 
ceased's land in Northumberland County, per receipt 7 10 
No. 45. Chas. Hall, Esq., clerk's fee respecting the sale deceased's 

land, per receipt i 

No. 46. John Martin, Collector of Tax 

No. 47. Ignatius Leitner for clerking Inventory posting books, 

clerking Vendue, etc., per receipt 5 

No. 48. Jacob Smith for smith work 15 

No. 49. John Edie, Esq., the direct Tax 2 

No. 50. Rudolph Spangler for road Tax 

No. 51. Daniel Levy, Clerk of the Orphans' Court in North- 
umberland County, fees concerning deceased's land 
and for a copy of the proceedings thereof, per re- 
ceipt I 

No. 52. John Uyeth for advertising in newspapers 

No. 53. George Schusler for advertising in newspapers 

No. 54. Ephrm. Bonham for writing advertisements 

No. 55. John Halloway, crying sale of land, per receipt 1 

No. 56. Godfrey Rockafaller for County Tax for 1798, per receipt 
No. 57. Godfrey Rockafaller for County Tax for 1799, per receipt 

No. 58. John Buyers for County Tax, per receipt 

No. 59. Jacob Barnitz, Esq., Recording fees, etc., per receipt. .. 2 
No. 60. George Albright, one of these accountants, for repairing 

Mill dam fences etc., as per receipt 108 19 

They also pray an allowance for the following sums charged in 

Inventory and former Account against the following persons 

which are disputed, viz. : 

Conrad Shultz, per proven account 7 

Christian Sinn, per proven account 14 

Henry Nefif, per Note desperato 9 

Henry Miller, Esq 10 

Thomas Hartley, Esq., deceased 2 

John Clark, Esq 7 

No. 61. John Edie, Esq., per proven acct. & rect 5 

By cash paid stamped Bonds and drawing a Deed for deceased's 

land in Northumberland County i 7 i 

No. 62. By Cash paid expenses in going five times to Sunbury 

and Huntington, concerning deceased's land as per Bills. ... 34 7 2 
George Albright for 2)4 years wages for attending deceased's 

Mill, Etc 162 o o 

The Clerk for stating this account, etc 3 o o 

The Register's fees for examining, passing and filing this account, 

etc., and advertising i 17 6 

118 



15 


2 


II 


3 


15 





II 


3 


2 


6 


13 


6 


5 


2 


14 


4 


6 


4 



4 





3 


4 


3 


II 


18 


3 


15 


ID 


I 





16 






daicncaloijical laccorDjs of plnU\t 2lhvi%l}t 



£ s. d. 

The Clerk of Orphan's Court fees 8 y 

The allowance to these accountants for their further trouble and 
expences, viz. : 

To George Small 45 o o 

To George Albright 2? 10 o 

This account was filed by the administrators at the Register's Oiitice at York 
on February 20, 1802. 

On March 24, 1802, at a session of the Orphans" Court, the administrators 
Filed an account showing a balance of £787 ijs. j^d. 

This was followed by the final account in which the 

"Accountants charge themselves with the Merchant Mill, etc, part of 

deceased's real estate taken by George Albright at the valuation. . . . $3733-33 
They also charge themselves with the amount received for a tract of land 
in Huntingdon County sold to John Miller, Esq. in pursuance of the 

Court, etc 2223.60 

To cash received more than Inventory 5.28 

Also with amount received from Samuel Roberts not heretofore charged 164.40 
Also with amount received from John Miller recovered from J. Fatten 11-38 
Accountants pray a credit for a balance due them on their former ac- 
count settled the 20th day of February, A.D., 1802 2100.93 

Also pray a credit for further payment, etc., made out of said Estate 

since last settlement as follows, to wit : 
No. I. Cash paid George Schussler printing in Gazette at North- 
umberland per receipt 1.50 

No. 2. Cash paid Ignatius Leitner writing a lease per receipt .75 

No. 3. Cash paid David Cassat, Esq., petitioning for valuation of 

deceased's Real Estate per receipt 14.00 

No. 4. Cash paid J. Eichelberger per receipt 1.50 

No. 5. Cash paid Henry Sehler 2.30 

No. 6. Cash paid Joseph Beard, costs 17.06 

No. 7. Cash paid David Cassat, advice 10.00 

No. 8. Ephraim Pennington, proven acct 8.77 

No. 9. Cash paid Daniel Roth, rock surveying, per receipt 10.00 

No. 10. Cash Paid John Miller, Esq., sheriff costs on valuation etc. 

per receipt 21 .09 

No. II. Cash paid W. A. Thompson, council fee per receipt 4.00 

No. 12. Cash paid Jacob Spangler per receipt i.oo 

No. 13. Cash paid W. A. Thompson, Counsel, per receipt 8.00 

By commission on collecting of a Bond against John Fatten allowed 

R. Allison 29.70 

By commission to R. Allison on the collecting of money from John 

Miller, Esq 55.59 

119 



(Genealogical BecorDjs of jDljilip aibvtgl)t 

Accountants also pray a credit for the following accounts charged in the 
Inventory not recovered, etc. : 

Henry Korbman, settled by deceased $14-56 

Christian Heckendorn, (settled by deceased ) 3.50 

Frederick Zorger, (disputed) 7.58 

Dr. John Alorris, (on account) 1.40 

John Philby, (on account) 10.10 

Samuel Kurtz, ( paid deceased) 7.08 

David Grier, Esq. (on account) 8.40 

Rudolph Spangler, (on account) 10.55 

Doctor Hall, (on account) 10.40 

Frederick Eichelberger (paid deceased) 7.66 

Paid Christian Zinn, on account per receipt 57-31 

James Hamilton, Esq., Collections, per receipt 50.00 

J. Henderson, Esq., Collections, per receipt 50.00 

By the debt charged against Charles Mootz which was not recovered . . 37114 

Paid David Small, stating accounts 4.00 

Paid C. A. Barnitz, counsel and business done 10.00 

The Register's fees for tliis account, advertise-copy and all fees 6.00 

The Clerk of Orphans' Court fees i.oo 

The Attorney on confirmation thereof 5.00 

To the allowance to the accountants for their trouble and e.xpense in 
administering. With the expenses of the accountants in going to 
Huntington County and other distant counties on the business of 

this estate 260.00 

Balance in hands of accountants 2946.12 



■■ Exhibited into the Register's at 
York, the 3rd day of March, A.D., 
1827. 

'■ Sworn to and signed by George 
Small, acting administrator of the estate 
of Philip Albright, deceased. 

" Before me, Jacob B. Wentz, Regis- 
ter." 



$6137.99 



Heirs of Philip Albright, deceased, 
the following sums paid them. 

Siims $280.00 

C. Shultz 280.00 

Leatherman 280.00 

P Kurtz 301.00 



At an Orphans' Court held April 5. 1827: 

" George .Small and George .\lbright administrators of Philip Albright de- 
ceased, produced an account as settled by the Register of this Countv wdicreby 
there appears to bo a balance in their hands of two thousand nine himdred and 
forty six dollars and twelve cents ($2946.12) which tlie Court does hereby 
confirm." * 



■• Orphans' Court Records, Docket P, p. 109. 
120 



cEJcncalogical lUccovD?; of y>\)i\ip aibrigi^t 

Children of Philip and Anna Maria Ursula Albright : 

6. George Albright", married Susan Herman. 

7. Helena Christina Albright', baptized March 4. 1760; died 1795; married Conrad 

Leatherman. 

8. Helena Catharina Albright", born May 22, 1762; died April 17, 1839; married 

George Peter Kurtz. 

9. Margaretha Albright', born November 22, 1764; died November, 1805; married 

George Christian Sinn. 

10. Philip Albright', married Catherine Reigart. 

11. Anna Maria Albright', born 1766; died January 20, 1840; married George 

Small. 

12. Elizabeth Albright', married Conrad Schultz. 

6. George, or Johann Georg Albrighf (Philip% George'), born in 
Windsor Township, York County ; married Susan Herman. He succeeded his 
father in the milling business at the homestead, and carried it on later at what 
is now known as the P. A. & S. Small's Codorus Alills. In 1800 he served as 
captain of the local militia.* It is believed that he was buried on or near his 
mill property. 

Children of George and Susan Albright : 

13. Philip Albright'. 

14. George Albright'. 

15. Herman Albright'. 

16. Charles Albright'. 

17. Susan Albright*. 

18. Alexander Albright*. 

7. Helena Christina Albright' (Philip-, George'), baptized March 4, 
1760; witnesses Theophilus and Helen Slagle ; died about 1795; married Conrad 
Leatherman, iron merchant. He is said to have been the wealthiest man in the 
county. He died in November, 1817. By his will, probated December 11, 1817, 
his entire estate passed to his daughter and only child Alargaret Leatherman (19), 
who married Dr. John Spangler, and had at least one child, Ferdinand, as shown 
by the will of Conrad Leatherman. f 

8. Helena Catharina Albright' (Philip-, George'), born May 22, 1762; 
baptized May 30, 1762; witnesses, Peter Dinkel and wife Catherine; died 
April 17, 1839; married, in 1783. George Peter Kurtz, born December 4, 1749: 
died September 10, 1835. Both were buried in Christ Lutheran church-yard in 
York. 

Peter Kurtz was a member of Captain Hahn's Company of York County 
militia in the Revolution. J He was for many years a successful merchant in the 
town of York, and died leaving a considerable fortune. 



* Lewis Miller's Chronicles. 

t York County Wills, Book N, p. 488. 

t Penna. Archives, third series, vol. vii. p. 65. 



Genealogical EecovDjs of i^ljilip aibrig^t 

Children of Peter and Catherina Kurtz : 

20. Maria Kurtz'. 

21. Elizabeth Kurtz'. 

22. Samuel Kurtz'. 

23. Maria Ursula Kurtz*. 

24. Charles Kurtz'. 

25. Theresa Kurtz*. 

26. Julianna Kurtz'. 

27. Catherine Kurtz'. 

28. George Peter Kurtz'. 

29. Amelia Kurtz'. 

30. William Henry Kurtz'. 

9. Margaretha Albright' (Philips George^), born November 22, 1764; 
died November, 1805; married George Christian Sinn, of Yorktovvn, who came 
from Germany, and was naturalized April 10, 1760.* He served as lieutenant 
of the Third Company, First Battalion of York County militia, under Colonel 
Henry Miller, in 1779.! During the Revolution he supplied large quantities of 
provisions to the Continental troops. 

George Sinn died May 26, 1804, leaving a will dated March 14, 1804, which 
was probated the 22d of June following. His wife Margaretha, Peter Kurtz, and 
Martin Ebert were named executors. Abraham Grofflins and Martin Ebert were 
appointed guardians of the two minor daughters, Rebecca and Amia Maria. 

Letters of administration on the estate of Margaretha Sinn were granted 
December 19, 1805, to Jacob Spangler. 

Both George and Margaretha Sinn are buried in the graveyard of Zion 
Lutheran Church. The tombstone of the wife is much shattered and the inscrip- 
tion quite illegible. That of the husband reads as follows: 

" Denkmal der Ehren 
Welches Treue und Liebe ihrem 
Verblichenen Ehegatten und 
Vater aufgerichtet haben 
Georg Christian Sinn 
Wurde geboren den 23 sten Junius, 1756 
Und Gestorben den 26 sten May, 1804. 
Seines Alters 47 Jahr, 1 1 Monate und 3 Tage. 

" Mein Grab ist mir zur Grenze Worden 
Es scheidet mich von aller Noth 
Gott Macht es mir zur Ehren-Pforte 
Er fiirhret mich selbst durch den Tod 
Und lasset mich ein Lebcn finden 
Wo Triibsal, Angst und Noth versclnvinden." 



* Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ii. p. 403. The name is frequently written Zinn. 
t Ibid., second series, vol xiv. p. 510. 

122 



(Genealogical EccorDiS of |^l)tliv aibrfgljt 

Children of George Christian and Margaretha Sinn ; 

31. John Morris Sinn*. 

32. Jacob Sinn'. 

33. Christiana Sinn*. 

34. Rebecca Sinn*. 

35. Anna Maria Sinn*. 

10. Philip Albright^ (Philip^, George'), married Catherine Reigart or 
Reichard, daughter of Adam and Catherine Reigart, of Lancaster. He removed 
from York to Lancaster, where he was engaged for a time in the printing and 
publishing business. Eventually he went West and all trace of him has been lost. 

Children of Philip and Catherine Albright : 

36. Catherine Albright*. 

37. Anna Maria Albright*. 

38. Elizabeth Albright*. 

39. George Albright*. 

40. Philip Albright*. 

11. Anna Maria Albright^ (Philip", George'), born 1766; died January 
20, 1840; married George Small. (See page 25.) 

12. Elizabeth Albright^ (Philips, George'), married Conrad Schultz or 
Shultz, whose will was dated January 3, 1846, and probated April 22, 1850.* 

Conrad Schultz was largely engaged in the brewing business, with interests 
in Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio, Baltimore, Maryland, Germantown and Co- 
lumbia, Pennsylvania. He was related to Schultz, of the firm of Schultz, Konir 
& Co. of Baltimore, who were great merchants in their day. He left a large estate. 

Children of Conrad and Elizabeth Schultz : 

41. Jefferson Schultz*. 

42. Conrad Schultz*. 

43. William Schultz*. 

44. Mary Schultz*. 

45. Henry Schultz*. 

46. Elizabeth Schultz*. 

47. Charles Schultz*. 

48. Harriet Schultz*. 



* York County Wills, Book I, p. 312. 



123 






(genealogical 3£ifcorl)0 of 
Soljann BanicI Biinchel 




^Sl V&s ft^ 



'N August 29, 1730, seventy-six passengers of the 
■' Thistle," from Rotterdam, were quaHfied in Phila- 
delphia.* Among these was one Johannes Dunkell. 
Whether this was the Johann Daniel DinkeP who 
settled in York, Pennsylvania, has been a matter of sur- 
mise. The indications rather point to the contrary if 
his daughter Alaria Catherine was born in Alsace in 
1746, as appears by the record written by her husband 
in their family Bible. 
In the region about Strasburg, from whence the Dinkelf family came, were 
many followers of Zwingle. Owing to the vigorous action of the government to 
stamp out the Reformed religion, thousands of its persecuted inhabitants were 
forced to seek homes elsewhere. It was probably as a result of this persecution 
that the Dinkel family emigrated to America. 

That Johann Daniel Dinkel was a man of importance in his own country 
there is but little doubt. His son-in-law refers to him, in the Bible record men- 
tioned above, as "the Honorable Johann Daniel Diinkel." The title was not 
acquired after coming here, or .some public notice of it could be found. 

An old engraving, bearing the date 1725, and owned by one of his de- 
scendants.J shows " Johann Daniel Dunckel," of Strasburg, as a writer. Beneath 
the picture is the Dunckel coat of arms. Its counterpart has been found in Sieb- 
macher"s " Wappenbuch," page 24. The research for records of this family made 
abroad has not met with success. § 

Maria Ursula, the wife of Johann Daniel Dinkel. is also believed to have been 
of gentle blood. The inscription in an old German hymn-book once belonging to 
her is given as a proof of this : " Alaria Ursula Duncklerin. Geboren Gornussin 
\'on Colmar: geboren 1713, den 2 April." (Maria Ursula Dunckel, of noble 
birth from Colmar, born April 2, 1713.) || 



• Penna. -Archives, second series, vol. xvii. p. 20. 

t The ii.ime appe.irs as Diinckel, Dunkel, and more frequently as Dinkel. It appears in tlie latter 
form in the signature to the will of " Daniel Dinkel," and on the tombstone of his wile. 

J J. C. Schmidt, of York, Pennsylvania. 

? The records of Colmar and Strasburg, with the exception of those held at Paris and Berlin, were 
destroyed during the Napoleonic and Franco- Prussian Wars. 

II See page 221. 

124 



•f' ^J^/f/.w 










d^cncalogfcal liJccorDjS of 3iOl)ann W>anitl ©iincftcl 

Many interesting stories are told of Maria Ursula* or " Sliiny Cap Dinkel,"' 
as she was called. These may be found in the foot-note under the record of her 
daughter Margaretha Salome and in the copy of the newspaper article at the end 
of this sketch. 

According to tradition, her family name was Von Ernest or Von Harnst, 
but in an application to the Orphans' Court of York County, May 29, 1759, she 
styles herself " Maria Ursula Hermsdorf, late widow of Johan Daniel Dinkel." 
This probably gives her maiden name. That it was not changed by marriage is 
proved by the inscription on her tombstone in the church-yard of Christ Lutheran 
Church in York, which reads : 

" Hier Riihet Maria Ursula Dinkel, Geborn a'^n April 1713; Gestorben den 291^0 
September, 1793. Jahres Allen 80 Jahr, 6 Monate Weniger 3 Tage." 

On the footstone are the initials, M. U. D. 

The resting-place of her husband is not known. If buried in the same en- 
closure with his wife, no stone marks the spot. His will and the inventory of his 
estate are here given, and the curious spelling of the inventory is followed. 

THE WILL OF (jOHANN) D.\NIEL DINKEL. 

" In the name of God Amen the sixth day of Aprill in the year of our Lord 
one thousand seven hundred and fifty four I, Daniel Dinkel in the town and county 
cf York and Province of Pennsilvania Yocman being at present well & healthy in 
body & of perfect mind and memory thanks be given unto God therefore calling 
unto Mind the mortality of my body and knowing that it is appointed for all man 
once to Dye, do make and ordain this my last will and testament. That is to say 
principally and first of all I give and recommend my soul into the hands of God 
that gave it and for my body I recommend it to the earth to be buried in a Chris- 
tianlike and decent manner at the discretion of my executors, nothing doubting but 
at the general resurrection I shall receive the same again by the mighty power 
of God and as touching such worldly estate wherewith it has pleased God to bless 
me in this life I give devise and dispose of the same in the following manner and 
form viz : Imjirimis, It is my will and I do order that in the first place all my just 
debts and funeral charges be paid and satisfied. I give and bequeath unto Mary 
Ursula Dinkel my dearly beloved wife my Feader Bed and Bead stead and all 
what belongs thereunto for her own for ever ; like wise all her apparel and all my 
whole Estate Real and movable during her life Time; but if it should happen that 
she should marry again to another Husband, then it shall be divided one half of 
my said Real and movable Estate, one half to her and the other half to my six 
Children, which half shall be Equally divided amongst them. Namely Daniel 
Dinkel and Peter Dinkel and Margaretha Salome Dinkel, Anna Mary Dinkel, 



* A very elaborately carved, silver-mounted measuring stick, once owned by Maria Ursula Diinckel 
and engraved with her name, is owned by Miss Anna Small. 

125 



(I5cncal08ical EccorD0 of 9iOl)ann W>anitl "BixncUl 

Mary Catharine Dinkel and Alary Dorothea Dinkel and not before she intend to 
marry again, and as for the other half, it is to be in her possession during her life 
Time, and if she should get children with the other Husband then the said half of 
her shall after her decease be Equally divided among the afore named six children, 
but if she should dye without children by the next husband then it shall fall to 
(them that she get by the other husband) my said six Children be equally 
divided amongst them as aforesaid. 

" Lastly I constitute, nominate and appoint my dearly beloved wife Mary 
Ursula Dinkel and my trusty friends George Son and George Christian Sinn to be 
my only and sole Executors of this my last Will and testament. And I do 
hereby utterly disallow Revoke and Disannul all and every other former Testa- 
ments, Wills, legacies and Exec'.^ by me in any ways before this time named Willed 
and bequeathed ratifying and confirming this and no other to be my last Will and 
testament. 

" In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal dated the day and 
year first above written. 

(Signed) "Daniel Dinkel." [seal] 

Witnesses : Jacob Billmyer, Jacob Fackler, Barthl. Maul. 



The will was probated November 7, 1755. 



* 



" The goods of John Daniel Dinkel Deceased valued by us this Day of 

December 1755. 

i s. d. 

To A Black Koate and Jacket i 15 o 

To A Brown koate 15 O 

To a white Koate 10 o 

To a Bede gown 7 6 

To a Blue Jacket 7 o 

To two white Bete stof Jackets 9 o 

To six hanger shirt muslin 15 o 

Five hangearchirf not so good 5 o 

To ten mans shirds 2 10 O 

To four shirts 9 O 

To Bede stof 15 o 

To a Bede Case 5 o 

To 8 Sheeds 2 o o 

To 5 Sheeds i o o 

To towo teble Clots 6 o 

To five hand towels 10 o 

To 8 of the same 8 o 

To 21 hand touels i o o 

To a Bede Case 10 o 



'•■"iWill Book A, p. 119, York, Pennsylvania. 
126 



(Genealogical EecorDji of 9iol)ann ©aniel jDiincfeel 

i s. d. 

To Two Boulster Casses 5 o 

To one Boulster Case 5 ° 

To a half Bede Case 5 O 

To 4 table Cloaths i2 o 

To a Boulster 3 ^ 

To 2 Boulster Cases 5 o 

To 4 Boulster Cases and an old hanger chief 5 6 

To 2 Boulster Cases 3 6 

To two of the same 6 

To a Bede case and 2 old table Cloths i 9 

To 6 little bakes 2 o 

To 2-5^ yord of Cloth 3 o 

To two Pound of Plue Yarn 5 o 

To a Buter Dich 7 6 

To 2 Borinchers with lads 5 o 

To a tea Kattle and a Sold Pox 3 6 



i8 8 



To a Buder dich 2 o 

To 12 Buder blade 15 o 

To 12 of the same 12 o 

To a Ditto and a blade 2 o 

To 6 Buder caps i 4 

To a glase Sold Cup 2 6 

To 4 Knifes and 1 1 forks 2 o 

To 3 old Silver Spunes 15 o 

To 2 pair of Knifes with silver 8 o 

To a brass Morter 8 o 

To a Chist of Several sorts of trocks 2 14 o 

To 8 pieces of deap 8 o 

To a flored band i 9 o 

To several sorts of Silks band 14 o 

To several sorts of silk i 5 o 

To 6 pieces of half Silk 8 o 

To 2 Yarts of Bede Stofe and Pocket hangerchief 8 o 

To Blue Calico 11 o 

To 4 Pair of Stockings 8 o 

To 2 yards of linnen and flanel 4 O 

To quils I 6 

To Colard Sowing thread 7 o 

To Whide threade 3 o 

To Ride yarn i o 

To Woolen strings 2 6 

127 



dOicncalogical UccorD^ of 3ol)a»« J^antcl JDiincfecl 



i s. d. 

To several leases ° ^ 

To Whide Borders i7 o 

To a Peber Mill 2 o 

To 6 Bakes i8 o 

To thread & Bottens 5 o 

To Shue maker awls - 6 

To a gould Scales 3 o 



To 8 pound of flax 

To 7-^4 Dosent of Boder Botens 

To Musgate flowers 

To 2 pair of Scales 

To 2 pairs of tin sceale 

To one Bede and a Boulster 

To the same i 

To a great Bible 

To a Sarmen Book 

To two other Books 

To a Catakisem 

To an other Book 

To a Book of Confession 

To 15 Books 

To a Hisery Book 

To 2 Spinnen Wheels and a real 

To a Bede Steate 

To 2 Chists 

To a doe trofe 

To a Pox. iron 

To 3 Iron pots with leds 

To a Cper pot 

To a Teapot and 3 iron spons and a flesh fork 

To a Prass pan and fier shofel and tongs 

To 2 Chist 

To 2 Pails 

To a Cat lash 

To a Chist 

To 4 Poimd of lead 



To an open Bede 1 10 o 

To A Boulster 10 o 

128 



15 6 


6 


5 


4 


2 


6 


5 





4 





2 





I 5 





I 5 





7 


6 


9 





15 





3 





I 





I 





19 





3 





18 





8 





16 





4 





3 





I 10 





12 





5 





4 





12 





I 


4 


2 





8 





2 


7 


12 13 


3 



(I5cncalostcal 5SccorDj3 of 9;ol)ann 5Banicl 5E>unc6cl 

£ i. d. 

To 2 Billers 14 o 

To an Other Boulster 3 o 

To a Bede Case 10 o 

To 4 Sheeds i 2 o 

To 4 hand doulels 5 o 

To a Bede Steals 1 1 o 

To 2 Chirs 5 o 

To a little Chist 9 o 



05 19 00 
" Jacob Billmyer ) Qualified 29th 
"Jacob Fackler [ Deer. 1755. 

"Cor. Geo. Stevenson." 

At a session of the Orphans' Court held March 29, 1759: 
" Maria Urshula Hermsdorf late the widow of Johan Daniel Dinkle late 
of York Town deceased, Came into Court and prayed that Johan Peter Dinkle 
a minor orphan son of the aforesaid Johan Daniel Dinkle aged seventeen years 
the seventeenth day of June last may be bound an apprentice to Johannes Sputter 
of York Town Sadler. It is considered by the Court and the said Johan Peter 
Dinkle is hereby bound an apprentice to the said Johannes Spiitter until he shall 
be aged twenty one years. In consideration whereof the said Johannes Spiitter 
doth covenant and agree to teach or cause to be taught to the said apprentice 
the Art or Alystery of a sadler which he now practiseth and to furnish and allow 
the said apprentice sufficient Meat, drink, apparel, washing and lodging during 
the said term and at the expiration thereof to pay unto him two suits of apparel 
one whereof shall be new and of the value of nine pounds or nine pounds in 
Money which the said apprentice shall there choose."* 

Children of Johann Daniel and Maria Ursula Dinkel'.f 

2. Margaretha Salome Dinkel', born April 6, 1736; died June 29, 1813; married 

Philip Caspar Spengler. 

3. Anna Maria Dinkel", died February 23, 1797; married Colonel Philip Albright. 

4. Johann Daniel Dinkel', born June 17, 1741; married Anna Margaret RiihI. 

5. Peter Dinkel", born July 11, 1742; died December 22, 1827; married Eliza Wolf. 

6. Maria Catherine Dinkel", born June 22, 1746; died March 22. 1831; married 

David Candler. 

7. Maria Dorothea Dinkel", born 1748; died June 12, 1835; married Rudolf 

Spengler. 

2. Margaretha Saloir.e Dinkel- (Johann Daniel^), born April 6, 1736; 



* Orphans' Court Docket A, p. iiS, York, Pennsyh'ania. 

t The dates of births and deaths of the children of Johann Daniel Dinkel are mostly taken from 
their tombstones. The dates of births of the grandchildren, given later, are either from the German 
Lutheran or Evangelical Lutheran Church records. 

9 129 



(Kcncaloaical EccorDjs of 9!ol)ann Bantcl J^iincficl 

died June 29, 1813; buried in Zion Lutheran church-yard, York, Pennsylvania; 
married Philip Caspar Spengler, born about 1730; died 1786. 

To quote from " The Spengler Families," * " Philip Caspar Spengler was 
the youngest son of Caspar and Judith Spengler, and resided with the latter 
on his plantation one mile east of York. Caspar [Spengler] in his will, pro- 
bated in 1760, devised two hundred acres of this land to Philip Caspar, and one 
hundred to his son Bernhard. The latter afterwards conveyed his devise to Philip 
Caspar, who at the time of his demise owned four hundred acres of valuable 
York valley land." 

It appears that the executors of Philip Caspar's father, Caspar, were not 
strictly executing the duties of their trust; for we find him making complaint 
to the Deputy Register, which evoked the following remonstrance : 

" To the Executors of Caspar Spengler, deceased: 

" Philip Caspar Spengler complains to me as Register of this county that 
you intend to sell his Part of the Movable Effects which he should have in right 
of his father by the Will. 

" I take this opportunity to tell you that as Caspar Spengler left Money to 
pay his Debts, you have no right to sell Philip Caspar's, nor the Share of any 
other Legatee without Consent : the right way is to divide agreeable to the 



* " The Spengler Families," by Edward \V. Spangler, p. 85, 87. The following account of the 
Dinkel family, in the same work, is made largely from tradition. 

"Margaret Salome was the daughter of Johann Daniel Diinckel (Dinkel), a nobleman of Stras- 
burg, Germany, and Maria Ursula his wife. The latter's father was also a nobleman, Peter von Ernest 
von Colmar. In a German hymn-book (edition of 1733) of Maria Ursula, lately in possession of her 
great-granddaughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Shearer, of York (who recently, 1.895, died, aged 85 years), is the 
following inscription : ' Maria Ursula Duncklerin, Geboren Gornussin Von Colmar : geboren 1713, den 
2 April.' (Maria Ursula Diinckel, of noble birth from Colmar, born April 2, 1713.) According to a 
tradition Maria Ursula's father's name was Peter von Ernest, and not Gornussin. A very thorough 
inspection of the French and German works on Heraldry in Philadelphia and New York libraries 
failed to disclose the name Gornussin. It was probably an afli.x, and a corruption of ' garnichts thun,' 
complete idleness, to denote aristocratic birth as distinguished from an origin plebeian. 

" The Von Ernest coat of arms consists of an anchor in a shield, above it a coat or tunic of armor, 
surmounted by a dove with olive branches in its mouth (Siebmacher's ' Wappenbuch,' in Astor 
Library, New York, vol. 5-1-3, page 4). The Dunckel coat of arms represents three heads and sheaves 
of wheat on a shield, with a coat of armor above, surmounted by three heads and sheaves of wheat. 
(Same book, page 24.) 

"Johann Daniel Dinkel was detained in Germany, and did not accompany his wife and children 
to America. He died of a fever in the fatherland soon after their arrival here in 1753. Peter Dinkel, 
their only son, was fifteen years old when they emigrated from Germany. At his baptism the King 
and Queen of Prussia were sponsors. The baptismal cloth, a square piece of silk velvet with tassels, 
used on that occasion, was afterwards used in the baptism of Maria Ursula's grand-children. . . . 

" By the populace she was called ' Shiny Cap Dinkle,' from the hand.some cap and robe she wore, 
spangled with gold. She sat in state one day in the year to receive her children, grandchildren, and 
friends. The pews occupied by the family in Christ Lutheran Church, York, were known as the royal 
pews, and were not allowed to be profaned by occupancy by the unaristocratic. She sold her jewels 
for two thousand dollars, and with the i)roceeds purchased the house on the south side of West Market 
Street, below Beaver Street, afterwards occupied and owned by the late William Danner. A large 
number of her descendants attained distinction in both civil and military life." 

To Mr. Spangler thanks are due for much additional Dinkel information contained in this sketch. 

130 




^ffmM-----' 



(Genealogical BecorDji of 91ol)ann ?©aniel jBiincfeel 

inventory to each Legatee liis or her Share, and let every one do as he pleases 
with his own — make out a list of what you deliver to each legatee according to 
the appraisement, and take a receipt which I will allow as your voucher when 
you settle. 

(Signed) "George Stevenson, D. R." 

Letters of administration on the estate of Philip Caspar Spengler were 
granted to his widow Margaretha Spengler and Peter Diehl. In their account 
of the personal estate, filed December i, 1786, they charge themselves with 
£985 gs. ^d; credits £385 15,?. yd., leaving a balance in favor of the heirs of 
£609 i2,s. lod. The real estate, of which there was considerable, was disposed 
of under proceedings in partition, and the proceeds thereof were not included in 
the administration account filed. 

Children of Philip Caspar and Margaretha Salome Spengler:* 

8. Charles Spangler", married (i) Susanna Diehl; (2) Anna Welsh. 

9. Michael Spangler", married Catherine Schweisgood. 

10. Philip Spengler", married Rebecca Stover. 

11. Frederick Spangler'. 

12. Elizabeth Spangler", married (i) John Herback; (2) Robert Miller. 

13. Solomon Spangler^ married Taylor. 

14. Daniel Spangler'. 

15. David Spengler". 

16. Anthony Spengler", married Catherine Kendrick. 

17. Anna Mary Spangler', married Henry Imschwiller. 



3. Anna Maria DinkeP (Johann DanieP), died February 27,. 1797; mar- 
ried Colonel Philip Albright. (See Albright record, page 102.) 

4. Johann Daniel Dinkel- (Johann DanieF). born June 17, 1741 ; mar- 
ried Anna Margaret, daughter of John William and Gertrude Rhul, or Riehl, 
of York. Five of their children are mentioned in the will of their grandfather. 
William Riehl, in 1781. The names of but four are known. 

Children of Johann Daniel and Anna Margaret Dinkel : 

18. Gertrude DinkeP, born October 26, 1758; baptized November 8, 1758; wit- 
nesses, John William and Gertrude Ruhl; died before March 20, 1844; 
married, March 27, 1780, Peter Engle Moore, f born December 20, 1756, at 
Manchester, England; died March 20. 1844, in Pennsylvania. Peter Engle 
Moore entered the British army when nineteen years of age, and in 1776 
accompanied the king's forces to America. Peter and Gertrude Engle 
Moore had child: 

i. John Engle Moore'. 



* It will be noticed that some of the children of Philip Caspar Spengler changed the spelling of 
the name to Spangler. 

t This name appears on the church register as Peter Mohr ; in obituary notice as Peter Englemore. 

131 



(Genealogical ISecorDjS of 9Iol)ann jDaniel JDiincfecl 

19. Catherine Dinkel", married Eztkicl Boring, of York County. Children: 

i. Peter Boring'. 

ii. Ezekiel Boring', 
iii. William Boring', 
iv. John Boring'. 

V. Jacob Boring', 
vi. Daniel Boring', 
vii. Catherine Boring', 
viii. Elizabeth Boring', 
ix. Sarah Boring'. 

20. Margaret Dinkel', born December 23. 1760; baptized January i, 1761; wit- 

nesses, Philip Caspar and Margaret Spengler; * died 1839; married 
Leonard Banmgardner. Children: 
i. Elizabeth Baumgardner'. 
ii. Catherine Baumgardner'. 
iii. Sarah Baumgardner'. 
iv. Rebecca Baumgarner'. 
V. Daniel Baumgardner'. 
vi. Anna Maria Baumgardner'. 
vii. Thomas Baumgardner'. 

21. Daniel Dinkel', born November 21, 1762; baptized December 19, 1762; wit- 

nesses, Peter and Barbara Knhn. f 

5. Peter Dinkel- ( Juliann DanieP), born July 11, 1742; died December 
22, 2827; married, February 15, 1767, Eliza Wol{,$ born 1748; died May 7, 
1830. Both were buried in the graveyard of Christ (Lutheran) Church, in York. 

Peter Dinkel was a prominent merchant of York. His store was at the 
corner of Market and Beaver Streets, where the National House now stands. 
During the war of the Revolution he was an " ardent patriot," and in active 
service in Captain Ehrman's company, York County militia. In June, 1781, this 
company was engaged in guarding British prisoners. § 

Peter Dinkel, in 1776, furnished army supplies, as is shown by the following :|| 

" Dr, The State of Pennsylvania with Peter Dinkel of York Town, for Belts, 
Scabbards and Pottches, delivered to the following captains of York Co. Soldiers 
in the Army and Militia : 

1776. £ .s. d. 

April I. To Capt. Philip Albright, Col. Miles" Battalion 6 4 i 

July 12. To Capt. Charles Lukens, ist Battalion Militia 2 18 6 

July 16. To Capt. John Wright, ist Battalion Militia 2 18 6 

July 16. To Capt. Michael Smyscr, ist Battalion Militia i 7 8 

July 22. To Capt. Samuel Nelson, 5th Bat o 10 o 

July 22. To Capt. George Long, ist Bat o 18 o 



* Records of Christ Lutheran Church, York, 
t Evangelical Lutheran Church Records, York. 
t German Reformed Church Records. 
i Penna. Archives, third series, vol. vii. p. 63. 
It Gibson's History of York, p. 551. 



(KcncaloQical EccorDsi of 9)0l)ann ?Dauiel JBiincfeel 

£ J. d. 

Aug. 8. To Capt. William McClellan, 2d Bat o 4 o 

July 22. To Capt. John McDonald, ist Bat 4 17 i 

Amount 19 17 11 

In 1 79 1 Peter Dinkel was collector of State and county levies.* His will, 
dated December 15, 1817, proved December 31, 1827,! names but six of his 
children. 

Children of Peter and Eliza Dinkel : 

22. Maria Barin DinkeP. 

23. Peter Dinker, died in the spring of 1840; married Hannah , and had 

children: t 

i. Peter Dinkel'. 
ii. Enos Dinkel'. 
iii. Rebecca Dinkel'. 
iv. Hannah Dinkel'. 

24. Catherine DinkeP, born January 21, 1768; married Jacob Doudle, who, in 1783, 

owned three hundred acres of land in Newberry Township, York County. 

25. Sarah DinkeP, married, 1797, John Eichelberger, of York, who was a member 
of the State Legislature in 1825. 

a6. Elizabeth DinkeP, born January 16, 1772; married Jacob Eichelberger, sheriflf 
of York County, 1804, and member of the State Legislature, 1807. 

27. Anna Mary DinkeP, married Colonel Samuel Spangler. 

28. Daniel DinkeP, married Rebecca , and had children: 

i. Henry Dinkel'. 

ii. Daniel Dinkel'. 
iii. Anna Catherine Dinkel'. 
iv. John Peter Dinkel'. 

V. Maria Elizabeth Dinkel'. 

6. Maria Catherine Dinkel- (Johann Daniel'), born June 22, 1746; died 
March 22, 1831 ; married, § October 30, 1763, David Candler, son of Rev. David 
Candler; no issue. Both were buried in the graveyard of Zion Church, York, 
Pennsylvania. 

In the German Bible of David Candler || (edition of 1776) is the following 
inscription : 

" David Cantler, born April 28, 1740, in Schlotterdam, on Hackensack 
River, New Jersey, married, October 30, 1763, Maria Catherine Dunkel, daughter 
of Honorable Johann Daniel Diinkel, deceased. My wife was born, June 22, 
1746, in Alsace, Bruhm, Germany Europe." 

This fixes the date of the arrival of the family later than has been sup- 



* Penna. Herald and York General Advertiser, November 2, 1791. 
t York County Wills, Book P, p. 534. 
X Ibid., Book S, p. 103. 

'i This may have been her second husband, as the records of Christ Lutheran Church give the 
marriage of a Catherine Dinkel to Michael Schrot, July 6, 1760. 
II The name occurs as Canller, Candler, and Condler. 

133 



(Genealogical JSecovDji of 3iOl)ann lE^aniel jDiincliel 

posed, unless the mother had gone on a visit to the fatherland — a rather un- 
likely proceeding. 

David Candler (as the name is signed to his will) was one of the first 
burgesses after York was erected into a borough in 1787.* 

He served as a member of Captain Ehrman's Company, in 1781, in the 
war of the Revolution, f 

His will, dated February 3, 1801, was proved at York, August 4, 1801. 
His wife also left a will, dated July 6, 1821, proved April i, 1831.:!: 

7. Maria Dorothea Dinkel- (Johann DanieF), born 1748; died June 12. 
1835; married, January i, 1767, § Rudolph Spengler, || born 1738: died August 5. 
181 1 ; son of Baltzer Spengler, Sr. 

To quote again from " The Spengler Families :" ^ 

" He [Rudolf Spengler] was an unerring shot, and on the morning of his 
wedding-day he repaired with his gun and deer-hounds to Baumgardner's woods, 
a mile southeast of York, where he shot a deer for his nuptial dinner. . . . 

" Rudolph Spengler was a silversmith and a clock-maker. In 1773 he was 
assessed as a merchant. In answer to advertisements, the writer ascertained 
the whereabouts of three " Grandfather's' clocks fabricated by him, on the 
dials of which ' Rudy Spengler, York Town' is inscribed. They are brass- 
mounted, highly finished, and still give perfect time. The owners are Mrs. Rosa 
Rouse, South George Street extended, York ; Mrs. Sarah J. Ringer, Lewisberry, 
Pennsylvania, and Smith B. McMillan, Signal, Columbiana County, Ohio. 

" In 1805 he had patented to him lands in York Township ( now Spring- 
garden). He owned lot No. 118 West Market street, now owned by Dr. Jacob 
Hay and sisters, devised to him by his father, and on which he resided in a 
two-story brick house; and in 1809, lots 9, 11, 13, and 15, on East Market and 
South Queen Streets; the triangle on King's Mill Road, on plan made by Wil- 
liam Alexander; lots 451, 452, 453, 454, on King Street, west of the Codorus ; 
also lot on south side of High (Market) Street west of the Codorus Creek, 
adjoining the Codorus Creek on the east, and lot No. 325 of George Ernest 
Schlosser on the west. 

" He was a member of Captain George Eichelberger's company in 1775. 
and shortly after elected captain of the Sixth Company of York County militia, 
which constituted a part of the five battalions that marched to ' Eastern New 
Jersey,' in 1776, to form the ' Flying Camp.'** 



* Spengler Families, p. 86. 
t (iibson's History of York, p. 525. 
I York County Wills, Book K. p. 2,s6. 

§ Records of Clirist Lutheran Church, York, Pennsylvania 

I! In the latter part of his life Rudolf Spengler changed the spelling of his name to Spanglcr His 
will, dated June i, iSoo, was proved August 26. iSi i (York County Wills), 
% By Edward W. Spangler, p. 181-1S4. 
** Penna. Archives, second series, vol xiv. p 4.S0. 

134 



(Genealogical BecorDjsi of Sloljann ?Daniel ?E>unclicl 

" CAPTAIN RUDOLF SPENGLEk's COMPANY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

■■ The writer has the honor of discovering, and publishing for the first time, 

a list of the rank and file of Captain Rudolf Spengler's company. It is in the 

handwriting of George Lewis Leftler, clerk of the company. 

'■ In Mr. Leffler's unpublished Diary is the following receipt : 

" ' Reed. August 29, 1776, of George Lewis Leffler, Quarter Master, five 

pounds and four pence Pennsylvania Currency in full for 133 rations due my 

Company this day for rations retained £5, Os. 4c/. 

" ' Rudolf Spengler, Captain.' 

" Rudolf Spengler was but one of the many thousands of patriots from 
York County who rallied around the Revolutionary standard. . . . 

" Rudolf Spengler served also as County Treasurer, 1801 to 1805, was a 
State Senator and a Burgess of York in 1803, and a member of the General 
Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1810. . . .* His remains, with those of his wife 
Dorothea, now lie in Prospect Hill Cemetery. 

" From the York Record of Saturday, August 10, 1811 : 

" ' Died, in this Borough, at an advanced age, on Thursday last, Rudolf 
Spangler, Esq. The confidence reposed in the deceased by his fellow citizens in 
choosing him to serve in the State Senate and House of Representatives, are 
sufficient testimonials that in private and public life he was the honored and 
upright man. His remains were yesterday deposited in the German Reformed 
burying-ground, attended by a long train of mourning relatives and friends.' 

"The York Gacettc of June 18, 1835. contains the following: 

" ' In memorv of Dorothea Spangler, relict of Rudolf Spangler, deceased, 
who died June 12, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. How few are 
they that arrive at that period of life, blessed with a happy temperament of mind. 
She led the life of a pure and upright Christian. Relatives and friends revere 
and cherish her memory.' " 

Children of Rudolf and Maria Dorothea Spengler : 

29. Elizabeth Spangler", married William Nes. 

30. Catherine Spangler\ married George Barnitz. 

31. Jacob Spangler', married (i) Susannah Hay; {2) Catherine A. Hamilton. 

32. Margaret Spangler', married Joseph Slagle. 

33. Jesse Spangler', married Mary D. Heckert. 

34. Anna Maria Spangler', married Peter Small. 

35. John Daniel Spangler', married Elizabeth King. 

36. Peter Spangler', married Sarah Gardner. 

37. Helen Dorothea Spangler', married Charles Frederick Fisher. 

The following article, taken from the York Daily, gives further evidence of 
the atmosphere of romance attached by tradition to the early Dinkel history : 



* Glossbrenner's History of York County, pp. ]o6, in, 122. 
I3S 



(I5cncalosical iHccorDji of 9!ol)ann JDanicl jDiincfeel 

"THE FAMOUS OLD DINKLE FAMILY OF YORK. 
" Mysterious Parchments that Are in a Secret Grave. 

'■ W.\S THIS GERM.-\N NOBLE? 

" A Weird Tale By a Washington County Editor — Mrs. McCardell's Ancestor. 

" An ancestor of Mr. George W. McCardell, of WilHanisport, Maryland, 
has evoked from the pen of Mr. McCardell quite a little family history. He says 
in his paper (the Hagerstown Mail, June 19, 1896), ' In 1758 there came to this 
country from Strasburg, Germany, a widow with si.x children, the oldest being 
a boy of si.xteen. She did not come voluntarily. She fled as an e.xile to find 
temporary refuge from the tumult and disorder which then disturbed continental 
Europe in general and her native city in particular. Her husband, Johan Von 
Diinckle (pronounced Dinckle) had been dead but a short time. He was a banker 
and a man of great wealth, and his wife was the daughter of a Baron. She 
brought considerable means with her and settled in the town of York. Pennsyl- 
vania. She always regarded her residence in this country as a period of tem- 
porary exile, and never became reconciled to her surroundings. But her oldest 
son and heir, Peter, declined to participate in her hopes of recall. But he 
prudently kept his views from his mother, who guarded with ceaseless vigilance 
two parchments, one of which was supposed to be a certificate with pendant seal 
and numerous quaint signatures attesting the birth of the aforesaid Peter, while 
the other was said to be a familiar paper certificate to the fact that he had been 
formally baptized in the faith of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. These papers 
were some day to establish her boy's claim to a fortune and title. And so con- 
fident was she of one day being able to return to the possession from which she 
had been driven, that she never unpacked the furniture she brought with her to 
her place of refuge in the new world. But years rolled away and she died 
suddenly of blasted hopes. Peter locked the parchment evidence of his claim in 
a strong iron box, and started earnestly upon the work of carving his way to 
fortune in the new world. He never allowed any one to see the parchments 
mentioned. When the war of the Revolution broke out he became a soldier, 
and afterwards a quartermaster in the army of Washington, and got rich. 

" ' As he grew old the curiosity of his neighbors concerning the mysterious 
parchments, which he guarded so zealously and was so reticent about, gradually 
increased, and of course gave rise to many exaggerated stories. It was finally 
decided that the silent old man was the disowned son of a king, and his de- 
scendants began to be designated as members of the " royal family." 

" ' But the old man kept his own counsel, and died suddenly with the docu- 
ments securely locked in the iron box, the key to which was never out of his 
possession. 

The day after the funeral the executors met to examine the papers. They 
found the key of the iron box and opened it. It was empty. The widow was 
summoned. On the last night that her husband laid in his coffin in the house she 
had opened the iron box and examined the parchments. They were written in 

136 



(Genealogical iSccovDjs of 31o^ann JBaniel J^iincfecl 

Latin and she could not read them. She remembered liow highly the old man 
had treasured them, how sacredly he had guarded them. She thought the best 
thing to do was to permit him to take them with him to the grave, and so, in 
the silence of the night she entered the room and quietly placed them under 
his head in the coffin, and they were with him in the grave. As she never would 
permit the grave to be disturbed the secrets of the parchments were buried in the 
ground with the man whom they most concerned. 

" ' Peter Diinckle's daughter Sarah married John Eichelberger in 1797. Of 
this union there were born eight children, the last of whom, Mrs. Ann Maria 
McCardell, died in Williamsport, June 4, 1896, in the eighty-second year of her 
age.' 

" The above is copied from the Hagerstown Mail of June 19, 1896. How 
much of the story is fable and how much truth can readily be determined by 
exhuming the body of Peter Dinkle, whose remains, with those of his famous 
mother and his wife, were interred in Christ Lutheran church-yard. The graves 
are immediately east of the church, and are marked with inscribed tombstones. 
Peter died in 1827, aged eighty-five years, and his descendants are quite numer- 
ous in York. He lived on the corner of Market and Beaver Streets, where the 
National House now stands. His son-in-law, John Eichelberger, kept an inn 
next door east of the National." 




^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ ^*^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ 
^l^x"- ^^Hf^ ^1^ ^i^i'j ^^Hf^- ^K^ ^1^^ ^Sy^^ W^!^ ^|j^ 



(Sfnjalogical 3^fcoriJ0 of 
l^intam (gftilifs ILatimtr 



f^^^?RTHUR LATIMER\ according to family tradition, 

fcanie to this country with his five children, from near 
Nevvry,* Ireland, in 1736, and settled in New London 
Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. His wife 
yr^ had died previous to his leaving Ireland. 
^^5 He first appears upon the tax-lists of New London 

^^ in 1740. In 1747, 1749, and 1750 he was still of the 
>«t>jff'>«PV^y^^;j>rj5 same township, but from 1753 to 1764 was of London 
XRS?<&^|>^!^^^^2i^ftfc^ Britain Township, in the same county. In the last- 
named year he was assessed for a dwelling-house, twenty acres of land, one 
horse, and two cows. 

Neither the deed for these twenty acres, nor for other property to, or from. 
Arthur Latimer or his sons is on record in Chester County. Probably less than 
one-fourth of the deeds prior to 1800 were recorded. 

In his will he makes bequests to wife and children, the name of the former 
not being mentioned. He had married on January 10, 1738, Rebecca Whiteside. f 
The will and inventory, which are difficult to decipher, are here given with the 
original spelling. 

WILL OF ARTHUR L.\TIMER, I764. 

" In The Name of god amen the second day of aprill in the year of our 
Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and sixty four I arthur Lettermur of London 
britan Chester County gentelman being sickly and weak in body bot sound in 
mind and memory and calling To mind the mortality of my body and that it 
is appointed for all men once to dice do mak and ordain this my last will 
and Testament that is to say first and princcpally and first of all I give 
Recomend my sowll unto the hands of god That gave it and as to body I 
Recomend it to The Earth to be buried in a cristian and decent and Cristian 
Lik manner at the descrision of my Excoutrs nothing douting bot I shall 
Receve the same again at The gennerall Resercction by the mighty pour of 



* " Newry, a borough and town of Ireland, cos. of Down and Armagh on the Newry Water, si.\ 
miles above Carlingford Bay, thirty-four miles southwest from Belfast. The principal exports are 
linen, grain, provisions, cattle, eggs, and butter, chiefly to England, but it trades also with North 
America and the Baltic, and the Levant. Population (in 1891) 13,211 " ( Lippincott's Gazetteer.) 

t History of Swedes' Church, Wilmington, Delaware, p. 366. 

138 



dSenealogical iSccorDjs of 3^tlliam (0cDDc0 Latimer 



guod and as Tuching such worldly Estate vvlier with it hath pleased god to bless 
me with in this Life I give and bequath and despose of in the following manner 
and form imprims 

" I do give and bequath unto my beloved son Robert Lettemur and george 
my Linning and willing cloas and over and above I give and bequath to beloved 
son george a fether beed and Cloas and I Leve and bequath unto his son arthur 
Lettimur my forged gridle or plank I Leave and bequath unto my Dearly beloved 
wife Tuinty pounds and her beed and cloas together with her choice of one of the 
lorn potts and Liquise the half of The puter and the other half to cozn pally 
Dargan and I Leve my beloved son James Lettimur To be my whole and sole 
Executor Together with my bloved son in Law John nic Camond asistant and I 
Leave and bequath unto my sons Robert and James and gorge and John mc 
Camond & Emmson bondd all my Lands to gether with all my money and all my 
bonds and bok detts and all the Rest of my movebless to be sold and Equally 
devided betwixt them Leving my beloved wife to the care of my Executers 
Letting her have her choice which of her daughters she will Live with during 
her natural Life and I do hereby disslow and Revok and Dissnull all and Every 
other former Testaments wills and Legecis beqasts and Executors by me in any 
wise before this Time named willed or bequethed Ratifing and confirming This 
and No other to be my Last will and Testament in witness where of I hereunto 
have seet my hand and Seall the day and year above written sined sealled pub- 
lished and declared by me said Arthur Lettimur the Testatur as and for his 
Last will and Testament in presents of us the subscribers 
" witnes present 

" Note abenie before sinning I bestowe my servant Edwart muttry one year 
of his time 

his 
" Arthur + Lettermur [seal] 

a mark 

" James Kennedy 
John Dickie" 

(Endorsed:) 

" Chester March 20th 1765 Then personally appeared James Kennedy & 
John Dickie and on their oaths on the holy Evangelist of Almighty God did 
depose and declare and say that they were personally present and did see and 
hear Arthur Lettimur the Testator within named sign seal publish pronounce and 
declare the within writing as & for his last will & Testament & that at the doing 
thereof he was of a sound and well Disposing mind and memory to the best of 
their understandings. 

" Sworn before H. H. Graham D. Regr." * 



» Chester County Wills, Book D, vol. iv. p. 513. 
139 



(Bicncaloaical iSecorDiS of William (BeDDcsi Latimer 

" A list or prizing Bill of the Estate of Arthur Latimer Deceased by 

Jams Kenedy & John Dickey 

Appriz'd March ye 25th 1765 : 

£ 

Cash 5 

Saml Biddle's Note Rendd 10 

Andr Miller's Note o 

WT Deal Act i 

]n°. M. Cleaver act i 

David Stewart Dr Cash Lent 3 

Jn? Dicky Note 2 

Robt Giffins Note i 

Jn° Dickys Note 9 

Robt Latimer Note 6 

Wooden Ware Bowel & Trunchers o 

Bucket pails & half Bushel o 

Earthen Ware Jugs potingers &c &c o 

Two potts, & Skillet, & pott hooks 3 pair o 

Frying pan o 

Doe Trough o 

Chairs 10 o 

Cubbert o 

knives & forks Salt Box Candlestick o 

Box & old Iron o 

Table & Two Smoothing Irons & . . . sses o 

Flax Yarn 14 Doz. Tow Yarn 6 Doz & 8 Cuts i 

Tongs, fire shover & lager head o 

Box & Onions o 

pot rakes o 

Basket & Cards o 

Sundres Tin Ware o 

Razors & Strap o 

two Sives o 

a Chest o 

Bed Cloths o 

4 Boxes & Chest o 

apice Wooling Cloth o 

Druget Cth i 

Chest & Tallow o 

a Box & Iron O 

2 Wheels & Check Bed o 

Soul & uppr leather o 

Cask & rye o 

Flax seed o 

140 



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15 





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15 





4 





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10 





ID 





10 











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2 





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7 


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12 





7 


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(Benealogical lSecort)0 of William (!5cDDc0 nattmer 

£ 

Spools & yarn & Augers o 

Barly & Baggs o 

1 bag mon o 

ropes o 

To Sundre Cyder Casks o 

Barl & peck liquor o 

2 baggs & 7 bush Wheat i 

big Wheel & Spinnet o 

3 Tubs o 

[page 2] CONTINUED £ 

A malloch ax & prouting hoe O 

Two Cliverses pich fork o 

Winnow Cloth & buck Wheat o 

Two Cowes 6 

4 hogs I 

3 Sheep i 

a horse 9 

Wheat in the Ground & Rye o 

Edward Mootreys time — 5 year 8 months 16 

Dung fork & pich fork o 

Sadell & bridel i 

to one gon Sword and baynet o 

to a shez & Colter o 

to one axe o 

to how mall wadges & rings & grin Ston o 

harew tith o 

Given under our hands the day & year before 
Written 

James Kennedy 
John Dickie 

I5t Page 54 3 3 

2d Page 37" 17 9 



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d. 


3 





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6 


3 





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92 I o 

Children of Arthur Latimer: 

a. Robert Latimer'. 

3. Susan Latimer', born 1717; died July 31, 1761; married Empson Bird. 

4. James Latimer", born May 19, 1719; died October 15, 1807; married Sarah 

Geddes. 

5. George Latimer', married Potter. 

6. Sarah Latimer', born about 1723; died December 7, 1814; married John Mc- 

Calmont. 

141 



©cnealogical Eccot:Iij8 of 3^ilUam (15eDDe0 Latimer 

2. Robert Latimer- (Arthur'), whose name was on the tax-list of New 
London, Chester County, until 1758, afterwards settled in North Carolina and 
had four sons. According to tradition, they were all killed either in the battle of 
Eutaw Springs or that of Camden. No trace of this family has been found. 

3. Susan Latimer^ (Arthur'), married Empson, son of Thomas Bird. 
She died July 31, 1761, aged forty-four years and nine months, and was buried 
at St. James's Church, near Stanton, Delaware. 

Empson and Susan Bird lived on a farm which he owned near Brandywine 
Springs, Delaware. 

In 1756, at the time of the French and Indian War, there were three com- 
panies from Ciiristiana Hundred in the Upper Regiment of New Castle County, 
under Colonel William Armstrong. One of these was officered by James Latimer, 
captain ; Empson Bird, lieutenant ; and Thomas DufT, ensign. 

Empson Bird had married a second time and had removed to Cecil County, 
Maryland, before May 8, 1773, at which time he and his wife Mary sold his 
land in Christiana Hundred to Robert Philips. 

The will of Empson Bird,* of Head of Elk, Cecil County, Maryland, was 
dated July 28, 1786, and proved December 12, 1787. His wife Mary and son 
George Bird were made executors. To his wife and son Thompson Bird was left 
the bulk of the estate. The other children named were Thomas Bird, Margaret 
Gordon, Susanna Bird, and Mary " Mountgomery." 

Empson and Susanna Bird are said to have had eleven children, one of whom 
married Dr. Montgomery of Georgia. The dates of birth of two of the children 
are to be found in the records of Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, Wilming- 
ton. It is not known whether all those named in the will were the issue of the 
first marriage. 

Children of Empson Bird : 

7. " Emsson" Bird', born February 28, 1752. 

8. Mary Bird', born .^pril 13. 1754. 

9. George Bird^ 

10. Thompson Bird'. 

11. Thomas Bird'. 

12. Margaret Bird'. 

13. Susanna Bird'. 

4. James Latimer^ (Arthur'), born May 19, 1719; died October 15, 1807: 
married. .September 19. 1749. .Sarah Geddes. born .^pril 27. 1727; died August i, 
1813; daughter of Henry and Jannet Geddes. 

James Latimer is said to have twice a year, up to the time of his marriage, 
returned to Ireland, carrying merchandise which was exchanged for goods which 



* Cecil County Wills, Book EE, p. 164. 
142 




JAMES LATIMER 
No. 4 



CD-cnealogical iSecovDjs of l^ilUam (BeDDeji Latimer 

he brought back to Philadelphia. He appears to have spent two years in the 
study of medicine, but did not complete his course. 

On his marriage, James Latimer settled in Newport, Delaware, where he 
operated several flour-mills. During the Revolutionary War he sold flour to tJie 
Continental army when most of those surrounding him were favorable to the 
British cause. 

At the time of the French and Indian War, in 1756, he was captain of one 
of the Christiana Hundred companies in the Upper Regiment of New Castle 
County, under Colonel William Armstrong. Empson Bird, his brother-in-law, 
was his lieutenant.* 

He was appointed Justice for New Castle County in 1764, ijSg.f 1772. and 
1774. On August 8, 1774, a convention of the members of the Legislature met 
at New Castle, to which James Latimer was a delegate from New Castle County. 
A committee, of which he was one, was formed for the relief of Boston. J 

March 20, 1775. The captains and subaltern ofiicers of New Castle County 
met at Christiana Bridge and chose as commanders for the LTpper Division, 
James McKinley, colonel, and James Latimer, lieutenant-colonel. § 

May 18, 1775. A meeting of the New Castle Committee was held, at which 
were present the justices of the peace and grand jurymen of the county, for 
raising a defence fund. Among the persons present and signing was James 
Latimer. || 

November 6, 1776. A Council of Safety was formed, of which James Lati- 
mer was chosen a member for New Castle County. ]f 

February 20, 1777, he was elected one of the judges of the Court of Com- 
mon Pleas and Orphans' Court of New Castle County.** 

He was President of the Delaware State Convention which ratified the Con- 
stitution of the United States on December 7, 1787. 

He and his wife were buried in the graveyard of the First Presbyterian 
Church in Wilmington, Delaware, although Mrs. Latimer died at the home 
of her daughter, Mrs. Cuthbert, in Philadelphia. 

Portraits of James Latimer and his wife are owned by Miss Mary Latimer, 
of Wilmington, Delaware. 

WILL OF JAMES LATIMER. 

" In the name of God Amen I James Latimer of the Village of New Port in 
Christiana Hundred, New Castle County, Esq., considering the uncertainty of 
this life, and being of sound and perfect mind and memory, thanks be to God 



* Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ii. p. 527. 
t Ibid., vol, ix. pp. 650, 651. 
t Scharf' s History of Delaware, vol. i. p. 218. 
? Ibid., p. 222. 
II Ibid. 
1 Ibid. 
** Ibid., p. 242. 

143 



d^encalogtcal KccorDiS of li^ilUam dScDDejs Latimer 

for the same, do make and publisli this my last will and testament in manner 
following, to wit. 

" Imprimis I do hereby will and order that all my just debts be paid out of 
my personal estate, together with my funeral expenses, by my executors as soon 
as convenient after my decease. 

" Item I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Sarah and to her heirs 
forever the sum of eight hundred pounds, to be paid to her as follows, that is in 
Book debts. Bonds, Mortgages, Bank stock and three per cent stock, eight per 
cent stock. Deferred stock and the Insurance Company, to be assigned to her 
by any one or two of my executors hereinafter named in three months after my 
decease, also one hundred pounds in Cash to be paid to her in six Months after 
my decease by my son George Latimer out of the Land hereinafter devised to 
my said son George ; And also that he my said son George shall allow her my 
said wife the one half of her fire wood during her natural life, off of the lands 
hereinafter devised to him, to be cut, split and drawn at her expense, and the 
other half of her wood I order her to have during her natural life as aforesaid 
ofT of the land I hereinafter devise to my son Henry Latimer : I also will and 
order that she my said wife shall also have one hundred pounds in Cash to be 
paid to her in six months after my decease by my said son Henry Latimer out 
of the land hereinafter devised to him my said son Henry. I further give and 
bequeath to my said wife during her natural life pasture and liay sufficient for 
two cows and one horse creature off of the Land hereinafter devised to my son 
William G. Latiiuer, the same hay to be cut made and drawn for her at his 
expense. I further give and bequeath to her my said wife during her natural 
life, out of the Estate hereinafter devised to my son Thomas Latimer viz : the 
new end of my present dwelling house with liberty of kooking in the kitchen 
and of water from the well with the use of my Chair house and wood house, 
with one undivided half of my garden, with stabling for two cows and one 
horse creature. Also I give and bequeath to my said wife one horse and two 
cows, also one bed and furniture and the furniture for one room, including a bed, 
then the remainder of all my house hold and kitchen furniture to be to her use 
during her natural life, but if she my said wife should or do leave my house 
and go to live elsewhere, then on her so doing said remainder of my Household 
and kitchen furniture there to be sold, and the money arising from the sale 
to be equally divided amongst my four daughters. Also I further give and 
bequeath to my said wife, all or any Rent or Rents that may or will be due to 
my Estate on the twenty fifth day of March first after my decease, with all the 
share or part of my Crop or Crops which may, or will be due to my Estate at 
the same time. 

" Item. I give and devise to my aforesaid son George Latimer all that my 
plantation whereon Peter Derrickson now lives, in the Hundred and County afore- 
said bounded by land formerly of William Derrickson, Red Clay Creek, Land 
of Elizabeth Rothwell, Jacob Robinsons land. Land late of Henry Garretson 
deceased, David McCallmont's Land, and other land of my own where Zachariah 

I-I4 



Cgicncalogical EecorDjs of William (i3cDDc0 lattmcr 



Derrickson did live, now where bis brother Cornelius Derrickson lives. Containing 
about hundred and eighty five acres more or less, to hold to him my said son 
George his heirs and assigns forever, he paying to my wife the one hundred 
pounds hereinbefore mentioned and bequeathed to her. 

" Item I give and devise to my son Henry Latimer, all that my plantation or 
tract of land whereon the aforesaid Zachariah Derrickson did live, bounded by 
the land hereinbefore devised to my son George, by Land late of Hance Stam- 
cast, deceased, by land late of John Walraven, deceased, by other land of my 
own whereon David Derrickson now lives, then by the Great Road, which plan- 
tation I purchased of John Garretson and part of it of Israel Robinson, and 
Containing about or near two hundred acres More or less, to hold to him my 
said son Henry his heirs and assigns forever, he finding my aforesaid wife the 
one half of her firewood off of said Land as before mentioned or bequeathed to 
her, she to be at the expense of cutting, splitting and drawing the same, and also 
paying her the one hundred pounds hereinbefore mentioned to her in six months 
after my decease. 

" Item I give and devise to my son Thomas Latimer all my present Dwell- 
ing House with the house and lot that Owen Brady now rents of me, with my 
Barn, stabling and Hay House, with the Land whereon they are erected, and a 
Lot adjoining which lot I bought of the heirs of John McCallmont. with all my 
garden wood house and chair house : to hold to him m}- said son Thomas Latimer 
his heirs and assigns forever. Also I give and devise to him m\- said son Thomas 
Latimer, a certain piece of marsh lying in New Port ^larsh, and bounded by the 
Marsh Road. Theophilus and Joseph Evans and Peter Derrickson's ]\Iarsh con- 
taining about Nine Acres and an half more or less with one lot of land adjoining 
Lewis Stoves garden containing about one acre more or less, with a lot of Land 
bounded by the great road, Thomas Duffs, Hance Stamcasts and others con- 
taining about four acres more or less, together with a certain piece of land now 
in the tenure of David Derrickson aforesaid bounded by the great roads, by the 
land devised as aforesaid to my son Henry by Land of William Robinson, Con- 
taining about eighteen acres more or less, with another piece of land bounded by 
the great road, by Land of Thomas Duff' and other land containing ten acres 
more or less, and which I purchased of Judge Allen : to hold to him my said 
son Thomas his heirs and assigns forever, he paying to my daughter Margaret 
Geddes the sum of fifty pounds, to my daughter Sarah Cuthbert the sum of fifty 
pounds, to my daughter Jean Latimer the sum of fifty pounds and to my daughter 
Susannah Cathcart the sum of fifty pounds each of said four sums I order to be 
paid by my said son Thomas in six months after my decease, which devise of my 
present dwelling house Land &c so made to my said son Thomas I do hereby will 
and order it to be subject to my wife having during her natm-al life, the new end 
of my present Dwelling House with my Chair House and wood house, with liberty 
of the kitchen to kook and wash in and of water from the well with the undivided 
half of my garden as aforesaid, with my Riding Chase. 

" Item. I give and devise to my son William G. Latimer all ni\ undivided 

10 145 



(B-encaloatcal BecorDjs of l^tlliam dScDDesi natimer 

half of the Dwelling House at the Wharf, with my undivided half of said wharf 
and of the storehouses, hay house and stabling: to hold to him my said son 
William G. Latimer his heirs and assigns forever, together with all that piece 
of land bounded by land of the heirs of Henry Garretson, Christiana Creek and 
Jacob Balls Lands, containing about forty five acres Land and Marsh, be the 
same more or less, together with all that piece of land with an orchard on it, 
which I purchased of Thomas Duff Esq., in the year of our Lord one thousand 
eight hundred and four, containing ten acres more or less, as per deed of Con- 
veyance from said Duff to me, said forty five acres, and said ten acres to hold to 
him my said son William G. Latimer his heirs and assigns forever, he allowing 
to my wife pasture and hay sufficient for two cows and one horse creature during 
her natural life, which hay I allow to be cut, made and hauld home to her at his 
expense. 

" Item I give and bequeath to my four daughters Margaret Geddes, Sarah 
Cuthbert, Jean Latimer and Susannah Cathcart, all that do remain of my Book 
debts. Bonds Notes Mortgages, Bank Stock, three percent stock, eight percent 
stock Deferred stock, and the Insurance Company, over and above the eight 
hundred pounds hereinbefore bequeathed to my wife, to be divided share and 
share alike amongst all my said four daughters, I also give and bequeath to my 
said four daughters all my plate to be divided amongst all of them share and 
share alike, which plate I have not hereinbefore mentioned in the bequest of my 
household furniture, as being any part of said furniture. 

" Item I further give and bequeath to my aforesaid daughter Jean Latimer 
one Bed and furniture, which she may choose of mine and Furniture for one 
room, but not including to her another Bed, and then all the remainder of my 
household and kitchen furniture (not including my plate) besides said bed and 
furniture and the Furniture for one room, and the aforesaid two beds and furni- 
ture for one room left hereinbefore to my wife, I order to be as hereinbefore 
directed for the said remainder to be managed. 

" Item. I will and order all my Lands over Susquehannah River in Penns 
Valley, in Pennsylvania, as soon as convenient after my decease to be sold by 
my Executors, and that the money arising from the sale of said Lands be divided 
share and share alike amongst my aforesaid Eight Children, George, Henry, 
Thomas, William, Margaret, Sarah. Jean and Susannah or their heirs. And I do 
hereby authorise and impower my Executors or any one or more of them to make 
the necessary conveyance or conveyances to the purchaser or purchasers of said 
Land, or of any part thereof, their heirs and assigns forever, in as full and sure 
a manner as I myself could at any time have done in my lifetime. 

" Item I do further will and order that any bequests hereinbefore made, 
or bequeathed to be paid by any of my aforesaid sons, that the said Land devised 
by me to them, shall be subject to the payment of the same bequeath until paid 
as afsd. 

" Item, I further will or direct and order that any charges which I have 
made in my hook called the Childrens Book and kept in my desk against any of 

146 



dBJencalogical iSecorDjs of 3^tUiam dScUDeji Latfmet 

•\ 

my children shall be considered as part of my estate, and shall stand against 
them as so much of their legacy already paid. 

" Item, I give and bequeath to my old servant Grace Bayly, five pounds, 
and to my old servant Jehu Champion, five pounds, each of them to be paid their 
said legacy in six months after my decease, by my executors. 

" Item, I will and order that my servant woman Amy a woman of colour, 
shall go, or be at the end of three years after my decease, if she is then living, 
and no longer be considered as any part of my estate. 

" Item I will and order that her the said Amy's three children named Rachel, 
George and Empson, shall be bound out by my executors as soon as convenient 
after my decease, to serve until each of them is twenty four years of age, and so 
that they to whom they are bound, shall be obliged to endeavor and to use means 
as far as reasonable to learn them to read the bible. 

" And lastly I do hereby nominate and appoint my four sons George, Henry, 
Thomas and William G. Latimer and my son in law Thomas Cuthbert of the 
City of Philadelphia Executors of this my last Will and testament, hereby im- 
powering them, or any one or more of them (upon refusal, absence or death of 
any of the others) to act as executor or executors such acting one or ones 
causing probate to be made of this my last will and testament, hereby revoking 
all former wills by me made In Witness Whereof I have to this my last will 
and testament contained on four sheets, set my hand and seal, the thirtieth day 
of April in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five 

(Signed) " J.\s. Latimer [seal] 

" Signed, sealed and pronounced by the aforenamed James Latimer to be 
his last will and testament in the presence of us who have hereto subscribed our 
names as witnesses in the presence of the testator, and in the presence of each 
other, and at his request. Wm Robeson, senior, Mord. McKinney, Richard 
Mabon 

" I the above named James Latimer, Esq. do hereby make and publish this 
my Codicil to my last will and testament in form and manner following, that is 
to say. Whereas in my said will I have given and devised to my son Henry Lati- 
mer a Plantation or Tract of land which I purchased of John Garretson and 
part of it of Israel Robinson bounded as in said will is mentioned, and containing 
about or near two hundred acres more or less : Now I do hereby will, order and 
direct that the said plantation or Tract of land shall be sold by my executors 
as soon as convenient after my decease to the best advantage they can, and 
that only eight hundred pounds out of the money of the sale thereof, shall be 
paid to my aforesaid son Henry Latimer or his heirs, as soon as, as much of 
the money becomes due and can be collected for said land and also that all the 
remainder of the price of said Land over the said Eight hundred pounds shall 
be divided between my wife and four daughters in said will named share and 
share alike, as soon as said remainder can be collected for said Land. I also 

147 



d^enealogtcal EecorDjs of 3^illiam (BcDDcji JLatimer 

order that said land shall be clear of being subject to my said wife for any part 
of her tire wood or any thing else, but she only to have such a share of the money 
of the sale thereof as aforesaid directed. 

" And Whereas I have in my aforesaid will ordered that ni}- son Thomas 
Latimer shall out of the lands I have therein devised to him pay unto each of 
my four daughters the sum of fifty pounds in six months after my decease — now 
I do hereby order that my said son Thomas shall not be obliged to pay the same 
or any part thereof nor that what I have left him be subject to the same, as my 
mind and will is that what I have mentioned in this codicil to my said daughters 
shall be to them in place thereof. 

" And Whereas in my aforesaid w'ill I have omitted to devise a certain Lot 
of my land containing thirty eight perches which lot 1 purchased of Thomas 
Marshall and being the second mentioned lot in the deed of conveyance, bearing 
date the third day of July in the year of our Lurd one thousand seven hundred 
and seventy, from said Marshall and Margaret his wife to me, for said lot and 
others, — now I do hereby give and devise said lot to my aforesaid son Thomas 
Latimer his heirs and assigns forever, as well as the lands I have in my aforesaid 
will devised to him my said son Thomas. 

" And also, I do hereby nominate anil appoint my son in law Captain Henry 
Geddes one of my executors along with my four sons and son in law Thomas 
Cuthbert whom I have nominated and appointed in my aforesaid will. And lastly 
I do hereby order and direct this my codicil to be annexed to, considered and 
taken as part of my last w'ill and testament to all intents and purposes. 

" In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the twenty sixth 
day of July in the year of our Lokd, one thousand eight hundred and five. 

(Signed) " J.\s. L,\timer" 

The witnesses were Wm. Robeson, ^lord. McKinney, Richard Mabon. The 
will was probated October 19, 1807.* 

WILL OF S.\R.MI L.MIMER. 

" In the name of God Amen I Sarah Latimer of the Borough of Wilming- 
ton in Christiana Hundred, New Castle County in the State of Delaware, being 
weak and frail in body hut of sound and reasonable Mind i*t memory Thanks 
be to God for the same Do make and order this my last will and Testament in 
form & manner following 

" First I give and bequeath all my books to m\- three sons, George Latimer. 
Henry Latimer and Thomas and their heirs. 

"Also I give and bequeath to my saifl son Thomas Latimer the sum of two 
hundred and sixty seven dollars in money. 

" Also I give and bequeath as follows that is all my Piank stock or property 



New Castle County Will*;. Book Q, p. 2.s6. 
148 



©cncalogtcal BccorDjs of ^tlUam (iS»cDDc?j latimct 

in the Pennsylvania Bank and in the Wihnington and Brandywine Bank and all 
my bonds and my note and Five Hinidred Dollars in Money for which money 1 
liave a receipt on which there is an assignment to my four daughters which 
assignment 1 now make void and of none effect, all of which Bank Stock Bonds 
and Note and said five hundred dollars in Money I allow to be divided into 
five equal shares and one share thereof I leave to my daughter Margaret Geddes 
or her heirs one other share thereof to my daughter Sarah Cuthbert or her heirs, 
one other share thereof to my daughter Jean Latimer or her heirs, one other 
share thereof equally between Sarah Geddes Cathcart and Jean Latimer Cathcart 
or their heirs and one other share thereof equally between Elizabeth Latimer and 
Sarah Latimer or their heirs. 

" Also I give and bequeath to my three daughters aforesaid viz. Margaret 
Geddes, Sarah Cuthbert and Jean Latimer, all my wearing apparel with all my 
furniture of my room or their heirs to be divided or disposed of agreeable to 
their Will or pleasure. 

" Also I give and bequeath to Grace Baily the sum of Ten Dollars in money 
to be paid to her as soon as convenient after my decease out of my estate. Also 
I leave to Jehu Champion the sum of eight dollars to be paid him as soon as 
convenient after my decease. Also as to all the rest, residue and remainder of 
my estate that shall or do remain clear of all my just debts and of all the afore- 
said legacies or bequests &c I do hereby give and bequeath the same so remain- 
ing to my aforesaid three daughters Margaret Geddes, Sarah Cuthbert, and 
Jean Latimer that is each of them or their heirs to have the one fifth part thereof 
only and my aforesaid two grand daughters Sarah Geddes Cathcart and Jean 
Latimer Cathcart or their heirs to have the one fifth part equally between them 
of said remainder and the aforesaid Elizabeth Latimer and Sarah Latimer my 
grand daughters or their heirs to have the remaining one fifth part of all the 
aforesaid remainder equally between them. 

" And lastly I do hereby nominate and appoint my two sons George Latimer 
and Thomas Latimer and also Henry Geddes Executors jointly and separately 
to this my last will and testament hereby revoking any other will by me made. 
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the thirtieth day of 
September in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eleven. 

(Signed) "Sarah Latimer" 

Witnesses : John Fleming and Richard Mabon. 

" I the within named Sarah Latimer do hereby make and pronounce this my 
codicil to my last within will, that is what I have in said Will bequeathed to my 
daughter Margaret Geddes I do hereby order that the same so bequeathed to 
her shall after my decease be wholly at her own disposal to use or dispose of the 
same by will or in any way she pleases Without the Control of any other person 
whatever. Also what I have left or bequeathed in said will to my daughter Sarah 
Cuthbert I do hereby order that the same so bequeathed to her, shall after my 
decease be all at her own disposal to use or dispose of the same by will or in 

149 



Genealogical BecorD0 of William €»eDDejs tatimev 

any way she pleases without control of an)- other person what ever. Also as to 
all I have in said Will bequeathed to my four grand daughters Sarah Geddes 
Cathcart, Jean Latimer Cathcart, Elizabeth Latimer and Sarah Latimer I do 
hereby order that the same so bequeathed to them shall be and remain in the 
hands of my executors until they arrive to the age of Twenty years, that is each 
one of them to have their part when or as they arrive to said age both principal 
and interest and not before unless their needcessity should be such as to need the 
interest, in such case they are to have the interest. 1 also order that if any one 
of them my said four grand daughters depart this life before she arrive to the 
aforesaid age that their share I have left them shall then go to her surviving 
sister. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the first day of 
January in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 

(Signed) " Sarah Latimer" [seal] 

Witnesses : Michael Megear, Richard Mabon. 

The will was probated August 3, 1813.* 

Children of James and Sarah Latimer : t 

14. George Latimer', born July 8. 1750; died June 12. 1825; married Margaret 

Cathcart. 

15. Henry Latimer", born April 24, 1752; died December 19, 1819; married (i) 

Anna Cuthbert; (2) Ann Richardson. 

16. Margaret Latimer', born November 18, 1754; died July 30, 1839; married 

Captain Henry Geddes, U.S.N. 

17. Sarah Latimer^ born February 4, 1757; died June 14, 1826; married Thomas 

Cuthbert, Jr. 

18. James Latimer', born April 18, 1759; died September 7, 1762. 

19. Jean Latimer^ born June 7, 1761; died October 9, 1817, at Philadelphia; un- 

married. 

20. James Latimer*, born April 5, 1763; died November 29, 1781, in Jamaica. 

21. Thomas Latimer', born April 19, 1765; died May 27, 1833; married Susan 

David. 

22. Susanna Latimer', born May 11, 1768; died December 7, 1810; married Rev. 

Robert Cathcart, D.D. 

23. William Geddes Latimer', born February 22, 1771; died June 2, 1810; married 

Sarah Bartow. 

5. George Latimer-' (Arthur') is said to have settled in Northampton 
County, Pennsylvania.! He married a sister of General James Potter, vice-presi- 



* New Castle County Wills, Book Q, p. 553. 

t Dates of births, deaths, and marriages supplied from family records by Miss Mary Latimer, of 
Wilmington, Delaware. 

t The records of Northampton County make frequent mention of Robert and Arthur Lattitnore, in 
which the name is invariably spelled Lattimore. Robert Lattimore was Lieutenant in the Provincial 
service in 175S and 1759 (Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ii. p. 611), and was one of the North- 
ampton County Commissioners to collect clothing November 8, 1777 (Ibid., vol. iii. p, 620). Artliur 
Lattimore was sub-lieutenant of the same county, March 21, 1777 (Ibid., p. 667). He was coroner of 

150 



v^ 




GEORGE LATIMER 

No. 73 



Genealogical aSecorDjs of William dDfeDtJejs lattmei: 

dent of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1781.* General Potter's wife was 
a Miss Cathcart. 

Children of George Latimer : 

24. Arthur Latimer', named in his grandfather's will. 

25. Maria Latimer', married Lodge. 

There were probably others. 

6. Sarah Latimer- (Arthur^), born about 1723; died December 7, 1814; 
buried at Friends' Bush Hill Meeting-House, near Brandywine ; married, May, 
1754, John McCalmont. 

The will of John McCalmont " of Newport, in the County of Newcastle on 
Delaware," was dated January 16, 1777, and proved March 25 of the same year. 

His wife Sarah, sons David and James, and friend George Latimer were 
named executors. The witnesses were Thomas Wallace, Sr., Ja. Latimer, and 
Andrew Neper.f 

Children of John and Sarah McCalmont : if 

26. David McCalmont". 

27. James McCalmont'. 

28. Elinora McCalmont'. 

29. Susannah McCalmont'. 

30. Margaret McCalmont'. 

31. Sarah McCalmont', died young. 

32. John McCalmont'. 

33. George McCalmont'. 

34. William McCalmont', died young. 

35. Mary McCalmont', died young. 

36. Mary McCalmont, 2d', died young. 

37. Arthur McCalmont'. 

14. George Latimer^ (James-, ArthurM, born July 8, 1750; died June 12, 
1825; buried at Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia; married, 



Northampton County, 1762-63, and a justice of the peace, 1774 (Ibid., vol, i.x. pp. 793, 795). Although 
the names Robert and Arthur naturally suggest a close connection with the Latimer family, it is not 
supported by the inscriptions taken from " Old Gravestones in Northampton and Adjacent Counties" 
(page 40), of which there is a copy at the Pennsylvania Historical Society. In East Allen Presbyterian 
burying-ground are found James Lattimore, born June 19, 168S ; General William Lattimore, died 
November 11, 1833, aged seventy years; Mary Lattimore, born Ireland; died 1780, aged sixty-five 
years ; Arthur Lattimore, born Ireland, 1710, died 1777 ; member of Committee of Safety, 1776 ; county 
sub-lieutenant, 1777. 

The will of another Arthur Lattimore, of Allen Township, Northampton County, was dated 
March 9, 1785, and proved the following June, from which it would appear he was unmarried. He 
names his mother, brothers Robert, William, and John, and Aunt Ester Burke. 

"Col. Records of Penna., vol. xiii. p. iii. See also general index Colonial Records and Penna. 
Archives. 

t Newcastle County Wills, Book K i, p. 372. 

X From Family Bible record. 

151 



©encalogical HccovD^ of 3^iU(am (j3fDDc]3 Latimer 

P'ebruary jo, 1771, Margaret Catlicart, daughter of Rev. Robert Callicarl, of 
\\ ilmington, Delaware. 

George Latimer was edueated at the College of i'hiladelphia (now the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania;. He entered the Continental Army, and was lieutenant- 
colonel of Colonel Patterson's Delaware Battalion of the " Flying Camp." 

He was a delegate to the Pennsylvania Convention which ratified the Lou- 
stitution in 1787 ; was member of the lower house of the Legislature, 1792-99, and 
its Speaker for five years. He was a Presidential elector in 1792; collector of 
customs, 1798-1800, and during the war of 1812 was a member of the Phila- 
delphia Committee of Defence. f 

George Latimer was one of five commissioners appointed on April 5, 1786, 
by the States of Delaware and Maryland, for improving the navigation of the 
Susquehanna River. $ 

Later he was engaged in the shipping and commission business in Philadel- 
phia. Two of his vessels were seized by the French, for one of which Congress 
made an award from the F~rench Spoliation Claims, the Philadelphia Court dis- 
tributing to the heirs of George Latimer something less than three thousand 
dollars about the year 1899 or 1900. The payment of the other claim is pending. 

In an article printed in Poulson's Daily AdTCvtiscr of December 6, 1828. 
George Latimer is thus referred to : 

" The Representatives' Chamber was in the east wing downstairs, designated, 
since the arrival of La Fayette, as ' Independence Hall,' George Latimer in the 
chair, facing the west. When seated in the chair, and the table before him, he 
seemed admirably adapted to the station he so honorably filled, and which he 
had the honor to fill, by his well-formed manly person from his bust upward, and 
being of the proper height and bulk ; his neck supporting a head and physiognom}- 
of the first order : even such an one as is given by Milton to our First Parent in 
these words : 

" ■ Hi^ fair large tiunt anil eye sublime declared 
.\bsolute rule.' 

" Nevertheless, being judged even by his political opponents, all spoke of him 
as possessed in an eminent degree of that admirable quality of ' softness in the 
manner but firmness in the purpose,' which he exhibited one day with great 
effect. A new member, fresh from his constituents, and highly charged with the 
political fluid of the day. attempted to introduce personality into the debate. He 
was on the instant stopped by the Speaker, and cautioned by him, very gently, 
to beware, as it would in no case be permitted. The member, notwithstanding, 
in a short time afterwards, intimated something like a repetition of his purpose, 
on which Mr. Speaker raised himself upon Jiis feet, and addressed to him certain 
words of powerful import, in a low. but firm tone of voice, which caused the 



' History of the Delaware Society of tlie Cincinnati, p 81. 

t Appleton's Encycloptedia. 

J Penna. Arcliives, first series, 1783-86, p. 755. 

152 




MRS. GEORGE LATIMER 
( MARGARET CATHCART ) 



(Genealogical ISecorDiS of 3^tUiam (BeDDejS Latimer 

offending member to shrink within himself, as a touched terrapin within the shell — 
Mr. Speaker, in the meanwhile, deliberately preparing with finger and thumb, 
to regale himself, from his open snuff-box, with a cool pinch of snuff. 

'■ Mr. Latimer was as true as steel to his country in her hour of calamity and 
trial. He was one of those noble Delawarians who have toiled, not altogether in 
vain, to bring their State, and its entire policy into harmony with the great nxove- 
nients for freedom in our day. In him, and his most excellent, energetic lady, 
everj' suffering soldier had two most devoted friends. The delicacies, the sub- 
stantial stores, the garments, the surgical preparations which have gone to hos- 
pitals and places of entertainment for the soldier from the princely mansion 
alone would stock a country store. And so single minded were these two co- 
laborers in every good work, that we may be sure the stream of charities will not 
cease while either of them is still spared to a suffering world. 

" We oft'er our sincere condolence to the widow, to the friends, to the con- 
gregation, and to a bereaved pastor. His years were mature. He had reached 
the natural term of life. He had reaped its treasures of knowledge, of experience, 
of wealth, of honor, and of affection. We may cherish, too, a hope that, though 
unconnected with the church by outward profession, he knew the power of 
religion, which he always honored, and was sustained by faith in a crucified and 
risen Redeemer. The world can spare such men, only in the hope that their 
wise and generous use of their advantages of wealth and station will stimulate 
others to like nobleness of character and conduct." 

The will of George Latimer of Philadelphia, merchant, dated July 15, 1823, 
proved June 24, 1825, names as executors his wife Margaret and his son James 
Latimer. A codicil appoints his " friend John R. Latimer" as an additional 
executor. All his property was left unconditionally to his wife. In case he out- 
lived her it was to be divided between his daughters Elizabeth and Margaret 
Latimer.* 

Portraits of George Latimer and his wife, by Charles W. Peale, and daughter 
Sarah, by Miss Charlotte Peale, are owned by the P. A. Small estate. 

Children of George and Margaret Latimer : 

38. Elizabeth Latimer*. 

39. Robert Latimer*. 

40. Margaret Latimer*. 

41. James Latimer*, married Sophia Hoffman. 

42. Sarah Latimer*, died young. 

15. Henry Latimer' (James-, ArthurM, born at Newport, Delaware, 
April 24, 1752; died December 19, 1819; married, first, December 8, 1785, Anna 
Cuthbert, daughter of Thomas and Ann (Wilkinson) Cuthbert, of Philadelphia; 
married, second, February 26, 1789, .■Xnn Richardson. 



• Philadelphia Wills, Book 8, p. 430. 
153 



(Genealogical UecorDjs of ayyilltam (BeDDejs Latimer 

Dr. Henry Latimer studied medicine and graduated at the University of 
Pennsylvania, and in July, 1773, received the degree of Master of Arts. He 
also graduated at the Medical College of Edinburgh, Scotland. Upon returning 
home he practised his profession in Wilmington, Delaware, until the year 1777, 
when he was appointed surgeon in the Continental army, and was with the army 
from the Batttle of Brandywine to that of Yorktown. He became quite distin- 
guished as a surgeon, and was appointed by Washington, surgeon-general of the 
Northern Division of the army. 

The British, it was said, ofifered " a reward of five hundred pounds for his 
body dead or alive." On the reduction of the army, at the close of the Revolu- 
tionary War, he resumed the practice of medicine, but relinquished it in 1794, 
to enter public life. He was elected a member of the State Legislature of Dela- 
ware, after the State organization. Was also representative in Congress from 
1793 to 1705, and was appointed Senator from 1797 for the full term of si.x years, 
but resigned in 1801.* 

Dr. Henry Latimer was one of the charter members of the Delaware Society 
of the Cincinnati. 

The following notice enlarges on what has already been given : 

" Henry Latimer, an early and prominent citizen of Delaware, was born at 
Newport, New Castle County, in 1752, son of Hon. James and Sarah (Geddes) 
Latimer. After receiving a primary education, he commenced the study of medi- 
cine in Philadelphia, and completed the course by graduating at the Medical 
College of Edinburgh, Scotland. Returning home, he practised his profession in 
Wilmington, until the breaking out of the Revolution. After seeing some field 
service he was, in 1777, commissioned surgeon in the Continental army, and 
attached to what was called the Flying Hospital. Dr. Latimer's services were 
in constant demand ; he was with the army in all the battles in the northern 
department from Brandywine to Yorktown. When the war ended, in 1783, he 
returned to the practice of Medicine in Wilmington. He was elected a mem- 
ber of the State Legislature; also to Congress from 1793 to 1795; but before 
closing his last term as a member of the House of Representatives, he was, 
in 1794, elected United States Senator from Delaware for one term. After a 
long and honorable life, he died December 19, 1819, and was buried in the 
graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilmington, where his tomb- 
stone may be seen. He left descendants. His son, John R. Latimer, succeeded 
him as a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, in Pennsylvania, in 1821, 
and after filling a number of minor offices became vice-president of the society 
in 1854-55, and president in 1855, which position he held until his death in 
1865." t 



* Notices of Dr. Henry Latimer are found in Scharf's History of Delaware, vol. ii. p. 735 ; Biograph- 
ical Encyclopaedia, vol. ii. p. 1225 ; St. Memin's Collection of Portraits. See, also, History of Delaware 
Society of the Cincinnati ; and University of Pennsylvania Catalogue, p. 16. 

t Biographical and Genealogical History of the State of Delaware (1899), p. 140. 

IS4 




SARAH I.ATIMER 
No. 42 




HENRY LATIMER 



No. I ! 



(Bienealogtcal JSecorDjs of William (I5eDDe0 latimev 

With the exception of his son John, the children of Henry Latimer were 
buried in the graveyard of the First Presbyterian Church in Wihnington, Dela- 
ware. 

Children of Henry and Anna Latimer : 

43. Sarah R. Latimer'. 

44. John R. Latimer',* married Elizabeth C. Keppele. 

45. Mary R. Latimer*. 

46. Henry Latimer', f married Sarah A. Bailey. 

47. James Latimer'. 

16. Margaret Latimer^ (James", Arthur'), born November 18, 1754; died 
July 30, 1839; married, November 21, 1776, Captain Henry Geddes, U.S.N. 

" Captain Henry Geddes, one of the conspicuous soldiers of the Revolution 
from Wilmington, was born in Dublin, Ireland, June 13, 1749. 



* Notice of the death of John R. Latimer, Esq., in 1865, from the Wilmington /oKr«a/.- 

"Died, suddenly, at his residence near this city, on the i8th inst., John R. L<-itimer. Esq. We 
make this announcement with a feeling of peculiar sadness, and we are sure that in this feeling not 
only a large circle of endeared kindred, but the whole community where he was so well known and 
honored, will join. 

" He arose in the morning of his sudden death in his usual health and cheerfulness, and after at- 
tending to some little matters on his place, he started for town, and on his way he was attacked with 
severe pain in the region of the heart. Turning his horse homeward, he reached his house, and in 
about half an hour expired in his accustomed chair in his library. Thus ends the earthly course of 
one of our oldest, most distinguished and useful citizens. 

" Mr. Latimer was born near this city, and had just passed his seventy-first year. In early life he 
entered a counting-house in Philadelphia, and after a few years of severe application to business, he 
was permitted to gratify the desire of his boyhood, by going to Canton, China, where, in connection 
with several large commercial houses in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, he spent nearly twenty 
years. Having been successful in business, he returned with a competence, which was all he desired ; 
purchased and m.ade his home, the beautiful spot near this city, which has been rendered all that fine 
culture and good taste could secure for the residence of a gentleman of leisure and wealth. 

" There he has spent nearly thirty years as happily as often falls to the lot of men. Yet with all 
the inducements to ease and inactive luxury, he has ever been active in every good work. There are 
few public institutions of religion, benevolence, or charity that have not felt his helping hand. He has 
ever been ready and willing to take any responsibility and share any labor for the common good. 

"With a high sense of character, his integrity and open sincerity were above all reproach. His 
knowledge of the world and men had been enlarged by extensive travel and reading. Very few men, 
with whom we have met, were so generally intelligent, or could so well command their resources of 
reading, observation, and experience. Socially, he was the delight of every circle in which he moved. 

" He had many public trusts and discharged them all with most scrupulous fidelity. As president 
of the Pennsylvania State Cincinnati Society, he was honored. As chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the National Board of Commissioners on the Gettysburg Cemetery, he was most actively 
engaged and deeply interested to have that resting-place of our fallen heroes all that a grateful nation 
could desire. He will be missed and deeply mourned by the religious congregation where he wor- 
shipped, and for the prosperity of which he had so heartily given the last years of his life. 

" In his death our State loses one of its most honored and distinguished citizens, and society one 
of its brightest ornaments. He was called suddenly from us, but we believe he was not wholly unpre- 
pared. 

" His remains will be taken to Philadelphia for interment, on Saturday morning at half past nine 
o'clock. The funeral will proceed from Prime Street Depot at eleven o'clock." 

t Henry Latimer, Jr., born May 21, 1799; died February 28, 1885; he was president of the Bank 
of Delaware for thirty-one years. 

155 



©cncalogical itJccorDg of B>iuiam (i3cDDc0 iatimcr 

ili.nr_\ C_i(.ddcb was (.diicatcd al Trinity LuUcgc, Dublin, and at nineteen 
entered the British navy as midshipman. He continued in tiiat service several 
years. In 1775 he came tu America, landing at Wilmington. At the outbreak 
of the Revolution he entered the American army as quartermaster of Colonel 
Dulif's Delaware regiment, and was with that command during 177O-77. In 
December, 1777, Mr. Geddes returned from the army, took charge of a merchant 
vessel at Baltimore, and soon after became a captain in the L'nited States navy. 
He commanded the sloop-of-war " Patapsco,' and with it rendered important 
service to the country. His perilous adventures were lunnerous. In 1778 his 
vessel was upset, but he and twelve others escaped in a small boat. For seventeen 
days they were without water or provisions, except twenty pounds of damaged 
flour and a dog. Five of their number had perished from iumger and thirst, 
when the rest were rescued by a brig, bound for Ale.xandria, Virginia. In 1799 
his vessel was again wrecked. At the close of the Revolution Captain Geddes 
returned to the merchant service. In iSio, when in command of a vessel bound 
for Dublin, he was driven by a violent storm into the Irish Channel and wrecked 
near White Haven ; he and his crew were saved. After the close of the second 
war with Great Britain he made two long voyages, and in 1816 was appointed 
inspector of revenue for the District of Delaware, which office he held to the 
time of his death, December i, 1833. In 1776 he married Miss M. Latimer, of 
Wilmington, with whom he enjoyed fifty-seven years of wedded life. She was 
a noble and worthy woman. She survived her husband to the age of eighty-five 
years. The remains of both lie near the centre of the Presbyterian church-yard, 
on the west side of JMarket Street. Their home in Wilmington was on the east 
side of Market Street, a few doors below Second." * 

Children of Flenry and Margaret Geddes : 

48. Sarah Geddes', married Freeborn Banning. 

49. George Geddes'. 

50. Sophia Geddes'. 

51. James Geddes'. 

52. William Geddes'. 

17. Sarah Latimer" (James-, Arthur'), born February 4, 1757; died June 
14, 1826; married, June 25, 1773, Thomas Cuthbert, Jr., merchant, of Philadel- 
phia, son of Thomas and Ann (Wilkinson) Cuthbert. Thomas Cuthbert took 
the oath of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania June 20, 1777.! Thomas 
Cuthbert, Sr., was a Delegate to the Provincial Convention held in Philadelphia 
January 23, 1775, j. and it was probably he and not his son Thomas who was 
warden of Christ Church in 1777. § 



■* Bioi<raphical and Cifiiealogical History of the State of Delaware, vol. ii. p. 1263. 

t Penna. Archives, second series, vol. iii. p. 6. 

t Ibid., vol. iii. p. 592. 

i Ibid., first series, 1776-77, p. 601, 

156 




HENRV GEDDES 




MRS. HENRY GEDDES 

(MARGARET LATIMEb) 

No. I 6 



(Eiencalofiical EccotDjs of l^tUtam dScDdcsi Latimer 



Children of Thomas and Sarah Cuthbcrt : 

53. John Cuthbert'. 

54. Sarah Cuthbert'. 

55. James Cuthbert*, married Frances Lopariter. 
55. Thomas Cuthbert'. 

57. George Henry Cuthbert'. 

58. Elizabeth Cuthbert'. 
sg. Anthony W. Cuthbert'. 
60. Anna Jane Cuthbert*. 

21. Thomas Latimer" (James-. Arthur^), born April 19, 1765; died May 
27, 1833, at Pliiladelphia ; married, December 8, 1790, Susan David.* No issue. 

Thomas Latimer sold flour on commission in Philadelphia for tiie Latimer 
mills of Mar3'land. 

22. Susanna Latimer"' (James'-', Arthur'), born May 11, 1768; died at York, 
Pennsylvania, December 7, 1810; married at Newport, Delaware, November 8, 
1796, by Rev. Mr. Farquhar, to Rev. Robert Cathcart, D.D., born November, 
1759; died October 19, 1849. 

Dr. Cathcart and his wife are buried in York in the graveyard of the First 
Presbyterian Church. A portrait of Dr. Cathcart is owned by the estate of James 
W. Latimer, of York. 

In Gibson's History of York County t is the following sketch, written by 
Hon. James W. Latimer. 

REV. ROBERT CATHCART, D.D. 

" Rev. Robert Cathcart. D.D., deceased, was the son of xAlexander Cathcart 
and Mary Walker, his wife. He was born in November, 1759, near the town of 
Coleraine, Ireland, where his early education was conducted. He afterwards 
became a student at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated, and having 
selected the ministry as his profession, studied divinity at that institution. He 
was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Route, and labored within its bounds 
for several years. Having an uncle in America, the Rev. Robert Cathcart, of 
VV^ilmington, Delaware, he came to the United States in 1790, and joined the 
Presbytery of Philadelphia, filling various vacant pulpits in that vicinit\'. During 
this period he declined a call to Cape May, on account of its supposed unhoalth- 
fulness. In October, 1793, lie was installed pastor of the Presbyterian churches 
at York, Pennsylvania, and Round Hill, in Hopewell Township, in York County, 
by the Presbytery of Carlisle. Of the latter church he was pastor for forty-two 
years, and of the former for forty-four years, preaching in each on alternate 
Sundays, while pastor of both. During these forty-two years, though the Hope- 
well church was distant from his home in York fifteen miles, he never failed. 



*■ Christ Church, Philadelphia ( I'enna. .Archives, vol. viii. p. 151 ) 
t Edition of 18.86, pp. 411, 412. 

157 



(Benealogtcal HecorDjJ of William (KeDDDS Latimer 

when at home, to reach his pulpit, excepting on one Sabbath when ill. For thirty 
successive years he was yearly elected by the Presbytery to which he belonged 
its commissioner to the General Assembly of that denomination, and for twenty 
years was stated clerk of that body. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- 
ferred on him by Queen's (now Rutgers) College, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 
He was for thirty years a trustee of Dickinson College, Carlisle, and obtained from 
it the degree of Doctor of Divinity for Scott, the great Scriptural commentator. 
Always identified with and an active promoter of public education, he was one 
of the original trustees of the York County Academy, and president of the board 
for many years. Some years before his death he tendered his resignation as 
president, but the board declined to accept it. He was a liberal contributor to 
all the missionary and charitable enterprises of his own church, as well as to 
those not strictly denominational, such as the Bible and Tract Societies, and the 
American Sunday-school Union. It has been justly said of him that he taught 
his people liberality by example, rather than by precept. One of his successors 
wrote of him : ' I knew Dr. Cathcart as well as a son could know a father, visited 
him daily for years, and, with the best opportunities for judging, can say that he 
was among the best and purest of our American clergy.' y\nother, summing up 
his character, says, ' He was remarkable for his honesty, liberality, gentlemanli- 
ness, philanthropy, and attachment to his church and her principles and form of 
government.' In 1796 he married Susan Latimer, of Newport. Delaware. He 
survived her thirty-nine years, and died on October 19, 1849, leaving three sons 
and two daughters, of whom only one daughter is now living. Dr. Cathcart was 
a man of great learning, of broad and liberal culture, and catholic views on all 
religious questions. Though ardently attached to the Presbyterian Church, in 
which he was born and to which he devoted his life, there was nothing narrow 
or sectarian about him. He was not an orator in the ordinary sense of the term. 
His delivery was somewhat monotonous, and with little gesture and no attempt 
at rhetorical display ; but the purity and elegance of his diction, the depth and 
breadth of thought, the originality displayed in his sermons, always attracted a 
large and attentive audience of the most cultivated and intellectual people in the 
town. His high personal and professional standing in the community, his long 
connection with the highest judiciary of the Presbyterian Church in the United 
States, and the influence he there exercised in moulding and guiding the policy 
of the church, make it eminently fitting that he should be selected as the repre- 
sentative of Presbyterianism in this work. In the great schism which rent the 
Presbyterian Church in twain about 1837 Dr. Cathcart was an earnest advocate 
of the liberal or ' new school' side. The trial of Rev. Albert Barnes for heresy 
by the Synod of Pennsylvania took place in the York Church. One of the few 
law-suits concerning church property growing out of that schism was instituted 
by the ' old school' minority of the York congregation to recover the church and 
parsonage property. It was tried in 1841 before Judge Hayes of Lancaster, 
Messrs. Mayer and Chapin being of counsel for the ' new school' party, and 
l\Tessrs. Hambly and Mason for the ' old school,' and the former gained the suit, 

158 



(Biencalogical ISccorD^ of ^fUtam (iDieDtiejs Latimei* 

both in the court below and in the Supreme Court. The case is reported in 
Watt's and Serjeant's Reports." 

Children of Robert and Susanna Cathcart : 

6i. Sarah Geddes Cathcart*. 

62. Alexander Cathcart'. 

63. James Latimer Cathcart*. 

64. James Latimer Cathcart*. 

65. Jane Latimer Cathcart*. 

66. Thomas Latimer Cathcart*. 

67. Robert Cathcart*. 

23. William Geddes Latimer' (James^, Arthur'), born February 22, 
1771 ; died June 2, 1810; married, November 4, 1794, Sarah Bartow,* born 
July I, 1773; died August 25, 1817; daughter of Thomas Bartow, of Philadel- 
phia. 

William G. Latimer resided for a few years after his marriage near Newport, 
Delaware, but ultimately removed to Philadelphia, where he was engaged in 
the shipping and commission business. He was an elder of the First Presbyterian 
Church, Philadelphia, for many years. He and his wife are buried (without 
tombstones) in the church-yard belonging to it. 

Children of William Geddes and Sarah Latimer : 

68. Thomas Bartow Latimer*, born at Newport, Delaware, December r. 1795; 

drowned in tlie Schuylkill in 1806. 

69. James Bartow Latimer', born November 6, 1797; died July 19, 1856; married 

Sarah Geddes Cathcart. 

70. William Geddes Latimer', born April 30, 1799; married Mary Collins. 

71. Elizabeth Bartow Latimer', born April 7, 1801 ; married David Harris. 

72. Sarah Bartow Latimer*, born February 22, 1802; died November 16, 1876; 

married Philip Albright Small. 

73. George Latimer*, born April 17, 1803; died August 2, 1874; unmarried. 

74. Henry Latimer*, born February 2, 1805; died February 2, 1879; married Fanny 

E. George. 

75. Jane Latimer*, born 1807; died 1808. 

69. James Bartow Latimer* (William G.', James', Arthur'), born No- 
vember 6, 1797; died July 19, 1856; married, September 17, 1825, Sarah Geddes 
Cathcart, born November 18, 1797; died July 9, 1874; daughter of Rev. Robert 
Cathcart. 

James B. Latimer was early engaged in business in St. Thomas, Porto Rico, 
but returned to the L^nited States and settled in York, where he was for many 
years in business with P. A. & S. Small. 

Both he and his wife were buried in the church-yard of the First Presbyterian 
Church at York. 



* Moravian Church Records, Lititz (Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ix. p. 150). 

1 59 



(l^encalogical BccorDjs of I^UUam dScDDeji Latfmer 

The will of James B. Latimer is remarkable for its brevity : 

" York, Sept. 24, 1855. 

" In my usual health, but aware of the uncertainty of life, I make this my 
last will and testament. I make Philip A. Small my executor. I leave my tract 
of land, in Missouri, to my three sons, to be divided equall\' between them. I 
leave my household furniture to my wife, S. G. Latimer, and the income of all 
my various stocks also to her during her life. At her decease the same stocks to 
be divided equally between my three sons. I omit my daughter, because m\- wife 
has amply provided for her in her will. The eighteen shares of stock in my name 
' in trust." in the Bank of North Ainerica is the property of S. G. Latimer during 
her life, and to go equally between her children at her death. 

(Signed) " Jas. B. L.\timek." 

\\'itnesses : Jas. W. Latimer and Jane C. Latimer. 

Children of James R. and Sarah G. Latimer : 

76. Margaret Cathcart Latimer'. 

77. Robert Cathcart Latimer'. 

78. Jane Cathcart Latimer'. 

79. Robert Cathcart Latimer'. 

80. James V/illiam Latimer'. 

81. Bartow Latimer'. 

70. William Geddes Latimer' ( William G.", James-. Arthur' ), born April 
30. 1799: died at Savannah. Georgia: married Mary Collins, of New Jersey, 
who died at Shrewsbury. Pennsylvania. August i. 1853, aged fifty-three years. 

A\'iliiani G. Latimer liekl for many years a government position at Savannah. 
Georgia. After liis death his family remnved to Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania. 

Children of William (\. and Mary Latimer: 

82. Benjamin Collins Latimer'. 

83. Hannah M. Latimer'. 

84. Elizabeth Bartow Latimer". 

85. 'William H. Latimer'. 

86. Mary H. Latimer. 

87. George Schley Latimer\ 

88. Thomas Sargent Latim.er'. 

89. 'Wilhelmina Bartow Latimer*. 

71. Elizabeth Bartow Latimer* ( Willi.ini G.', Janies^ ArthurM, born at 
Philadelphia. Ajiril 7. iSoi : married at ^'ork. April 3. 1833. David Harris,* of 
Harrisburg. 



*' The great-grandfather of David Harris was John Harris, founder of Harrisburg, who came from 
Yorkshire prior to 169S and settled on the Susquehanna, where he traded with the Indians, by whom 
he was captured in 1718 and tied to a tree to be burned, but was rescued. The stump of the tree is 
still standing in Harris Park. (Bartovv Genealogy, p. 132,) 

160 



(Benealogtcal Hccoi;D0 of l^ilUam 0eDDC!S Latimer 

David Harris was for many years a merchant in Harrisbnrg. 

Children of David and Ehzabeth B. Harris : 

go. Philip Small Harris', 

gi. Henry Latimer Harris\ 

g2. Louisa David Harris'. 

93. Sarah Harris'. 

72. Sarah Bartow Latimer* ( W'iUiam G.-''. James-, Arthnr'). born Febru- 
ary 22. 1802: died Xovembcr 16, 1876; married PhiHp Albriglit Small. (See 
Small records, page 43.) 

73. George Latimer* (William G."', James", Arthur*), born at Philadel- 
phia, April 17, 1803; died at Paris, France, August 2, 1874; unmarried. He was 
buried at Prospect Hill, York, Pennsylvania. 

During one of his visits to London, George Latimer purchased the two 
paintings, by Sir George Hayter, of the Burning of Latimer and Ridley at Oxford, 
and of Latimer preaching before Henry VHI. These pictures, with portrait of 
himself, are owned by the estate of P. A. Small, York, Pennsylvania, 

" .\ writer in the IVatchniaii, of Boston, Professor Otis T. Mason, gives some 
interesting facts concerning the archjeology of Porto Rico, our first and largest 
colonial possession. 

About twenty-five years ago,' says Professor Mason, ' the secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution received a brief letter from Baltimore simply announcing 
that a Dutch brig had arrived from Porto Rico loaded with sugar, and that 
there were twenty-two boxes and barrels consigned to him. They proved to be 
one of the richest archreological treasures in the world. Of their kind they are 
unique. I had the extreme pleasure of opening them, and of writing an illustrated 
report of them. The Hon. George Latimer, consul-general of the island, had 
gathered them during a long residence, and left them in his will to the Smith- 
sonian. When one recalls the meagre archaeological treasures from the other 
great Antilles, he at once feels sure that, long before Columbus and Ponce de 
Leon, this was the sacred island of an artistic people, who knew how to carve 
and engrave and polish stone, and even to bore beads of chalcedon}-. The stone 
collars, the crouching figures, and the stone chains are not like the mythical pro- 
ductions of any other place. Porto Rico was the .\thens of the Antilles aborigi- 
nally. Its culture associates it with people to the south, in Guadeloupe, and also 
with Central America. A large series of the carvings seem to show the jjcnius 
loci in the shape of a man on his stomach supporting the island on his back. If 
you were to see these precious objects, you would say that no other Polished 
-Stone .'\ge people had excelled the ancient Porto Ricans in originality of design 
or skill in lapidary work." " * 



* Christian Work. Sertemher 8, tSoS. 



dEientalogical BccotDsi of l^tlUam ©cDDe^ Latimer 

The York Republican gives the following notice : 

" Died at Paris, France, on Sunday, August 2, 1874, George Latimer, Esq., 
of St. Johns, Porto Rico, W. I. 

" He was born in Philadelphia on the 17th of April, .\.d. 1803. In early life 
he sailed from the Port of Philadelphia, as a supercargo, to the West Indies. He 
subsequently entered into the mercantile commission business in St. Thomas and 
afterwards in St. Johns, Porto Rico, and continued so engaged at the time of his 
death, being then a member of the firm of Latimer & Co., in St. Johns, and 
Onativia & Co., in New York. 

" The firm of Latimer & Co. was extensively engaged in the banking as well 
as commission business, with extensive European and American connections. 

" For many years he was consul-general of the L^nited States on the Island. 
At the time of his death he was consul of the Danish and Austrian governments. 
Some years since the Spanish government created him a Knight of the Order 
of Isabella. 

" The extensive business of the firm of Latimer & Co., of which he was a 
member, required frequent visits to Europe, where, especially in London, Paris, 
and Hamburg, he had formed a large circle of devoted friends. Being in Paris 
on one of these business visits, he underwent, on Friday, July 31, a surgical 
operation which resulted in his death. 

" Mr. Latiiner was a frequent sojourner in this community and had many 
warm friends here. He was a brother of James B. Latimer, Esq., deceased, and 
Mrs. Philip A. Small." 

Owing to the fact that George Latimer was a citizen of the L^nited States, 
that he was living in Porto Rico, and that he died at Paris, France, the proving 
of his will was a complicated matter, as will be seen by the following : 

" No. 30. 

" Surrogate's Court. 

County of New York. 

IN THE MATTER OF THE 

ESTATE 

OF 

GEORGE LATIMER 

Deceased. 

Exemplified Copy. 

" The People of the State of New York, 

" By the Grace of God Free and Independent. 

" To all to whom these presents shall come or may concern, 

" Greeting: 

" Know ye. That we, having examined the records and files in the offices of 
the Surrogate of the City and County of New York, do find there remaining, a 
certain record of the exemplification of the last will and testament of George 
Latimer deceased, said will having been duly admitted to probate as a Will of 

162 




GFORCF LATIMFR 

No. 14 



(Genealogical ISccorDji of l^illiam d^eDDe^ Lattmet 



personal property on the twenty fifth day of November in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy four. 

" In the words and figures following, to wit : 

" Seal 2nd year 1874, Number Two hundred and seventy nine. 

" In the city of Puerto Rico on the nineteenth day of September, Eighteen 
hundred and seventy four; there appeared before me Don Mauricio Guerra, a 
resident of this Capital and one of the notaries of the College of 
Compared: ^^j^j^ Territory, and the witnesses herein after mentioned: His 

Excy, the Marquis of la Espercinsa, Don Jose Ramon Fernandes, Don Carlos 
A. Hoard, and Don Guillermo E. Latimer of legal age, residents and merchants 
of this City, who stated that they are free to manage their own estates in the 
full enjoyment of their civil rights, and legally apt to make this instrument, 
and they said ; that his Excy. Don George Latimer, who formerly was a mer- 
chant and resident of this City, conferred upon them, by a document made on 
the sixth day of October eighteen hundred and sixty eight, the power to will, 
so that they might make his last will and testament, after his death, within 
or without the term designated by law, jointly or separately, and in accordance 
with the instructions which he had communicated to them, and which he might 
thereafter communicate to them ; which Power of Attorney was ratified by an 
instrument given on the twenty second of June of the present year, and both 
documents being made before me the Notary, the originals of which I have 
before me, they being in this protocol, under my charge, and they read literally 
as follows : 

" In the City of Puerto Rico on the sixth day of the month of October 
eighteen hundred and sixty eight, before me the undersigned Notary Public and 
the witnesses hereinafter mentioned, there appeared Mr. George 
Power of at- Latimer, which I attest I know, and said; that he is a native of 
Philadelphia in the United States, a resident and merchant in this 
city, unmarried, a legitimate son of Mr. Wm. G. Latimer and Mrs. Sarah 
Bartow, both deceased, and sixty five years of age ; that he is in the enjoyment of 
good health and in the full possession of his senses, good memory and natural 
intelligence, believing as a faithful christian in the Divine Mystery of the most 
Holy Trinity and all the others preached and taught by the Catholic Church, 
having as his intercessor the Queen of the Angels, the most blessed Mary, Mother 
of God, and our Lady and the other saints of the Celestial Court ; and fearing death 
which is so natural and unavoidable, for living beings, as its hour is uncertain, 
and so that when it does arrive, it may not find him unprovided with testamentary 
dispositions, he has decided to give power of attorney to persons of his confidence 
to testate for him and he therefore confers it in favor of Mr. Jose Ramon Fer- 
nandes, Mr. Charles A. Hoard and Mr. William E. Latimer, all of legal age and 
residents of this City so that jointly or separately, that is, all together or each of 
his own accord, in the order in which they are named, may make his will, within 
or without the term specified by law, in accordance with the instructions which 
he has already communicated to them, or which he may hereafter communicate 

163 



d^cntalogtcal EccorDjs of B?illiam (BcDDejs Latimer 



to them, up to the moment of his death, reserving to himself the following disposi- 
tions alone : 

" First: He wills one half silver real to each of the mandates of Jerusalem 
and the three dollars to the religious fund as instituted. 

" Second: He wishes that the suffrages for the good of his soul be left to 
the will of his executors. 

" Tliird : He also wishes them to be the ones to make the declaration of his 
property and of his assets and liabilities they being well instructed. 

" Fourth : He names as executors his same attorneys in the order in wliich 
they have been named, with the extension of the one year allowed to executors by 
law extended to all the time which they may need, and he names the same as 
distributing accountants in the order already indicated. 

" Fifth: It is his will to institute and he does hereby institute as his heirs in 
trust, the above mentioned Mr. Jose Ramon Fernandes, Mr. Charles A. Hoard, 
and Mr. William E. Latimer, so that they may jointly or separately dispose of 
his property in the private form vvhich he has recommended to them, and so that 
no person, authority or Tribunal, no matter how much priviledged, may ask an 
account of them, nor to give any account under any circumstances for he leaves 
the fulfillment of his will trusting exclusively to the conscience of said gentlemen, 
owing to the unlimited confidence he has in them, so much so that should any one 
attcnipt to force them to give account of the disposal of his property, it must 
be understood that by that very act the\- are named as only and universal heirs 
freely and without conditions of any kind. 

'■ Sixth. By these presents he revokes and annuls any other testamentary 
disposition which he may have heretofore made, so that none may be valid, in 
writing or by word of mouth or in any other form, nor have any force in law 
e.xcepting this power and the testament which will be made by virtue of it which 
he wislies shall be kept and fulfilled as his last and deliberate will, or in the way 
and form prescribed by law, and the grantor whom as already said, I attest that 
I know, is sound of mind and in the full possession of his memory, and natural 
intelligence, thus said granted and signed, together with the witnesses present 
who were Don Jose Maria Catala, Mr. Patricio Algarin and Mr. Manuel Camunas, 
residents of this City, to which I attest : 

(Signed) "George Latimer. 

as witness. Jose Maria Catala — as witness, Patricio Algarin — as witness, Alanuel 
Camunas — sign.eted Maurioio Guerra number one hundred and seventy in the city 
of Puerto Rico, on the twentv second day of June. Eighteen hun- 

Ratification of • " . „ ° 

the power to dred and seventy four, before me Don Mauncio Guerra, a resident 
testate. ^f jj^j^ (^apjtal. a Xotary of the College of This Territory and the 

witnesses hereinafter mentioned there appeared His Excy Mr. George Latimer, 
seventy years of age, a resident and merchant of this Capital, who stated that he 
was in the full enjoyment of his Civil rights and legally apt to make this docu- 
ment and he said: that on the Sixth of October. Eighteen hundred and sixty 
eight an<l by an instrument granted before the Notary, now present, he gave 

i 1 



(KcnealoQical EccorDjs of l^illiam ceicDDCjSi Latimer 

special power to testate to His Excy, ^Ir. Jose Ramon Fernandes, to Mr. Charles 
A. Hoard and to Air. William Latimer, naming them his executors and heirs in 
trust, so that jointly or separately they may make this will, within or without the 
term prescribed by law and so that the) may dispose of his property in the private 
form which he has recommended to them, with all other clauses and conditions 
expressed in said Power of Attorney, and although this Power of Attorney is still 
in force. His Excy the Grantor is about leaving this Island to improve his health 
which is somewhat broken down, he has decided to ratify said Power of Attorney 
and he does so in the way and form prescribed by law, and states that he ratifies ■ 
in all its parts the special power to testate conferred on the above named gentle- 
men, Messrs. Fernandes, Hoard and Latimer in the date above given, in all and 
each of its parts, so that his attorneys may, after the death of the grantor, make 
within or without the term required by law, his last will and testament in accord- 
ance with this same Power of Attorney and the instructions which he has given 
them and may hereafter give them, for said document remains in full force and 
vigor, by virtue of this ratilication, which he promises not to revoke or limit in 
whole or in part and to the fulfillment thereof he binds the property which he now 
has or may hereafter have with submission and renunciation of all laws and rights 
in his favor: He thus said, granted and signed after having read this document 
himself in presence of the witnesses present residents of this City, and there were 
Mr. Salvador Prato and Pablo Marieu of legal age, having no legal impediment to 
hinder them, to all of which I, the Notary attest, as also of the knowledge of his 
Excy, the grantor and the witnesses mentioned, George Latimer, signeted Mauriciu 
Guerra an exact copy of the contents of the original to which I refer, and the 
gentlemen appearing continued stating that His Excy Mr. George Latimer, its 
author, died in the City of Paris on the third of August last, as proven by the 
certificate of death which they show me, in the French language, and which 
translated by the Interpreter of Languages of the Superior Government of this 
Island Mr. Manuel Paniagua which translation copied reads as follows: "Office 
of the Interpreter of Languages of the Superior Civil Government Translation : 
There is a seal of $1.50 One embossed seal on the margin Register No. i Num- 
ber 786 Latimer 11,646. Prefecture of the department of the Seine, Extract of 
the Register of the Certificates of death of the first distrirt of Paris, for the vear 
1874. On the third of August Eighteen hundred and seventy four at a quarter 
of three was made this certificate of death legally proved of Geo. Latimer without 
any profession, seventy three years of age, a native of the United States of 
America, who died in Paris last night at half past one at No. 3 Vendome place, 
a resident of St. John of Pto. Rico, West Indes, a bachelor without any further 
details ; By virtue of the declaration made to me an officer of the Civil state of the 
first district of Paris by Alphonse Armand Ydee, architect, thirty six years of 
age, a resident of Paris, at Martyrs Street, No. 13, and by Antoine Alexander 
Fillard, Contractor of the public Granary, forty six years of age, residing at 
Chalon (seine & Oise) After reading the above the witnesses have signed the 
register A Ydee Fillard and V. Lemoine, assistant Judge, a correct copy — Paris 

i6s 



Genealogical KecorDjs of ?^illiam (KeDDejsi Latimer 

Twelfth of August Eighteen hundred and seventy four. The Judge of the first 
district of Paris signed Dettwiller; here is the seal of the Court of the ist District 
Court of Paris, on the margin, Civil State, Dues for the present extract to wit : 
Seals $i.8o Testimony fees 75c. $2.55. Note. The legalization costs 25c. besides 
the foregoing charges seen by me the Judge for the legalization of the signature 
of Mr. Dettwiller, owing to an impediment to the President of the Civil Tribunal 
of 1st instance of the Seine, Paris i8th of August 1874, signed Noulle, here the 
seal of the Tribunal of ist instance of the department of the Seine. Seen to legal- 
ize the signature of Mr. Noulle on the back of this page, Paris August 21st, 1874, 
By delegation of the keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice. The Sub chief of the 
Office Signed Bonnet — here the seal of the Ministry of Justice. The Minister of 
foreign affairs certifies that the signature of Mr. Bonnet is authentic, Paris 21st 
August 1874, by authority of the Minister. By the Sub Director Chief of the 
Chancellor's Office signed Dubois, — Here the seal of the Ministry of foreign 
afifairs. Here follows the legalization of the signature of Mr. Dubois by the 
Spanish Consul in Paris, which being in Spanish I refer to it. Here is a seal 
which reads, Vice Consulate of Spain at Paris, Spanish Republic, No. 382 seen at 
this consulate of Spain, good for the legalisation of Mr. Dubois signature, Paris 
24th of August 1874, The Vice Consul Theodoniro Avendano, I Mr. Manuel 
Paniagua interpreter of the Superior Civil Government certify that the foregoing 
translation is true and literal, agreeing in all its parts with the enclosed original, 
and in testimony thereof I give the present at Puerto Rico on the 17th of Sep- 
tember eighteen hundred and seventy four, Manuel Paniagua. It also agrees 
with the original translation therein contained, which I return to the grantors who 
accepting said power as they do accept it and assuring that it has not been 
revoked, suspended or limited and they carry out the wishes of their principal in 
the following manner. 

" First. They bequeath as their principal bequeathed one half silver real to 
each of the mandates of Jerusalem and the tliree dollars to the religious fund of 
the same by which they deprive them of the rights which they might have to the 
property of their principal. 

" Second. It was the will of the grantor of the power of attorney, that the 
suffrages of the good of his soul, be left to the will of his executors, who are the 
three persons appearing and they will so fulfill it. 

" Third. They do declare that their principal, His Excy. Mr. Geo. Latimer, 
communicated to them what his assets and liabilities were, they being well in- 
formed on the subject, and the grantors in accordance with what was ordered by 
the testator, state that they will make the declaration of said goods when they 
shall think it proper and well timed. 

" Fourth. They elect and name themselves as testamentary executors of the 
deceased and principal, His Excy. Mr. Geo. Latimer, in the order in which they 
have appeared, and also as distributing accountants of his property in the same 
order, and they grant to each other reciprocally an extension of the year of execu- 
torship allowed by law for so long a time as they may require for such was his 
will. 166 



C^cncalogtcal MccorDjs of William ©cDDcjs ilatimci* 

" Fifth. They name themselves as their grantor named them, in the enclosed 
Power of Attorney, as his heirs in trust, with the same clauses and conditions of 
the power above named, that is to say, that the persons appearing will jointly and 
severally dispose of his property in the private form which he had communicated 
to them, and so that no person. Authority or Tribunal, no matter how much 
priviledged they may be, may ask any account of them nor give them at any time, 
so much so that should any one endeavor to force them to give account of the 
disposal made of the goods of the deceased, it will be understood by that very act 
that the grantors are named as only and universal heirs of their principal, freely 
and without conditions of any kind. 

" Sixth. By the present they revoke and annul as their principal revoked and 
annulled all testaments and other testamentary dispositions, which he may have 
made before now, in writing, by word of mouth or in any other form, so that none 
may be valid or be legally or extra- judicially binding, excepting the power of 
Attorney herewith and this testament, which they wish shall be kept, fulfilled and 
executed as his last and deliberate will, or in the way and form prescribed by law. 
In testimony whereof they thus said, granted and signed, after having read this 
document themselves, together with the witnesses present, residents of this City 
who were Mr. Jesus de Goicochea, and Mr. Pablo Marieu, procurators of this 
City, and the constable Francisco Garcia, of legal age and competent to all of 
which I the Notary attest as also to the fact that I know the grantors and wit- 
nesses above mentioned. The Marquis of la Esperansa — Carlos A. Hoard, Guil- 
lermo E. Latimer, as witnesses Pablo Marieu, Jesus de Goicochea, Francisco 
Garcia, sig^ned Mauricio Guerra. 

" On the same day I gave an exemplified copy on two sheets of paper of the 
second seal and two of the third, to the grantors ; I attest Guerra. 

" A true copy of the original testament to which it refers made before me 
and which under the number above stated is to be found in the current protocol 
under my charge to which I refer. 

" In witness whereof and at the request of his Excy. the Marquis of la Es- 
peransa I give this second copy on two sheets of the second seal and two of the 
third at Puerto Rico, on the twenty sixth day of September Eighteen hundred and 
seventy four 

(signet) 
(signed) Mauricio Guerra (flourish) 

We the undersigned notaries of this City certify and attest ; that Mr. Mau- 
ricio Guerra is as he styles himself a Notary and that he uses a signet to the 
above, and so far as we know anything to the contrary he is now 
ega isa .on. .^^ ^^^ exercise of his duties ; Puerto Rico September twenty seventh 
Eighteen hundred and seventy four. 

(signet) ^ . 

T-, n (signet) 

<;^=,i of th,. rni DemETRIO GiMENES , ^^ ' 

Seal of the Col. , ^ ,, JUAN RaMON DE ToRRES 

lege of Notaries. signed Y. MoRENO •' 

(flourish) (flourish) 

167 



©cnealogical HccorD0 of ly^iUiam c3cDDcj5 Latimer 

(Copy.) 
"Consulate of the Lnited Stales of America at Sn. juan. Porto Rico Septeinber 
28th, 1874 
" I Edward Conroy Consul of the Cnited States of America at San Juan Pto. 
Rico do hereby certify that the foregoing signatures are the true and genuine 
signatures of Alauricio Guerra. Dimetrio Gimenes Y .Moreno and Juan Ramon de 
Torres (Licensed Xotaries) and as such are entitled to full faith and credit Given 
under ni\- hand and in witness whereunto I cause the seal of this Consulate to be 
fixed, this twenty eighth day of September 1874. 

[seal] ( Signed ) " Edward Coxrov 

" U. S. Consul. 

■■ City and County ui Xew York j-j-; 

"Alfred B. Cruikshank being dul\ swcirn says that he is familiar with the 
Spanish and English languages that he has carefull_\ translated into English the 
annexed exemplified copy in the Spanish language of tlie will of George Latimer 
and of the jiroceedings on the jirobate thereof at Porto Rico, and has made the 
above version thereof and that said version is a translation of the whole and every 
part thereof and is as deponent verily believes in all respects accurate and true. 

" Alfred B. Cruikshank. 
" Sworn to before me this 24th day 
of November 1874 

" Allln McDonald 

" Notary I'ublic N. Y. Co. 

" I'"orm 100 

" All which we have caused by these jjresents to be exemplified, and the Seal 
of our said Surrogates" Court to be hereimto afiixed. 

" Witness, Hon. Abner C. Tiio.mas, a Surrogate of the County of New York, 
at llie City of New York, the twenty fourth day of December in the year of our 
Lord one thousand nine hundred and three and of our independence the one 
hundred and twenty eighth. 

" James A. Donnelly, 
" Clerk of the Surrogates' Court. 

■' 1. Abner C. Thomas, a Surrogate of said Count)- and presiding Magi^ 
trate of the Surrogates' Court, do hereby certify that James A. Donnelly whose 
name is subscribed to the preceding exemplification, is the Clerk of said Surro- 
gates' Court of the County of New York, and that full faith and credit are due 
to his official acts. 1 further certify that the seal aifixeil to the exemi)lincation is 
the seal of our said Surrogates' Court, and that the attestation thereof is in due 
form, and according to the form of attestation used in this State. 
" Dated, New York, December 24th, 1903. 

" Abner C. Thomas, 

" Surrogate. 
168 



Genealogical iSecorDjS of 5^(Uiam ©eDDejs Latimer 

'■ State of New York f 
County of New York 1 

" I, James A. Donxellv, Clerk of the Surrogates' Court of the County of 
New York, do hereby certify that Hon. Abner C. Thomas, whose name is sub- 
scribed to the preceding certificate, is the presiding Magistrate of the Surrogates' 
Court of the County of New York, duly elected, sworn and qualified, and that the 
signature of said Alagistrate to said certificate is genuine. 

" in Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my 
[seal] hand and afffixed the seal of the said Court, this 

24th day of December, 1903. 

■• James A. Donnelly, 
■■ Clerk of the Surrogates' Court." 

74. Henry Latimer* (William G.', James'-, Arthur'), born at Philadel- 
phia February 2, 1805; died at Shrewsbury, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1879; 
married, June 8, 1854, Fanny E. George, of Baltimore, Maryland. No issue. 

Henry Latimer, whose record is very fully set forth in the following me- 
morials, was for a number of years president of the Shrewsbury Savings-Bank 
and of the Young Men's Christian Association. Both he and his wife are buried 
in Prospect Hill Cemetery, York, Pennsylvania. 

DEATH OF HENRY LATIMER, ESQ. 

" I regret very much the painful duty 1 have to perform this morning of 
announcing the death of Henry Latimer, Esq., which occurred at his residence in 
this place, yesterday at ten o'clock a.m. Mr. Latimer was born in Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania, on the 2d day of February, a.d. 1805. He was a son of Wm. Lati- 
mer, Esq., a merchant, then doing business in that city. Henry at an early age 
was sent to the Moravian School at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
with distinguished honors. He then returned to his home in Philadelphia and en- 
tered the store of his father, where he remained for some length of time. In 1826 
he came to York and entered the store of P. A. & S. Small as a clerk. He remained 
with the firm until 1830, when the firm opened a mercantile business house in 
Shrewsbur}-, and Henry Latimer, with C. F. Meyers, also a clerk of the firm, came 
here to conduct the business. They arrived on the evening of August 26, 1830. 
Both, being single men, stopped at the public house kept opposite the store by Hon. 
Isaac KoUer, now deceased. The business of this firm was carried on in the name 
of " Meyers & Smalls" successfully for twenty-eight years, when the death of 
C. F. Meyers occurred. Soon thereafter the business was closed up. From the 
discontinuance of this firm, and the extensive business carried on b\- it. dates the 
decline of Shrewsbury as a business place. Numerous places, by reason of the 
demands of the flourishing state of the county and its rapid growth, began to 
spring up along the depots on the railroad and other small towns around us, which 
soon so divided the trade as to lose to Shrewsbury the greater part, controlled by 
the firm of which Mr. Latimer was the head at this place. This was a terrible 

169 



d^cncalogtcal iSccorDjs of ^i^iUiam (0cDDc0 Latimcv 

loss, from which it has nevtr recovered, in pontics Air. Latimer was an un- 
riinching Democrat, never split a ticket, alvva3s adhering tu the principles of 
Jefferson and Jackson. He took an active part in the election of Andrew Jackson 
the last term to which he was elected i'resident of the United States, yet no man as 
prominent in politics in York county for fifty years as Air. Latimer has ever 
received less honors. He never held a prominent office, though several times a 
candidate. When the Shrewsbury Savings Institution was first established in this 
place, Mr. Latimer was chosen president, which position he filled with credit for 
twenty-five years, when failing health compelled him to retire from the position. 
After the dissolution of the mercantile business, he, with Christopher Kolter, of 
this place, engaged in the wood and real estate business, which for years was very 
successful, but, by the recent shrinkages in real estate, of winch they owned a 
great deal, they were compelled to suspend operations and close the business by 
assignments, Mr. Latimer's health becoming so feeble as to render him unable to 
transact any business. Mr. Latimer remained single until June 8, 1854, when he 
was married to Miss Fannie E. George, of Baltimore, Maryland. He was a 
brother-in-law of the late P. A. Small, of York, Pennsylvania. His family rela- 
tions are all dead except one sister, Mrs. Harris, who is living in Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania. Last summer Mr. Latimer received a severe nervous shock from 
which he never recovered, and yesterday departed this life; having died on his 
birthday, he was consequently seventy-four years old. He died without issue, and 
leaves his beloved wife and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. Thus has 
passed away another of Shrewsbury's most honored and useful citizens and a 
devoted member of church and society. The funeral services will take place at the 
Moravian church at York, Pennsylvania, on Tuesday, at half-past two o'clock p.m., 
and the interment at Prospect Hill Cemetery after the close of the services at the 
church." 

The Latimer family is an ancient and honorable one. The " Battle Abbey 
Roll," by the Duchess of Cleveland, gives considerable space to the name, a portion 
of which is devoted to the martyred Bishop Latimer. There has always been a 
tradition in the Latimer family in this country that they were descended from a 
brother of Bishop Latimer. 

The abstract from the " Battle Abbey Roll" and an article on Bishop Latimer 
from the British Encyclopaedia will be found in the Appendix to this volume. 

The old parchment coat of arms owned by Miss Mary Latimer, of Wilming- 
ton, Delaware, said to have been brought to this country by Arthur Latimer, is 
almost identical with the arms given on the seventeenth century engravings of the 
martyred bishop. Burke's General Armory gives description : " Gules, a cross 
patonee or, over all a bend az. demee-de-lis of the second." 

Beneath the emblazonment is the following quaint inscription : 

" Loyall au Mort. 
LATIMER. 
170 



CPenealogical liJecorDis of 3^iUiam C»cDDe0 latimer 

" Beareth for his Achievements an Ensign Armorall Gules, a Crosse floit Or 
and Bend Azure three Flowers de lis of the second on the field above the Shield an 
Helmet Befitting his Degree, next is placed on a Wreath for his Crest, on an Arm 
embow'd in Armour, holding a Flower de lis. Or proper. 

" The signification of the Arms — the Field being Red, signifieth Justice, 
Vertue and Defense; the bearing of the Crosse was first bestowed on such as 
had performed or at least undertaken some service for Christ and Christian Pro- 
fession. I hold it the most honourable charge in heraldrie, the crosse being Yellow 
Den'ts Joy, Honour and Greatness of Spirit, the Bend in the Arms represents the 
Belt of a Knight, and signifies the Bearer thereof to be one that stood upright to 
his Prince and Countrie, being charged with Flower de lis to remember him of his 
Countrie and Prince, the Band being Bleu Denots truth, faith. Constancy. 

" This Atchievement was got by service in his Sovereigns Wars, the defense 
of the Church, King and Countrie, is of all most excellent and worthy. And 
certainly ye Honour Atchieved by an Ancestor lives in his Family as his, and is 
the memory of Virtues and example of theirs, which ought doubly to Oblige them 
to Care first in keeping that tenderly, which their Ancestor purchased difficultly 
and show themselves the true heirs of such Noble Spirits in their due imitations 
of these renowned Virtues The Livery is Yellow lined with Red. 

" This Coat of Arms is Emblazon'd & Explan'd 

" Benning, Pinxt." 








(@ftll)t0 



ENRY GEDDES' and his wife Jannet, came, m 1736, 
from Cranifields, county Down, Ireland, to America, 
and probably brought their children with them. 

Henry Geddes, born 1685, died June 29, 1739, at 
White Clay Creek, Delaware. 

His wife Jannet died there, August 22, 1756, aged 
sixty-seven years. 

A book of sermons, in his own handwriting, in- 
scribed with his name and the date 1720, which is owned 
by the estate of P. A. Small, York, Pennsylvania, has given rise to the supposition 
that Henry Geddes was a minister of the Gospel. 




Children of Henry and Jannet Geddes : 



2. Thomas Geddes", lost at sea on returning from a visit to Ireland. 

3. Jane Geddes", married George Stevenson, farmer, and lived at New Castle and 

Blackbird, New Castle County, Delaware. 

4. Margaret Geddes^ died May 5. 1807; marric<l John Hamilton, who died August 

30, 1806. They resided in Adams County, but removed to York about the 
year 1800 and lived for a time with Rev. Dr. Cathcart. They were both 
buried in the graveyard of the First Pre^byterian Church at York. No 
issue. 

5. Sarah Geddes', born 1727; married, September ig, 1749, James Latimer, of 

Newport, Delaware. She was nine years of age when she came with her 
parents from Ireland. 

6. William Geddes', died on an armed vessel at sea, and was buried on the Isle 

of Providence, unmarried. 




^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^y^ ^^ '^1^ ^1^ ^^ 



(genealogical 3^tcortis of 
C^omas ISartoiD' 



to have been a son or 
of Brittanv, France, was 



^i'V^^'^^'i^^f^^'R- THOMAS BARTOW, sai 
^^■^i^i-S-^"^^ grandson of General Bertaut, o 

^^ living in Crediton, Devonshire, England, in 1672. His 
^^^ son John Bartow", born at Crediton, about 1670 or 1673, 
b^ was graduated at Cambridge in 1692. Entering the 
IS^ ministry, he became curate of the parish of Pampisford, 
^^ in Cambridgeshire in 1694, and \'icar of the same parish 
^ in 1697. 

(y:^i'K^^y^,'<X^<%^M3__i. \Mien the ir.habitants of Westchester, New York, 

applied to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel for a minister of the 
Church of England, the Rev. John Bartow was sent out to them. He arrived at 
New York on September 29, 1702, after a voyage of eleven weeks, and on the 
19th of November following was put in charge of the parish and church of 
Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers, and the Manor of Pelham. Besides his own 
parish, Mr. Bartow performed missionary work in various places in Long Island 
and New Jersey, and for twenty-five years continued to discharge his clerical 
duties. 

On September 17, 1705. Rev. John Bartow and Helena, daughter of John 
Reid, were married at Freehold, New Jersey. 

On April 6, 1722, the Rev. John Bartow purchased a farm in Westchester, 
on which he resided until his death in 1727. Here in the family burial-ground 
most of his children are interred. 



WILL OF REV. JOHX BARTOW. 

" In the name of God, Amen, tlic twenty fourth day of January in the 
twelfth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King George, Annoq. Dom. 
one thousand seven hundred & twenty five, I. John Bartow of the Burrough Town 
of Westchester in the County of Westchester and Province of New York, Clerk 
being sick & weak in body but of sound and perfect memory praise be given to 



■■The material for this sketch has been mainly gathered from the Bartow Genealogy, where it is 
more fully followed out. The name of the father of Rev. John, the place and date of his birth, were 
found in the Records of Christ's College, England. (Bartow Genealogy, p. 21.) See also Bolton's 
History cf Westchester County, New York, vol. ii. p. 209 ; N. Y. Genealogical Record, January, 1872. 
July, 1874 ; Whitehead's Perth Amboy. 



(Benealogtcal BccorD^ of C^omasJ Bartotu 

God therefore and considering the uncertainty of this Transitory life do make 
this my last Will and Testament in manner & form following that is to say : 

" First and Principally I commend my soul to Almighty God my Creator 
assuredly believing that my sins will be remitted and that I shall be saved by the 
precious death & merits of my Blessed Saviour and Redeemer Christ Jesus and 
my body to the Earth to be buried at the discretion of my Extors hereafter named 
and touching such worldly estate as God hath been pleased to bestow upon me I 
do hereby give and dispose of the same in manner & form following, that is to 
say. 

" First. I hereby give & bequeath unto my beloved wife Helene one equal 
third part of all my personal estate for the use of her heirs and assigns forever. 

" Item. I hereby will and order that my funeral charges and all my just 
debts be paid out of the remainder of my personal Estate within Convenient time 
after my decease by my Executors hereafter named. C)nly it is hereby Provided 
that whereas John Mash of Westchester above said Boatman for or in Considera- 
tion of my becoming bound together with the said John Mash at his Special 
Instance and request and for the proper debt of the said John Mash by a certain 
obligation in the penal sum of four score pounds Currant money of New York 
with condition for the payment of Forty pounds of like currant money at a 
certain day in the said Condition exprest and for other considerations did by a 
certain deed indented under his hand & seal & the hand and seal of Rosamond 
his wife dated the Sixth day of April Anno Dom One thousand seven hundred & 
twenty two Convey unto me a certain home lot Scituate in said Westchester with 
its appurtenances and a twenty five pound as priviledge of Commonage in said 
Town. If the said John Mash his heirs Executors or admr. do not well and 
truly discharge and pay of the said obligation and all sums of money due thereon 
within one year next after my decease I hereby order my Extors to sell the said 
Lott and priviledge and to apply the money arising by the said sale towards dis- 
charging of my debts. 

" Item. I give unto my beloved wife the use of all the remaining part of 
my personal estate excepting what is herein afterwards expressly disposed of 
during her widowhood. And if my said wife shall marry again if her husband 
shall immediately upon their marriage give good security to my children or their 
guardians that all such part of my personal Estate as shall remain in my wifes 
hands (over and above her third part given) unto her as aforesaid immediately 
at and before her marrying again shall not be wasted or embezzled but that the 
same or value thereof shall be made good at her decease then I give unto her 
the use thereof during the term of her natural life. And at her decease or if upon 
her inarrying again the aforesaid Security shall be refused to be given them at 
her remarriage, I give the same equally between my six sons Thomas, Theophilus. 
Theodosius, John, .A^nthony and Basil Bartow for the use of them and their several 
heirs and assigns. 

" Item. In consideration that my beloved wife bring up my children I give 
unto her the sole use and benefit of my dwelling house and homestead and all 

174 



(Benealogtcal Buot^^ of Ci^omajs Battoto 

my land joyning thereto and of all my land at Scabby Indian bounded south 
Easterly by the Land of John Williams Westerly by the County Road Northerly 
by the road that goes to Thomas Hadden's Saw Mill & by Daniel Turners Land 
also of about two acres of Land lying within said Daniel Turners Land and of my 
Orchard Land Salt and Fresh Meadow at the place commonly called below which 
was formerly Edward Colliers David Heustis and Horseman Mullinexes and also 
a twenty five pounds privilege of Commonage in said Westchester for and during 
the term of her natural life. And I also give unto my wife until my son John shall 
attain to the age of twenty one years the use of all such part of my land in said 
Westchester which I lately purchased of David Heustis Nathaniel Underbill 
Daniel Clark Thomas Hadden & John Heustis as I have not already let out 
upon lease and the rents of all such part thereof as I have Leased. 

" Item. I give unto my son John Bartow his heirs and assigns forever all 
those tracts of Land I lately bought of David Heustis Nathaniel Underbill Daniel 
Clark Thomas Hadden & John Heustis a twenty five pounds priviledge of Com- 
manage in said Westchester together with all my right title and Interest in a 
tract of Land called the Long Reach also four Acres of Salt Meadow in West- 
chester above said which I purchased of James Ferris by a Deed past under his 
hand and seal dated the fifteenth day of January Anno Dom 1723/4 also all my 
tract of Land & meadow at Barnagate in East New Jersey being about sixty 
Acres also two eighths of a moiety of a sixteenth part of a twenty fourth part 
of a propriety in East New Jersey Granted by Gawen Drummond to John Reid 
Senr. and by said John Reid to me and my Least Gold ring and a new English 
Bible in Quarto. 

" Item. I give unto my son Thcophilus Bartow his heirs & assigns forever 
my saw mill scituate & being in Monmouth County in East New Jersey and all 
my tracts of Land and purchase adjoining containing about one thousand acres 
be they more or less Also a twenty fourth part of a tenth part of an undivided 
twenty fourth part of a propriety in East New Jersey granted by Marion 
Cambell to John Reid Sen. and by said John Reid to me & my heaviest Gold 
ring & an English Bible in Quarto. 

" Item. I give unto my son Thomas Bartow his heirs and assigns forever 
all my tract of land in Monmouth County in East New Jersey on Milstone brook 
joining to Coll. Andersons Land containing about eleven hundred Acres granted 
to me and my wife Helena by my Father in law John Reid by Deed bearing date 
the tenth day of November Anno Domino one thousand seven hundred & five 
also one half of a Fortieth part of a propriety in East New Jersey granted to 
me by said John Read by deed dated the fourth day of April Anno Dom. one 
thousand seven hundred & ffourteen and all my Greek and Latin Books my watch 
and a new English Bible in Quarto. 

"Item. I give unto my son Theodosius Bartow his heirs & assigns forever >^ 
all my tract Scituate in Monmouth County in East New Jersey on the East 
Branch containing Five hundred acres joyning to James Edwards also all my 
meadow on the south side of said Branch from the lower end of the Timber 

I7S 



(Genealogical HecorDjj of Cljomajs Bartoto 

swamp down to the mouth of said Branch also all my tract of Indian purchase 
Land to the Northward of this Tract also two eigliths of a inoyety of a sixteenth 
part of a twenty fourth part of a propriety of East New Jersey granted to Jolm 
Read Senr. by Gawen Drummonds by John Read to me my other Gold Watch & a 
new English Bible in Quarto. 

" Item. I give unto my son Anthon\- IJartuw his heirs & assigns forever 
all mv tract of land on Monlapan River beginning at Mount lirook & runs 
thence to South East fifty two chains thence North North West half a point 
westerly to the land late of Robert Barclay thence Southwest to the said River 
where said Mount Brook falls into said River thence up the Stream of said 
Brook to where it began Also that tract of my Indian purchase Land joyning 
on the South to my son Thomas's Land herein before given him Also two eighths 
of a Moyety of a Sixteentii part of a twenty fourth part of a propriety of East 
New Jersey granted by Gawen Drummond to John Read .Senr. & by him to me 
a new English Bible in Quarto. 

" Item. I give unto my son Basil Bartow his heirs & assigns forever all 
my tract of Land in the Comity of Middlesex in East New Jersey on the South 
River being four hundred & fifty acres of Salt Meadow in the round aboni 
meadow Also two Eighths of a Moyet)- of a Sixteenth part of a twenty fourth 
part of the propriety in East New Jersey Granted by Gawen Drummond to John 
Reid Sen. and by him to me also my tract of Indian purchase Land called Price 
hill and a new English Bible in Quarto. 

" Item. I give all my lands Buildings and Meadows & the twenty five 
pounds priviledge hereby granted to my wife during her natural Life from and 
after her decease to m\' six sons Thonias, Theophilus, Theodosius. John, Anthony 
and Basil to be divided equally between them for the use of them & their several 
heirs and assigns forever. 

" Item. I give all my other English Books equally between my wife and 
my six sons aforesaid Each of them to have an equal part. 

" Item. I hereby will and order that if one or more of my sons should 
depart this life & leave no law-ful begotten Issue that the Lands Meadows and 
all other the premises hereby given unto such son or sons shall be equally divided 
between my other sons and the Issue of such of them as may be deceased that is 
to say, I will that the Lawful issue of any of my sons which may be dec'd. shall 
inherit in the Stead of their dec'd. Father one equal part among them (if more 
than one) with my surviving son or sons of such Estate or Estates as I have 
hereby given unto such son or sons as may and shall dye under age & without 
lawful begotten Issue as aforesaid. 

" Item. I hereby order that whereas one James Miller lays claim to some 
part of my Lands and Meadows in East New Jersey and that the said Miller 
has proposed to convey unto me all his rights and title whatsoever of in or to all 
and any part of my said Lands & Meadows on Consideration of my paying tmto 
him one hundred pounds Proclamation money if the agreement be not com- 
pleated before my decease mv Extors shall upon the said James Miller or his 



(Bienealogfcal BecorDji of Ci^omajsi Battoto 



heirs or any others by him lawfully authorized Executing sufficient deeds in 
Law for all the rights title & demand of him the said James Miller his heirs or 
assigns of in or to all & any of my Lands Meadows & rights in the Province 
of East New Jersey by which Deeds the same shall be contirnied pursuant and 
agreeable to this my Last Will and Testament and for & to the use & uses of 
such of my children to whom I have given the same pay unto the said James 
Miller his heirs Extors Admrs. or assigns One hundred pounds proclamation 
money to be raised out of my personal estate. 

" Lastly. I hereby nominate and appoint my beloved wife & William 
Forster of Westchester aforesaid to be Extors. of this my Last Will & Testa- 
ment. 

" In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand & Seal the day and year 
abovesaid. 

(Signed) "John Bartow." 

Witnesses : Tho. Hadden, Will Thompson, and Daniel Turner. 
The will was probated April 21, 1727.* 

Children of John and Helena Bartow: 5^ 

3. Thomas Bartowr", born October 22, 1709; died December 3, 1782. 

4. Theophilus Bartow", born about 1710; married Bathsheba Pell. 

5. Theodosius Bartow'.t born February 26, 1712; died October 5, 1746; married 

Ann Stillwell. 

6. John Bartow", born December 24, 1715; died 1802; unmarried. 

7. Anthony Bartow', born 1716; died December, 1790; married Charity Stevenson. 

8. Basil Bartow", born 1720; died about 1780; married (i) Mary Quinby; (2) 

Clarinda Punderson. 
Four other children died young. 

3. Thomas Bartow^ (John-, Thomas'), born at Westchester, New York, 
October 22, 1709; died at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1782, and was 
buried in the Moravian graveyard there, although not a member of the church. 

Inheriting by his father's will a large tract of land in Monmouth County, 
New Jersey, which came from his grandfather Reid, Thomas Bartow made New 
Jersey his home, settling at Perth Amboy, where he practised law. 

" In 1735 he became clerk of the Supreme and Chancery Courts, and clerk 
of the Assembly in 1741. During Lord Sterling's absence in Europe he was 
surveyor-general of East Jersey, and in 1762, clerk of the surveyor-general's 
office." t 

As clerk of the Assembly, Thomas Bartow served until 1749, and perhaps 
longer. § 



* Surrogate's Office, New York City, vol. i. p. 180. 

t Theodosia, only child of Theodosius and ,A.nn Bartow, married, in 1779, Colonel Frederick < 
Prevost, who died in the West Indies. She married (2), July 2, 17S2, Colonel Aaron Burr. 
t Bartow Genealogy, p. 29. 
'i New Jersey Archives, vol. xv. pp. 449, 505 ; vol. xvi. p. 362. 

12 177 



dSenealosical auecovDji of Ci^omajs iBartoto 

In 1/55 l""*^ ^'^'^s '^"'^ '-'^ '■'^'^ aklernicii of Perth Amboy.* On March 28, 1749, 
he was appointed judge of Common Pleas of Middlesex County. f 

In 1775 Thomas Bartow left his home in Perth Amboy and went to live 
with his son in Philadelphia. 

A most interesting account of the home at Perth Amboy, and the quiet, 
peaceful life led by its inmates, is written by William Dunlap, one of the few 
outsiders admitted within the household. (See Dunlap's " Arts of Design," 
vol. i. pp. 245, 246; ii. p. 141.) 

WILL OF THOMAS B.\RTOW. 

" In the Name of God. Amen. I, Thomas Bartow, of the City of Perth 
Amboy, in New Jersey, being weak in body, but of sound mind and memory, 
resigning myself to the mercy of the Almighty, which I humbly implore in the 
name of our Lord Jesus Christ the Mediator, do make this my last will and 
testament. Imprimis, I order that my funeral charges and what debts 1 may 
owe at the time of my decease be paid. Item, I give my wearing apparel, linnen 
and woolen, to Theophilus Bartow, son of my brother Theophilus. Item, I give 
to Euphame White, daughter of my said brother, a sett of curtains, being the 
only white curtains I have. Item, I give to her sister, Margaret Pell, my two 
silver tablespoons, six teaspoons, and a tea tongs, with tea chests and canisters. 
Item, I give to my brother John my watch and cane, and to Anthony my silver 
buckles, and to Basil a gold ring of the value of a guinea. Item, I give to 
Bathsheba, the widow of my brother Theophilus, my riding chair and harness, 
in case she has not got one, and if she has, then to which of her children she shall 
think proper. Item, all my household goods, furniture, utensils and other things 
which I left at John Toans, in South Amboy, and a desk at Thomas Potter's, 
on the seashore, I give and bequeath to the daughters of my brother Theophilus, 
to be divided among them in such manner and proportions as their mother 
shall think fit, in case she be living, and if not, then equally. Item, I give and 
bequeath the sum of one hundred pounds in Spanish mill'd dollars, at eight 
shillings each, or money of equal value, to be paid into the hands of my niece, 
Theodosia Prevost, for the use of her children, but if she should die before me, 
then, to the use of her said children equally, to such responsible person as may 
have the care of them. Item, I give and bequeath to all the daughters of my 
brother Theophilus, and to his son Theophilus, the sum of fifty pounds money 
aforesaid to each of them, and if any of them shall be dead before me, then 
the legacy of the deceased shall be paid to the children of such deceased, if any, 
or to the next of kin, if no children according to law. Item, I give and bequeath 
what shall be due to me on the bond for one hundred pounds from Thomas 
Bartow, son of brother Anthony, to my said brother, to be disposed of as he 
shall sec fit, but if he should die before me, then I give fifty pounds thereof to 



* New Jersey Archives, vol. viii. part 2, p. 172. 
t Ibid., vol. xvi. p. 89. 

T7S 




THOMAS BARTOW 



(Genealogical IJccorDjS of Cljomasf l3arto\t) 

his daughter, Hannah Tucker, and the remainder thereof to the said Thomas 
Bartow. Item, I give to my friend, WilHam Burnet, a gold ring for remem- 
brance, of the vaUie of a guinea. Item, all the rest and residue of my estate, 
both real and personal, I give and bequeath to my son, Thomas Bartow, of the 
city of Philadelphia, merchant, to be and remain to him, his heirs and assigns 
forever, and I do appoint him sole executor of this my last will and testament. 
" In witness whereof I have wrote this with my own hand and sign, seal 
and publish the same in due form of law as my last will and testament this 
twelfth day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and 
seventy nine. 

(Signed) "Thomas Bartow." [seal] 

Witnesses : Henry Van Vleck, Christn Lewis Benzien, and Henry Van 
Vleck, Jr. 

" SUPPLEMENT TO MY WILL. 

" I give and bequeath to William Dunlap, son of Samuel Dunlap, of Perth 
Amboy, in case he should remain in this Country and should have occasion 
of it, of which my son is to judge, the sum of fifty pounds, computed in Spanish 
dollars at eight shillings each, towards placing of him to a merchant or such 
other calling as his parents or guardians may think fit. Item, if Robert Fitz- 
harding, who served his time with me, should come to this Country, I desire 
my executor to pay him the sum of thirty pounds, in such proportions as he 
may think fit, in current money, at eight shillings a dollar." 

Child of Thomas Bartow : 

9. Thomas Bartow', born 1736; died January 26, 1793; married Sarah Benczet. 

9. Thomas Bartow' (Thomas', John-, 'Thomas* ). born at Perth Amboy, 
1736; died January 26, 1793; buried in the Moravian graveyard, Philadelphia; 
married, June 30, 1768, Sarah Benezet, born February 23, 1747; died July 14, 
1818; daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (North) Benezet. 

Thomas Bartow settled in Philadelphia, where he became a prosperous 
merchant, living in a large three-story brick dwelling, which was considered 
" one of the wonders of the town" at the time of its erection. 

Thomas Bartow was one of the Standing Committee, secretary and general 
accountant of the Moravian Church, in which he was an active member. 

A portrait of Thomas Bartow, painted in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 
August, 1760, by Val Heidt, and one of Mrs. Thomas Bartow, painted by 
Charles W. Peale, are owned by the estate of J. W. Latimer, of York. 

WILL OF THOMAS BARTOW. 

" In the Name of God Amen I Thomas Bartow of the City of Philadelphia 
Merchant being in good bodily health and of sound and disposing mind memory 

179 



(Dienealogical HecorDjs of djomajs Bartoto 

and understanding praised be the Lord for tlie same Do hereby make my last 
Will and testament in maimer following that is to say, First I will that all my 
just debts and funeral expenses shall be duly paid and satisfied For which and 
other purposes hereinafter declared I do hereby Nominate and appoint my dear 
wife Sarah Bartow, her Father Daniel Benezet Esqr and my trusty friend God- 
frey Haga of tlie said City Merchant Executors of this my testament. Item 
I give unto my said Wife All my household goods, furniture beds & bedding 
(except the Beds Bedding and Bedsteads in the use of my children which I will 
have considered as their peculiar property) my house and table linnen plate, 
china, glass pewter copper, Iron &c And all the stock of provisions and materials 
which shall be on hand at the time of my decease being purchased or got for 
the use of the family. Item I give to my son Daniel my wearing apparel watch 
and buttons. Item I will and devise that all my stock in trade and other move- 
ables not hereinbefore disposed of and all my messuages Lands and Tenements in 
Pennsylvania and New Jersey shall from time to time be sold and disposed of 
by my said executors whenever they shall think it proper and most conducive to 
the advantage of my estate so that with respect of my lands it be done within 
the space of three years next after my decease. And I do hereby empower my 
said Executors Sarah Bartow, Daniel Benezet, and Godfrey Haga and the sur- 
vivors and survivor of them and the executors of such survivor from time to 
time to contract for the sale and to grant bargain and sell all and every or any 
of my said lands and tenements for such price or consideration as in their dis- 
cretion they shall think proper. And upon the actual receipt of the stipulated 
price or good and sufficient security for the payment thereof to grant convey 
and assure unto the purchaser thereof their heirs and assigns the lands tenements 
and premises so sold to them as aforesaid by such Deeds, Conveyances and 
Assurances in the Law as they or any of them the said purchasers or their counsel 
learned in the law shall reasonably advise or require. Item I will and devise that 
all and every the sum and sums of money which from time to time shall come to 
the hands of my said Executors or be received by them in collecting any out- 
standing debts by the sale of my goods, wares and Merchandizes, Lands and 
Tenements by the Rents and profits of my real estate and the interest and increase 
of my monies and other credits or by any other ways or means whatsoever shall 
after payment of my just debts be kept managed accounted for paid and dis- 
tributed by my said Executors to and among and for my said wife and ten Chil- 
dren Namely — Elizabeth, Mary, Thomas, Sarah, Susanna, Daniel, Ann, Helena, 
John Benezet, and Benjamin or such of them as shall survive me, in even and 
equal portions in such manner as is hereinafter directed, that is to say the one 
equal share of my said wife of all monies principal and interest actually received 
to be paid to her from time to time on Demand And the Equal share of all my 
children to be let at interest or laid out in the purchase of some good Bank 
Stock And that the yearly interest of the one equal share of my said son Thomas 
Bartow shall be paid to him yearly until he shall arrive at the age of Thirty five 
years. And the principal with all the increase thereof when he shall arrive at the 

i8o 




MRS. THOMAS BARTOW 
(SARAH BENEZET) 



(Genealogical EecorDjsi of Cl^omajf Battoto 

aforesaid age of thirty five years. And that the interest of the shares of my 
other children or so much thereof as shall be thought necessary shall be laid out 
for their maintenance and liberal education and the rest of the same interest be 
added to and consolidated with the principal of their respective shares and to be 
paid to them when they successively shall arrive at the age of twenty-one years. 
And when any of my said children shall die in his or her minority, without 
issue, I will and devise that the share or shares of him or her or them so dying 
shall accrue to and be divided between my surviving children in equal parts and 
to be paid to them at the same time when their primative shares are. At the 
first carving of my estate is to be paid to each of them respectively agreeably 
to the directions herein before given touching the same, that is to say to my 
said son Thomas when he shall arrive at the age of thirty-five years and to my 
other children when they successively shall arrive at the age of twenty-one years. 
Provided always and I do hereby will and devise that the specific Legacies here- 
inbefore given to my said wife and her part in all my real and personal estate 
equal to the part of any of my children is given to her in lieu and full satisfaction 
of her dower and all other claims and demands she may have or claim in and to 
all my real and personal estate whatsoever and wheresoever and not otherwise. 
Lastly I do hereby revoke all former wills and testaments by me heretofore 
made and published, declaring this to be my last will and testament only. In 
witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the twenty-ninth day of 
August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine. 

(Signed) "Thomas Bartow." [seal] 

Witnesses : Norton Pryor, Frederick Boiler, John Jordan. 

The will was probated, Philadelphia, February i, 1793.* 

Children of Thomas and Sarah Bartow : 

10. Elizabeth Bartow", born March 24, 1769; died without issue, April 3, 1799; 

married John Christian Reich, of Bethlehem. 

11. Mary Bartow", born June 16, 1770; died February 2, 1848; married George 

Peter, of Philadelphia. 

12. Thomas Bartow", born July 4, 1771; died September 15, 1801 ; unmarried. 

13. Sarah Bartow", born July i, 1773; died August 25, 1817; married William 

Geddes Latimer. 

14. Susanna Bartow", born January 10, 1775; died without issue, October 25, 

1843; married John David, of Philadelphia. 

15. Daniel Bartow", born July 16, 1777; died unmarried. 

16. Anna Bartow", born May 14, 1779; married Joseph Drinker, of Philadelphia. 

17. Helena Bartow", born June 22, 1783; married Dr. Thomas Frazer Sargent, of 

Philadelphia. 

18. John Benezet Bartow", born August 16, 1787; died unmarried. 
ig. Benjamin Bartow", born April 23, 1789; died unmarried. 



* Philadelphia Wills, Book W, p. 345- 
i8i 





^OHN REID,' was born February 13, 1655-56, at Nid- 
drew Castle, in tlie parisb of Kirliston, Scotland, and 
was baptized there, where his father was gardener, as 
had been his grandfather before him. 

John Reid came to America in charge of a party of 
settlers sent out by the Scotch Proprietories to East New 
Jersey in 1683. 

In a memorial written by himself he says, — 
" 1 was bound apprentice to a wine merchant in 
Edinburgh in Jan. 1 007, but my master dying before the expiration of my appren- 
ticeship, I returned, 9br, 1673. JNIy father being dead, and my mother married 
again, I went to the famous Hamilton Gardens for improvement. Here I was 
deluded to embrace Quakerism. From thence I went to Drummond in gbr, 
1675. Thence to Lawres, alias Fordin)', 27th 9br, 1676. There I wrote the 
Scotch Gardener, and was married 29th cjhr, 1678, to Margaret, daughter of 
Henry Miller, of Cashon, in the parish of Kirkintilloch, where she was born and 
baptized anno 1644/5. She had likewise embraced Quakerism. . . . We went 
to Leith for our voyage to America the 2nd Augt. 1683, came on board ship the 
loth, and next day at Aberdeen where we staid to the 28th lobr. Entered Sandy 
Hook and landed on Staten Island the 9th, went to Elizabeth town the 23rd, and 
to Woodbridge loth Jan. 1683/4. My daughter Margaret died the 15th, and 
was buried the next day at Aniboy. We removed to the House in the field at 
Amboy, 13th lobr, 1684." * 

Soon after his arrival John Reid was made Deputy Surveyor of East Jersey 
under George Keith, by appointment of October 13, 1685,! and also, by com- 
mission of December 13. 1692, held the same position under Surveyor-General 
John Barclay- X 

In 1699 he was acting as surveyor-general, § and was appointed to that office 
in 1703, II after the surrender of the government to the Crown. 

For a map of " Lands on Raritan, Millstone, Rahway, and South Rivers and 



* Bartow Genealogy, p. 1S2 ; New Jersey Archives, vol. i. p. 510. 
t Whitehead's East Jersey, p. 163. 
t New Jersey Archives, vol. ii. p. 81. 
^ Ibid., vol. x.xi. p. 303. 
II Ibid., vol. i. p. 510. 

182 



(Genealogical KecorDjs of 9]o^n BeiD 

other Localities," draughted by himself, he was granted, in 1686, a tract of land 
on Hope River, in Monmouth County, called " Hortensia." The memorandum 
above referred to records that he removed thither the same year. 

Up to this time Mr. Reid had acted as clerk of the Amboy Friends' Meeting, 
but, becoming a follower of George Keith, he joined the Episcopal Church. He 
says, '■ I first received the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ in 
the Church of England, 28th March, 1703." 

In 1693, 1694, 1695, 1698, 1699, 1703, 1710, 1711, Mr. Reid was a member of 
the Assembly.* 

In 171 1, 1715, 1719. and probably in the intervening years, he was presiding 
justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions. f 

At one time he " was required to take upon him ye office of king's Attorney" 
which he refused to do. " Therefore ye Courtt committed ye said Reid to close 
Gaole, until he shall pay ye fine of fourty shillings," and Richard Saltar was 
appointed to the office. I 

Letters of administration on the estate of John Reid, of Hortensia, were 
granted, February 27, 1723/4, to his son John. The inventory shows a library 
of one hundred and nine books, including books on law, theology, astronomy, and 
belles-lettres, valued at £23 55-.§ 

John Reid was buried in the old Topanemus graveyard. || His tombstone 
reads : " Here lies the body of John Reid who came from Scotland, his native 
country with his wife Margaret and three daughters to New Jersey, the 19th 
of Dec. 1683. He died i6th of Nov. 1723, aged 67 years." 

Margaret, wife of John Reid, died May 18, 1728, aged eighty-four years. f 

Children of John and Margaret Reid : 

2. Anna Reid', born at Lawres, England, January 24, 1679; died July 6, 1723; 

married, December 7, 1701, Captain John Anderson, who filled many im- 
portant positions, and at the time of his death, in 1736, was president of 
the Council and acting governor of the Province of New Jersey, in conse- 
quence of the death of Governor Cosby. 

3. Helena Reid", born at Shank, England, October 2, 1681; married, November 17, 

1705, Rev. John Bartow. 

4. Margaret Reid", born at Shank, England, May 11, 1683; died January 15, 

1684. 

5. John Raid", born at Amboy, New Jersey, July 27, 1686; died, 1802, at West- 

chester, New York; married, December 17, 1721, Mary Sands, at Hemp- 
stead, Long Island. 



* New Jersey Archives, vol. xiii. pp. 194, 205, 2ig, 251, 426, 457 ; Journal of House of Representa- 
tives of New Jersey, p. 3. 

t Old Times in Old Monmouth, p. 269 ; New Jersey Archives, vol. xiv. p. 118. 

t Old Times in Old Monmouth, p. 258. 

i New Jersey Wills, Book A, p. 281. 

II Topanemus graveyard is about a mile west of the village of Marlborough. 

H Old Times in Old Monmouth, p. 238. 

183 



dSenealogical EecorDjs of 9]o^n BeiD 

" A true and perfect Inventory of all Singular and every the goods Chattels 

Rights and Credits of John Reid Esq : late of Freehold in the County of Mon- 
moth Deceaced, as foUoweth viz : 

I s. d. 

To a mortgage from Willm : Hay for his plantation 40 o o 

To six cows 15 o o 

To 2 steers 4 o o 

To four calves 2 8 O 

To ninteen sheep with some lambs 5 14 o 

To four pigs o 12 o 

To four horses at 6 £ each 24 o o 

To one Iron tooth harrow i 5 o 

To two plows and taklin 2 10 o 

To a wagon and taklin 7 o o 

To an old negro man 15 o o 

To wheat on the ground with some barley and Rye in all about 

twenty Acres at fifteen shillings pr. Acre is 15 o o 

To 23 bushels of clean wheat at three shillings & Six pence pr 

bushel is 4 o 6 

To fourty bushels of oats at 20c/ is 3 6 8 

To thirty pieces of bacon fletches and legs weighs in all 315 

pound at 4^ pr. pound is 5 5 o 

To four grubing hows & 2 weedin hows o 16 o 

To 2 spades o 10 o 

To an old iron trammel o 6 o 

To four axes o 10 o 

To a hammer and old drawing knife O 3 o 

To 4 old pails a tub and 2 wood dishes o 15 o 

To a stub sythe & pitchfork o 6 o 

To a rattrap and trammel o 6 o 

To an old grindstone & crank o 10 o 

To a dungfork o 3 o 

To 3 old tubs o 12 o 

To an old half bushel o 2 o 

To a churn o 6 o 

To a padlock o i 6 

To the wearing apparrel & watch 12 o o 

To an old feather bed and bolster & 2 pillows and one old Rug 

and coverlit old hangings and five old blankets 4 o o 

To 2 coverlits 2 10 o 

To a bed bedsted hangings bolster quilt and 3 old blankets .... 6 o o 
To two old diaper table cloaths and six napkins and four cotten 

napkins & 4 coarse towels i 10 o 

To 4 cotten sheets & 2 tow sheets 3 5 o 

184 



Genealogical Eecot^Djs of 91o^n Ee(D 

To small puter dish & 21 plates a small bason & pottenger i 

To 32 3^2 pound old puter at I2(/ pr i 

To a gallon pot & saltseller o 

To a brass morter and pestil o 

To a parcel old earthenware and a small bell o 

To 5 pails iron hoop'd and two pigings and old bouls o 

To 2 pair of small dogs and two pair of small firetongs i 

To a pan driping pan and spit o 

To a small pot a small kittle and two old brass chafing dishes o 

To a smoothing iron and heters & iron and warming pan .... o 

To a pair stilyards o 

To 4 iron hoops for a cart wheels o 

To a parcel old broken iron o 

To 3 razors 3 pair dividers a small seale and part of a chain . . o 

To a gunters and brass limb o 

To a linnen wheel o 

To a spitset o 

To 2 hat shels o 

To 4 old augers 2 small saws an adds prooning shears and 

drawing-knife i 

To 2 iron chains & a piece i 

To a pot & small kittle both split o 

To a parcel old barrels 2 rundlits an anker tubs and trays .... i 

To a tub wth : iron hoops o 

To a looking glass o 

To 6 old candlesticks and glass bottel & old knives & forks .... o 

To one great chair & 18 small ones i 

To a load stone set in steel i 

To an old cupboard & table i 

To two old chists and trunk o 

To two swords and a belt i 

To part of a plain table and part of an instrument to take hights o 

To 4 maps i 

To an old saddle and 3 old blankets o 

To an old large brass kittle i 

To a debt from Neil Curry 7 

To a bill from Dirick Tunison for 30J. payable ye ist of Mar. 

1687 I 10 

To a bill from Tho: Warne for 26s. ^yzd. payable 20th No- 

vembr : 1695 i 

Books To an old large bible i 

Goldmans Dictionary i 

The 3 parts of cokes institutes 3 

185 



.s. 


d. 


16 





12 


6 


6 





10 





6 





15 











12 





8 





10 





12 





ID 





10 





10 





8 





ID 





5 





10 











5 





6 





5 





4 





4 





5 





8 

















10 











3 





10 





10 





10 





12 


i\ 



6 


5/2 





















(Efcncalogical HccorDjs of 9jO]^n ISciD 

i 

The life & death of ye holy Jesus i 

Helens Cosmography i 

The statutes at large by Pulton i 

Pools anotations on ye bible 2 vo: 3 

Neiimans concordance i 

Bacon's advancement of learning o 

Pensilvania & new York laws o 

The history of Oxfordshire o 

Perkins works o 

The marrow of ye law by Shepherd o 

Barcley's Apology o 

Declarations & pleadings bronnlows o 

A discourse of Schism o 

Lex Rex o 

A Switch for the Snake o 

Quakerism Canvas'd o 

A help to calculation o 

Culpepers london Dispensitory o 

Cowels Law terms o 

A sure guid to Surveyors by Holwel o 

The young clercks guid o 

Euclids Eliments o 

The poor mans help o 

The art of Dialing Leyborn's o 

A common prayer book o 

Truth advanc'd by Keith o 

A Key to ye catechism by Smyth o 

Law terms o 

A small dictionary o 

The faithfull surveyor o 

Judgment fixed by Whiteheatl o 

Infant Baptism by Harison o 

The present state of England O 

Principles of truth o 

Dejuri Maritime o 

Grounds of Christian faith o 

Princes apology by Sudery o 

The countrey Justice Dalton o 

Catechetical discourse by Bray o 

An old common prayer book o 

The compleat Justice o 

Address to protestants by Pen o 

A directory to publick worship o 

186 



f. 


d. 
































5 





3 





3 





3 





4 





2 





3 





I 





2 





I 


6 





9 





6 


I 





3 





2 





3 





2 








6 





9 


2 


6 


I 





I 


6 


3 


6 


2 





I 





I 


9 





6 


2 








3 


3 





2 


6 


I 





3 





4 








9 


I 


6 


I 








3 



(Genealogical BecorDjsf of 31oT^n MtiH 

£ 

Scotlands sovereinty asserted o 

The Scots Gardner o 

The Marrow of measuring o 

Wilkins mathematical Majeck o 

The mariners compas Recti fyed o 

The model of East new Jersey o 

Mysteries of state & government o 

An Artificial vestibulum o 

The use of ye globes by Moxon o 

The whole duty of Man o 

The standard of ye Quakers examin'd o 

Physical experiments by Collins o 

Jacobs ladder improv'd o 

Necessity of publick prayer by Beveridge o 

Tunage and pondage o 

Abridgement of 1 1 books of reports Irelands o 

Mathematical Dictionary Moxon's o 

Dialoague between Doctor and Student o 

The doctrine of the bible o 

Arithmetick by Patterson o 

Dr. Lowers recepts o 

Christs passion with anotations o 

The practick part of the law o 

Leeds's trumpet o 

The order of ages by clerck o 

The guide of a christian o 

A guide for constables o 

A mathematical compendium — Moors o 

A dialoague between a papist & pt : o 

Institutions of the laws of Scotland o 

The christian Sacrament o 

The English Academy by Newton o 

Twenty select coloques by Erasmus o 

The compleat lawyer o 

Maxims of law by Noy o 

Liturgy vindicated o 

Duty of divine meditation o 

Part of an old bible & prayer book o 

Mrs. Bhens Novels o 

Truths defence o 

Antidote prov'd poison G. Keiths o 

The way to the City of God o 

The way cast up o 

187 



J. 


d. 


2 








6 


I 





I 





2 








9 


3 








3 


2 





3 





I 





I 





I 





I 





I 








9 


I 





I 





2 





I 








9 


I 


6 


I 


6 





3 





9 





9 





9 


I 








9 


I 








9 


I 





2 


8 





6 


I 








9 


I 





2 





2 





I 








9 


I 








9 



d^encalogical KecorDjs of 31o^i^ ^^^^ 

£ 

Keith's warning from the Lord O 

To a parcel of pamphlets and loose papers & 2 quire of clean 

paper o 

Life of Sr : Matthew Hale o 

Wars of Engd Scotd. & Ireland o 

Songs and Sonnets o 

A view of guina o 

Easops fables o 

Coles English Dictionary O 

Two common prayer books O 

A psalm book o 

Englands monarchs o 

Extraordinary adventures O 

Cofifyhouse Jests o 

Scots proverbs o 

Two hundred queries o 

A parcel of panphlets o 

Cokes detections of court & state o 

Vanhelmans Micracosm & Mecracosm o 

Astronomy Carolina sheets o 

A pair of old small scales O 

An old split compas o 

Abridgement of ye statutes of W & M O 

Geometrical sailing O 

" Taken and apprized by us this sixten day of March 172^ 

" In the presence of 



Creditors | 



Mathies Verbrasel 
WiLLM : Lawrence Junk 



VVm Lawrence 
John Johnston Jun 
Gerret Schenck 
Benjamin Holsaert 



s. 


d. 





9 


12 





I 


6 


I 


6 





9 


I 








9 


3 





5 





I 


6 





9 





9 





6 





6 





9 


I 


6 


3 





I 


6 





9 


2 





8 





4 





I 






" The Accompt of John Reid Administrator of all and singular the Goods 
and Chattels Rights and Credits of His Father John Reid late of Hortencie in 
the County of Monmouth & Province of New Jersey Deceased, as well of and 
for such and so much of the sd Goods and Chattels as are come to his hands, 
as of and for his Payments and Disbursements out of the same, viz 

" The sd Accomptant Chargeth himself with all 
and singular the Goods and Chattels of the sd 
Deceased specified in an Inventory Thereof 
made & Exhibited into the Registry of the 
Prerogative Court of sd Province in the Sec- 
retary's Office at Perth Amboy amounting as 

by the sd Inventory appeareth to the sum of £235 7 3 

188 



CEienealogfcal KecorDjs of 9]o]^n Keit) 

" And Prays to be allowed as followeth. Im- 
primis for several charges for the sd De- 
ceased Viz. Expences at his Funeral, On 
Taking Out Letters of Administration, 
Taking the Inventory above Mentioned 
amounting one way or other as this accomp- 
tant hath them in Particulars to the sum of . . £15 i 6 

" Item the sd accomptant Desireth Allowance of 
Certain Debts Due by the Deceased at his 
Death which this accomptant hath since Paid 
and Discharged, viz. 

To Jannet Gordon Widow & Executrix of 

Thomas Gordon Esqr. Deceased.... 12 o o 

To Thomas Kearney 8 6 io|4 

To John Hamilton Esqr. per Bond i3"io"- 
Three years Interest 3" 4"g 

16 14 9 

To James Graham i 12 o 

To David Lyell Esq 7 5 io>^ 

61 I >4 

Remains £i74 6 2}^ 

" Janry 20th 1724 

John Reid" 




^i^ 'J^^^ ^^ ^i^^^s '^i^^R 5^'^ '^^^M, ^J^' 5^^^ i^i 

^11^ '^^^ ^M&i ^lii^ !^Hi^ ^11^ ^^^ ^11^ ^l^*^ ""^^^^ 



(gfiualogital B.ccort!0 of 
BanicI 3Sfur?ft 




?)HE Benezet family was originally from Languedoc, 
Tyi France, where it was well known in very early times. 

Four of the name held high magisterial powers in 
/fi^ the city of Toulouse in 1497, 1524, 1528, and 1536.* 
Y^^ The Benezet family of France is divided into three 

%ji5 distinct branches: 
M^ I- The parent stock, which originated in the city 

'^'!tIffC^f'"->\./^-''^r^- ^^ Toulouse and which appears to have become extinct 
^ ^VAsc/^jJP'.i^ about 1750. 

2. The branch of Carcassonne and Saissac, which was also extinct before 
the Revolution of 1789. 

3. The branch represented by the Count dc Foix towards the beginning of 
the eighteenth century, which has continued to modern times. 

The old chronicles tell of Saint Benezet, who in the year 1177, when only 
twelve years of age, was inspired to undertake the construction of the celebrated 
bridge of Avignon, which was finished in 1188. This young architect then built 
a " hopital," or retreat, where he instituted a religious body called " Les Freres 
du Pont," with whom he withdrew from the world. He died in 1 184, four years 
before the bridge of Avignon was completed. f 

The Benezet name occurs frequently in the Huguenot and French Protestant 
records. 

In 1686 an Anthony Benezet was a religious refugee from Nimes. X 

One reads of Estienne Benezet, one of the newly converted, from Vizenobre, 
aged about thirty-six years, a carder by trade, who was arrested, with others, in 
1691, in trying to escape from the country and from religious persecution. § 
Numerous others might be quoted. 

The later records give a detailed account of the examination of Francjois 



* The office of these magistrates (capitoulat) was conferred by election from the most capable and 
most honorable of the citizens. Eight were elected each year, four from the nobles and four from the 
highest of the commoners. The kings of France, in evidence of their esteem and satisfaction, con- 
ferred upon these honorable magistrates, whose wise and able administration contributed so power- 
fully to the credit and political importance of the capital of Languedoc, the privileges of the aristocracy. 
(Note to Benazet article in " Le Nobiliarc Universelle.") 

t See Benazet, " Le Nobiliare Universelle," vol. ix. 

t Soc. de I'Histoire du Protestantisme Fran9aise Bulletin, vol. xii. p. 535. 

? Ibid., vol. xxviii. p. 264. 

190 




i0kr^ 






r^r-;. .'.''0 ctw .•'cirlUvvii's 1J3C. 



* 



^18- :.icc|; la^iicll? s«f ccii!inuc'« jiis<]u'a"na«''*ur5. 



\ 



(Genealogical ISecorD^ of ?^aniel I5ene?et 

Benezet, a divinity student, originally from Alontpellicr, about twenty-six years 
of age, who was arrested January 30, 1752, at Vigan. When questioned, he 
stated that for about four years he had performed the functions of a preacher. 
His parents had been for a long time of the Reformed religion, and he iiad never 
professed any other. For two years he had studied at Geneva, but failed to pass 
his examination. However, he travelled from place to place, offering prayer, 
ministering to the sick, and busied with such affairs as were allowed him. In 
spite of his youth and the fact that he had a wife and little child depending upon 
him, he was condemned to death on March 24, 1752. Three days afterwards, 
through fear of an insurrection, he was led to the gallows by a body of twelve 
hundred armed men, and died a martyr, being hanged on March 27, on the 
esplanade at Montpellier.* 

For four centuries the Benezet family made frequent alliances with the 
noble and most distinguished families of Languedoc. 

Under the name of Benazet are found the arms borne by the Count de Foix. 
Arms : D'azur, du chevron d'or, accompagne en chief de deux etoiles du meme, 
et en pointe, d'une foi d'argent. Couronne : de Comte. 

The old silver owned by members of the Benezet family in America is 
engraved with a coat of arms which is utterly different from the above, an 
illustration of which is given. 

In chief are three crosses ; in the base a tree. The silver is too well worn 
to judge of the proper coloring from the manner of the engraving, and no 
description to correspond has been found. 

[Louis] Jean Benezet, f of Abbeville, France, son of Stephen Benezet", 

of Cauvisson or Carcassonne, J in Languedoc, and grandson of Claude Bene- 
zet% on the i6th of August, 1682, the day of his marriage, began a family 
record or memorial, which has been handed down from generation to generation. 



* See Bulletin Historique et Litteraire, third series, third year (1884), p. 543. 

t Under the Benazet name " Le Nobiliare Universale," vol. ix., gives the following list of those 
of this family who have held distinguished positions at different periods : 

"Si Ton resume les personnages marg:uants de cette famille dans ses diverse branches, on voit 
qu'elle a produit : 

" Quatre capitouls de la ville de Toulouse dans des ann^es de 1497, 1524, 1528, et 1536; plusiers 
hommes d'armes des ordonnances du roi en 1555 et 1576 ; un consul de la ville d'Auterive en 1585 ; un 
juge mage de Carcassonne, en 1555 un controleur general des tallies du diocese d'Alby en 1668; un 
controleur general des finances du bureau de Toulouse en 1657 ; un exempt, premier archer her^di- 
taire du prevot des niarechaux de France, en 1650; un president tr^soirer general des finances en 
Languedoc, commissiaire du roi pour les affaires de la province, envoye .aux 6tats du Languedoc en 
1732 et 1766 ; un chevalier de Malte, officiers au regiment de la vieille marine, en 1765 ; un capitaine de 
cavalerie, chevalier de Saint Louis, puis inspecter des postes en 1789, et presente, pour etre syndic 
g6n6ral de la s^n4chauss4e de Carcassonne, en la meme annee ; un controleur des depenses de la 
jurisdiction de Consuls de Toulouse en 1716; un conseiller avocat du roi siege presidial de Carcas- 
sonne en 1712 ; un greffier, garde de archives du Parlement, en 1766 : un avocat du roi a Carcassonne 
en 1783 ; un consul de la ville de Saissac en 1747 ; un depute a I'Assemblee nationale pour la sen^s- 
chaussee de Carcassonne en 1789 ; et enfin, deux chevaliers de Legion d' honneur en 1839 et 1848." 

X The copies of the Benezet Memorial give this Cauvisson, but no such name appears in the 
Gazetteers. It has been shown that one branch of the family was from Carcassonne, in Languedoc. 

191 



(Bcnealogfcal KccorDiei of J^aniel Bene?ct 

Tliis memorial,* as it is generally called, with its continuation by his son John 
Stephen Benezet, has been frequently copied, and all, or parts of it, are to be 
found in different branches of the family. The old manuscript was much the 
worse for time and wear when the copy which is given in the appendix to this 
volume was made some forty years since. In many places it could not be de- 
ciphered, and further difficulty was made by the old French spelling. 
The record shows Jean Benezet to have had at least two brothers : 

4. Antoine Benezet', who was present at the baptism of his nephew John Stephen, 

in 1683, at Abbeville, France. 

5. Jean Baptiste Benezet', merchant of Dunkirk, godfather, by proxy, at the 

baptism of his niece Marianne, in 1712, at St. Quentin, France. 

The memorial states that on the i6th of August 1682 [Louis] Jean Benezet 
married Marie Madelaine Testart, daughter of M. Pierre Testart and his wife 
Rachel Crommelin, deceased, of the city of St. Quentin. 

To each record is added a pious invocation ; in this case, — " May God by 
his grace give us joy." 

[Louis] Jean Benezet died August 15, 1710, at Abbeville, France, of apo- 
plexy, " to the great affliction of his children and universally regretted by his 
relatives and friends. He was a model to his family of virtue, probity, and the 
fear of God." 

Marie Madelaine, wife of Jean Benezet, died September 7, 1692, shortly 
after the birth of her son Pierre Testart. Her husband writes in the record, she 
died " to the great regret of her family and the great affliction of myself." Her 
" illness was of only fifteen days. She has always been resigned to the will of 
God and gave testimony to her faith in Jesus Christ at the moment of her 
death." 

Children of Jean and Marie Madelaine Benezet: 

6. Jean Estienne Benezet', born June 22, 1683; married Judith de la Mejanelle. 

7. Pierre Benezet', born June 24, 1684; died August 2, 1686. 

8. Jaques Benezet', born October 5, 1685; married Francjoise Elizabeth Fon- 

nereau. 

9. Jean Jacques Benezet', born December 21, 1686. 

10. Cyrus Benezet', born January 5, 1688. 

11. Madelaine Marguerite Benezet', born March 5, 1689; married de Brissac. 

12. Milizior Benezet', born November 2, 1690; died November 2, 1702. 

13. Pierre Testart Benezet', born August 23, 1692; married Susanne . 

6. Jean Estienne or John Stephen Benezet^ (Jean', Estienne-, Claude'), 
born June 22, 1683; baptized the 25th of the same month by the minister, 
M. Maillard, by permission of the magistrate in his father's house at Abbeville, 
France; presented at baptism by his uncle Antoine Benezet, in place of the 



* The writer of the memorial calls himself Jean Benezet, and his son gives him the same name, but 
he is known among his descendants as Louis Jean Benezet. A portrait of Louis Jean Benezet, dated 
1685, is owned by the estate of James W. Latimer, York, Pennsylvania. 

192 




LOUIS JEAN BENEZET 



(Genealogical Mtcotnn of jDaniel iBenejet 

grandfather, Estienne Benezet, and by Demoiselle Catherine Bannirssage, in 
place of Madame Testart, step-mother of the child's mother. With this record 
of their first-born is the prayer, " May God bless him and give us joy in him." 

He died in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April i, 1751. 

The family record * begun by Jean Benezet was continued by his son John 
Stephen, who notes, first, his father's death and then his own marriage. 

" On Tuesday, 29 October, 1709, I Jean Estienne Benezet married in the 
parish of St. Eustache in Paris, by Rev. James Saurin, Judith Dela Mejanelle, 
daughter of Mr. Leon Dela Mejanelle, linen-merchant at St. Quentin, and of 

madame Judith Lienrard, his wife, living at present in Street, Paris. May 

God by his goodness extend his blessing over our marriage, and give us grace 
to pass in peace and union the days which it may please his divine providence 
to accord to us on this earth." 

In the sketch of Anthony Benezet in the " Bulletin Historique et Litteraire," 
June 15, 1875, printed in Paris, the statement is made that " the revocation of the 
edict of Nantes did not at first afifect Jean Estienne de Benezet ; he was probably 
protected by the superintendant of finances in recollection of services which his 
father f had rendered in his administration, and it was only in 171 5 that his 
goods were confiscated and he found himself obliged to flee a country in which 
he could not live without giving up his religion and lying to his conscience." 

The sketch by Roberts Vaux (" Memoirs of the Life of Anthony Benezet") 
gives the same impression, — viz., that the flight of the family was after the con- 
fiscation of their property. 

In the family record there is but this short note in reference to the matter: 

" God has put it into our hearts to leave France and retire to a Protestant 
country where we may freely profess our holy religion, and we set out from 
St. Quentin with our two children, the 3d of February, 1715, and are happily 
arrived at Rotterdam the 15th of the same month." 

A memorial of Elizabeth Horsfield, written by her grandchildren after her 
death, doubtless from the account of the flight which they had heard from her 
lips, puts the matter rather dififerently. " John Stephen Benezet, seeing the im- 
minent danger to which his family were exposed if they remained in France, 
determined to leave his native country and seek refuge in Holland, although he 
knew that his removal would be the cause of the confiscation of his property, 
and of course only eflfected at the risk of his life." 

Both Mr. Vaux and the account in the " Bulletin Historique" give the 
following story of the escape which is here quoted from the Horsfield Memorial : 

" To accomplish this purpose, he [John Stephen Benezet] secured the ser- 
vices of a young man, upon whose attachment he could rely to accompany him 
beyond one of the military outposts which then skirted the frontier of France. 



** See Appendix for copy of the old French memorial. 

t In this same article Jean Benezet is said to have been " receveur des traites" at Abbeville until 
1687, and at St. Quentin from 1687 until 1710, and the name is given de Benezet. 

13 193 



CEicncalogical EccorDjs of l^anicl iBcncKt 

Nothing occurred to interrupt their progress until they approached the sentinel, 
when their adventurous friend, presenting himself before him, displayed in one 
hand an instrument of death, and tendering with the other a purse of money, 
said, ' take your choice, this is a worthy family flying from persecution, and they 
shall pass:' the guard accepted the gold, and their escape was safely accom- 
plished." 

In Rotterdam, a few days after their arrival, another child was born, whose 
short life was ended before the family again set out to find a new home. The 
record gives the entry, " The 22d August 1715 I set out from Rotterdam with 
my family to establish myself in England and the 26th of the same month we 
disembarked at Greenwich, where my family remained for one month while I try 
to find a house in London." 

In England John Stephen Benezet engaged in business with considerable 
success, and while there formed friendships with those of the Moravian belief, 
with whom he was afterwards closely connected. 

The Benezet memorial comes to an end with the death and burial of the 
youngest child of this pair. 

The next year, 1731, the family came to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

By indenture of November 14, 1740, Edmund Wooley, carpenter, John Coats, 
brickmaker, John Howell, mariner, and William Price, carpenter, all of Phila- 
delphia, conveyed a lot of ground one hunilred and fifty by one hundred and 
ninety-eight feet to certain trustees. The deed recites that " a Considerable 
Number of Persons of different Denominations in Religion have united their 
Endeavours to Erect a large Building upon the Land above described . . . in- 
tending that the same shall be applied to the use of a Charity School for the 
instruction of Poor Children Gratis in Useful Literature and the knowledge of 
the Christian Religion and also that the same be used as a House of Public 
Worship," and it is agreed that the use of the same Building be under the 
direction " of the trustees to whom it is conveyed." " Which Trustees from 
time to time appoint fit and able School Masters and School Mistresses 
for the service of the said School and Introduce such Protestant Ministers to 
Preach the Gospel in the said House as they shall judge to be of sound Prin- 
ciples," etc. 

The trustees were " Rev. Mr. George Whitefield in the Province of Georgia, 
clerk, William Seward, of London, Esqr., John Stephen Benezet of Philadelphia, 
merchant, Thomas Noble, of the City of New York, merchant, Samuel Hazard, 
of the City of New York, merchant, Robert Eastburn, of Philadelphia, blacksmith, 
James Read, of Philadelphia, Gentleman, Edward Evans, of Philadelphia, cord- 
wainer, and Charles Brockden, of Philadelphia, gentleman." * 

This building came to be known as " the New Building," and was transferred 
by its trustees in 1749 to the trustees of the Academy, who by the Pciiiisylc'ania 
Gazette of September 12, 1751, announce that on the i6th of the month a Free 



Philadelphia Deeds, Book I, 13, p. 104. 
194 




COAT OF ARMS ON OLD BENEZET SILVER 



©cnealogtcal ISccovDjS of JDanicl istntnt 

School will be opened under their care and direction " at the New Building for 
the instruction of poor children gratis in reading, writing, and arithmetic." The 
Academy afterwards became the College of Pennsylvania and eventually tlie 
University of Pennsylvania. (See Montgomery's " History of the University of 
Pennsylvania," page ii8.) 

One June i, 1741, two tracts of land of five hundred acres each were sold 
by James and William Bingham to John Stephen Benezet. The land was in 
Bucks County, one tract being described as being on " Minakasi" Creek, which 
falls into the West Branch of the Delaware River, bounded by land of William 
Allen and Jeremiah Langhorne. The other tract joined this. The sum paid was 

^550.* 

By another deed, bearing the same date, William and Margaret Allen con- 
veyed to the same, five hundred acres adjoining the above, for which was paid 
£500.t 

From 1735 to 1741 John Stephen Benezet resided in a large two story 
dwelling-house, standing back from the street on Second below Race Street, the 
garden of which extended back to Moravian Alley. 

John Stephen Benezet, by deed of March 25, 1738, purchased of John and 
Katharine Neglee, two hundred acres of land in Philadelphia County for £165. 
The land joined that of Paul Hendricks and John Lukin. X It was doubtless in 
or just outside the limits of Germantown, to which place the Benezet family 
removed in or shortly before the year 1747. They were without doubt drawn 
thither by their interest in the Moravian Brethren. 

Count Zinzendorf was the guest of John Stephen Benezet on his arrival in 
this country in 1741. Baron Walteville, Whitefield, and others stopped at his 
house. 

In July, 1742, a weekly post and express was established between Philadel- 
phia and Bethlehem, of which John Stephen Benezet managed the affairs at the 
Philadelphia end of the line. § 

When a Moravian Congregation was organized in Philadelphia, in 1743. 
John Stephen Benezet was made treasurer. He withdrew from the congregation 
in 1747. In September, 1746, a Moravian boarding-school was opened in Ger- 
mantown. It occupied John Bechtel's house, which was " next to Theobald Endt's 
and near John Stephen Benezet's house." Bechtel's house and lot were on the 
Main Street and not far from Market Square, and were offered by the owner for 
the use of the school. The school was discontinued in 1749. || 

Both John Stephen Benezet and his wife are buried in the Germantown lower 
burying-ground (Hood's), where their tombstones may be seen. Mrs. Benezet 
died September 4, 1767, aged seventy-two years. 



* Philadelphia Deeds, Book G, 9, p. 194. 

t Ibid., p. 330. 

t Ibid., Book G, 4, p. 454. 

? " Bethlehem Ferry," by J. W. Jordan, Penna. Magazine, vol. xxi. p. 104. 

II See sketch of John Bechtel, by John W. Jordan, Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. xix. pp. 13S, 139. 

195 



(Bcncalogtcal BccorDis of ©anicl 'htnt^n 

According to tradition, Judith de la ]\lejanelle was maid of honor at the 
court of Louis XVI. Her portrait* sliows her to have been of great beauty. 

WILL OF JOHN STEPHEN BENEZET. 

■' Be it remembered the loth day of November in the year of our Lord, 
one thousand seven hundred and fifty That I John Stephen Benezet, of Ger- 
mantown in the County of Philadelphia in the province of Pennsylvania Aler- 
chant being through the great goodness & mercy of God, in good bodily health 
and of sound and well disposing mind and memory Thanks be therefore humbly 
offered unto him for the same and all other his mercies & favors, and being 
mindful of my mortality have thought fit to settle my worldly affairs in the 
best manner I can, and therefore do make my last will and testament of and 
concerning my worldly estate (hereby revoking all other wills by me heretofore 



* There are a number of portraits of Judith Benezet in existence, the owners of which differ in 
their opinions as to which is the original. One of these, finely executed, is owned by Mrs. William G. 
Porter, of Philadelphia. It bears on the back the date 1711 and the name of the artist, Nicholas 
Largelliere. The latter was born in Paris, October 10, 1656, and died there March 20, 1740. He was 
portrait painter to King James II. and his queen. This portrait was renovated about 1848, when 
owned by Mrs. Porter's father. Mrs. Porter (daughter of John Stephen Benezet and Sarah Rodman, 
and great-granddaughter of James Benezet and Ann Hasell) has also a portrait of John Stephen 
Benezet, much less finely executed, which they have always believed to be a copy. 

Of the portrait of Judith Benezet, owned by Rev. Dr. \V. J. Holland, of the Carnegie Institute, 
Pittsburg, he writes as follows : 

" In reference to the portrait of Judith Benezet which is in my possession, I desire to say that I 
am confident it is the original picture painted in Paris in the latter part of the seventeenth century. It 
has come down in my branch of the family from my ancestor, Daniel Benezet. who, with his brother, 
Anthony Benezet. were the executors of the estate of Judith {/ii'e Majanelle) Benezet, the wife of Jean 
Estienne Benezet. The portrait has been mentioned consecutively in all wills in a long succession of 
years. There is not a particle of doubt in my mind that the portrait is the original, as evidenced by a 
multitude of circumstances which I need not detail. It has been copied again and again. Copies of it 
were made during the lifetime of Daniel Benezet, and during the lifetime of my great-grandmother 
and grandmother, and copies of it have been made since it has been in my possession. I know of four 
or five copies which have the names of the men who copied them written on the back. The original is 
an unsigned portrait. A very poor copy existed in St. Paul in another branch of the family, which had 
the name of a French artist written on the back, and because the name of this French artist was 
written on the back of it the friends owning the portrait declared it was the original. Unfortunately, 
however, he was an artist who had lived subsequently to the death of the original of the picture. . . . 
This picture has since been destroyed in a fire. . . . 

" I am under the impression that the original portrait of John Stephen Benezet is in the possession 
of Judge Latimer, of York. Pennsylvania. . . . 

" I am positive that the picture I have is the original. The canvas on the back of the picture a few 
years ago had become with age utterly destroyed. In fact, the fibres had disintegrated to such an 
extent that nothing was left but the paint. It became necessary then to have the portrait re-backed, 
which was skilfully done. The fact that there is a brand new canvas on the back of the portrait, if not 
explained, might lead some wiseacre not conversant with the facts to decide that, in spite of the 
antique appearance of the painting, it is comparatively modern. The portrait I have has come to me 
straight away from Daniel Benezet, with positive information that it was the original. . . . You may 
write it down as an established f.act, beyond controversy, that Daniel Benezet, who was the trusted 
son and adviser in all things of his .aged mother, and the executor of her estate, received this portrait 
from her hands. From him it passed to his favorite daughter, Elizabeth, who married Joseph 
Horsfield. . . . From Elizabeth Horsfield the portrait passed to her daughter, my grandmother, and 
then to my mother, the only child, and she during her lifetime gave it to me." 

As mentioned above, a copy of Dr. Holland's portrait of Judith Benezet is owned by the estate of 
J. W. Latimer, of York, Pennsylvania. 

196 



(Genealogical iSecorD^ of iDaniel Uenejet 

made) In manner following that is to say first it is my will and mind that all 
my just debts and funeral expenses be duly paid. And whereas my children, 
namely Anthony, James, Philip, Daniel, Judith, Mariana and Susanna are mar- 
ried all but the said Philip and all of them settled in the World I having done 
for each of them according to my ability to the best of my judgment. Now I 
do release unto each of my said children all debts and demands by any of them 
due unto me E.xcept such debts as each of my said sons owe me by bond or 
specialties and I do give unto each of them my said children one shilling a 
piece & no more if the same shall be demanded of my Executrix within twelve 
months next after my decease for and in lieu of their Expectancy out of my 
estate and as for & concerning the bonds and specialties aforesaid and all and 
singular other my bonds, specialties and Debts and all and singular the rest 
and residue of my monies, Plate Household furniture, Goods, Chattels and 
Effects whatsoever or wheresoever I do give and bequeath the same unto my 
dear and loving Wife Judith. Moreover I do give and devise unto her my said 
Wife Judith all and singular my lands tenements and hereditaments whatsoever 
or wheresoever together with their appurtenances. To Hold to her my said 
Wife Judith her heirs and assigns forever. Which Legacies and devises unto 
my said dear wife I do hereby make and give unto her as and for a compen- 
sation for the fortune she brought me upon our intermarriage and for and 
towards the performance and fulfilling, (it being all I can do in my present 
situation and circumstances for her), of any marriage settlements promise Con- 
tract or agreement to or with her my said wife or to or with any other person 
or persons in Trust for her or for her use, benefit or advantage. And I do nomi- 
nate and appoint my said dear wife Judith to be the sole Executrix of this my 
last will and testament. In witness whereof I, the said John Stephen Benezet, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal the day and year first above written 

(Signed) "J. Stephen Benezet" [seal] 

Witnesses: Christopher Sower, Sr., John Adam Gruber, and Christopher 
Sower, Jr. 

The will was probated May 20, 1751.* 

WILL OF JUDITH BENEZET. 

" Be it REMEMBERED that I Judith Benezet of the City of Philadelphia in 
the Province of Pennsylvania Widow being in good health and of sound mind 
& Memory blessed be God but sensible of my mortality do make this my last 
will and testament in manner following viz 

" First it is my will that all my just debts and funeral expenses shall be 
duly paid & satisfied & I order & direct my executors herein after named or the 
survivor of them or the executors or administrators of such survivor to grant 
Bargain sell convey and dispose of all my estate both real and personal as soon 



' Philadelphia Wills, Book I, p. 403. 
197 



(I5cncal08ical BccorDjsi of jDanfel 'Bcnejet 

as possible next after my decease and for that end & purpose to sign seal execute 
and deliver all such deeds, conveyances or assurances, necessary in the law and 
after paying of my debts and deducting fifty pounds which I give to my Execu- 
tors hereafter named in special trust for to be distributed in the fall of the year 
& Winter next after my decease to the poor Especially French and other 
Strangers. I give and bequeath the rest, residue and remainder or overplus 
of all the Monies arising by such sale or sales in Manner following to say. To 
each of my four sons, to wit: Anthony Benezet, James Benezet, Philip Bcnezet, 
& Daniel Benezet, I give one full and equal seventh part thereof, and the three 
other seventh parts or residue thereof I give and bequeath unto my two sons 
Anthony Benezet & Daniel Benezet, their Executors & administrators upon 
special trust & confidence nevertheless and to and for the uses intents and pur- 
poses herein after mentioned limited antl declared, and to and for no other use 
intent or purpose whatsoever that is to say. In trust to put and place out the 
same three seventh parts upon interest at the Risque of the Legatees and one 
third part of such interest to pay yearly into the hands of my daughter Judith 
Otto, one other third part of such interest to pay yearly into the hands of my 
daughter Mary Ann Lischey, and the other third part of such Interest to pay 
yearly into the hands of my daughter Susanna Pyrleus during the term of their 
several natural lives and not to pay the said interest into the hands of any other 
person. My said daughters respective receipts only not withstanding their 
present or any future covertures shall from time to time be good and sufficient 
discharges in the law for such interest money and upon this further trust and 
confidence that as my said three daughters shall respectively happen to depart 
this life. They my said trustees and the survivor of them and the Executors 
and administrators of such survivor shall stand possessed of the said three seventh 
parts to the uses following to wit : One seventh part thereof to the use of the 
Ciiild and Children of my said daughter Judith which shall be living at the time 
of her decease ; one other seventh part thereof to the use of the child or children 
of my said daughter Mary Ann which shall be living at the time of her decease, 
and the other seventh part thereof to the use of the Child & children of my said 
daughter Susanna which shall be living at the time of her decease. If such 
child or children of my said daughters respectively shall attain the ages following 
vizt : the boys twenty one and the girls eighteen, and in the meantime the prin- 
cipal to be kept at interest for their benefit, and the interest to go to their main- 
tenance, support and Education. And upon this further trust & confidence, that 
in case any or cither of my said daughters shall happen to die leaving no child 
or children, or if such child or children of cither of my said daughters shall all 
die under their respective ages aforesaid, then that they my said Trustees and 
the survivor of them and the executors and administrators of such survivor 
shall stand possessed of the part and share of such of my said daughters or their 
childrens dying so of, and in my said estate to and for the use and benefit of 
my said four sons and my surviving daughters part & share alike, my surviving 
daughters part to remain as aforesaid for their use during life in my said 



(Eicncalogfcal ISccorDsi of ^anitl I3cnc?et 

trustees Hands, after their decease to the use of their children upon the con- 
ditions and under the same limitations above expressed concerning the three 
seventh parts aforesaid. And I nominate and appoint my said two sons Anthony 
Benezet, and Daniel Benezet to be the Executors of this my last will and tes- 
tament hereby revoking all former wills by me made and do declare this only 
to be my last will and testament In witness whereof I the said Judith Benezet, 
the Testatrix have hereunto set my hand and seal the eighth day of July in the 
year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty four. 

(Signed) "Judith Benezet." [seal] 

Witnesses : John Drinker, John Wilson, Jos. Alicocke. 
The will was probated Philadelphia, September 26, 1765.* 

Children of John Stephen and Judith Benezet : 

14. Marie Madelaine Judith Benezet", born November i, 1710; died January 27, 

1786: married (l) David Bruce; (2) Dr. John F. Otto. 

15. Marianne Benezet", born February 26, 1712; died May 12, 1712. 

16. Anthony Benezet", born January 31, 1713; died May 3, 1784; married Joyce 

Marriott. 

17. Susanne Benezet", born February 29, 1715; died May 20, 1715. 

18. Marianne Benezet", born July 7, 1716; married Jacob Lischy. 

19. Susanne Benezet", born July 22, 1717; died October 8, 1779; married John 

Christopher Pyrlaeus. 

20. Pierre Benezet", born May 6, 1719; died May 23, 1719. 

21. James Benezet", born August 26, 1721; died May 16, 1794; married Ann Hasell. 

22. Philip Benezet", born November 6, 1722; married Sarah Ayries. 

23. Daniel Benezet", born December 26, 1723; died April 24, 1797; married Eliza- 

beth North. 

24. Madelaine Benezet", born January 15, 1724/5; died January 12, 1726/7. 

25. Gertrude Benezet", born March 5, 1726/7; died May 28, 1728. 

26. Jean Benezet", born February 6, 1727/8; died February 10, 1727/8. 

27. Elizabeth Benezet", born June 12, 1730; died December 23, 1730. 

7. Pierre Benezet* (Jean\ Estienne-, Claude'), born at Abbeville, June 
24, 1684; baptized July 2, 1684, at Neuville, by the minister M. Maillard ; pre- 
sented by M. Pierre Testart, his grandfather, and by Madame Marie Madelaine 
Crommelin, wife of M. Isaac Testart, merchant, of London. He died August 2, 
1686. and was interred the next day in the Church of St. Jacques, in the city of 
Abbeville. 

8. Jacques Benezet* f (Jean\ Estienne\ Claude^), born at Abbeville, Octo- 
ber 5, 1685; baptized October 6, 1685, in his father's house, by the minister 



• Philadelphia Wills, Book N, p. 411. 

t The "French Protestant E.xiles" (vol. ii. p. 42), gives the following items in regard to the 
Benezet name in England: Jacques Benezet (born 1685), married Elizabeth Franfoise, daughter of 
Claude Fonnereau, E.sq., of Christ Church Park in Suffolk (as appears from his father-in-law's will, 
proved April 17, 1740). The annotator of the Countess of Huntingdon's life says, as to James Benezet : 

199 



(Genealogical HccorD0 of ?E)aniel Bencjet 

M. Ranliz, by permission of the mayor of the city ; in the presence of i\I. Nich- 
olas Dausel, presented by M. Jacques de la Guise, banker of Paris, and Madame 
Marie Robelin, wife of M. Isaac Caurobay, agent for the manufacture of cloth. 
He married, and later on appears as a merchant in London, where he was 
godfather for his nephew Jacques in 1721, and his wife Fran^oise Elizabeth was 
godmother for his niece Elizabeth in 1730, both of whom were children of John 
Stephen Benezet. 

9. Jean Jacques Benezet* (Jean', Estienne-, Claude'), born at Abbeville, 
December 21, 1686; baptized the 26th of the same month, in the church of St. 
Jacques, by the curate; presented by M. Jacques Demons, as proxy for M. 
Armand, and Dame Catharine Elizabeth de Viellebrun, wife of M. Jacques 
Demons. 

10. Cyrus Benezet* (Jean^ Estienne-, Claude'), born at Abbeville, Janu- 
ary 5, 1688; baptized in the same month, in the Church of St. Jacques, by the 
curate, M. Darsen ; presented by M. Bonner, as proxy for the child's uncle, 
M. Cyrus Testart, merchant of St. Quentin. 

11. Madelaine Marguerite Benezet* (Jean\ Estienne^, Claude'), born 
March 5, 1689; baptized the next day, at the Church of St. Catharine, in the 
parish of St. Quentin, by the curate, M. Huet ; presented by M. Cyrus Testart, 
the mother's brother, by proxy for Jean Baptiste Benezet, of Dunkirk, the father's 

brother, and b\' Miss Marguerite • de Valmand ; named for her mother and 

grandmother. She married de Brissac. 

12. Milizior Benezet* (Jean\ Estienne^ Claude'), born doubtless at St. 
Quentin, November 2, 1690; baptized on the 12th of the same month, in the 
Church of St. Catharine, St. Quentin, by M. Huet, curate of the parish. The 
record is here so imperfect that the names of the sponsors cannot be made out. 
One can only gather that the child was named for " his Godfather, Milizior." 
He died November 2, 1702, in Paris, of a protracted fever, and was buried in 
a cemetery of St. , in the faubourg St. Germain. 

13. Pierre Testart Benezet* (Jean^ Estienne^ Claude'), born at St. 
Quentin, August 2^, 1692; baptized the next day by M. Huet, curate of the 
parish, and named Pierre for his grandfather M. Testart, who was living at that 
time in Harlem. 

Susanne, wife of Pierre Benezet, merchant of Amsterdam, was godmother, 
by proxy, for her husband's niece Gertrude, baptized in 1727 in London. 



" His descend.int. the late Major Benezet, was a resident of Margate for many years, where he acquired 
considerable property, a great part f)f the new town having been built on land belonging to liim. The 
name is now (1841) nearly extinct [in Margate], only one person remaining, — an old bachelor upwards 
of seventy years of age." 

200 




MRS. JOHN STEPHEN BENEZET 
(JUDITH PF LA MEJANELLE ) 



dPenealogical mecorDji of J^aniel istxmtt 

14. Judith Benezet^ (John Stephen^, Jean^, Estienne-, Claude'), born at 
St. Quentin, France, November i, 1710; baptized the next day, in the Church 
of St. Catharine, by the curate, M. Huet (under the name of Marie Madelaine 
Judith) ; presented by Sr. Jean Le Riche, proxy for M. Cyprian Testart, and 
by the wife of Sr. Banard, for Madame de la Mejanelle. She died January 27, 
1786, at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 

She married (i), July 10, 1742, David Bruce, from Edinburgh Scotland, 
who came to this country with Count Zinzendorf in the autumn of 1741. He 
had before that time labored as a Moravian minister in destitute English neigh- 
borhoods. In 1749 he was sent to the Indian Mission in Duchess County, New 
York, and died there in July of that year. 

Judith, widow of David Bruce, married (2), June 25, 1750, Dr. John Fred- 
erick Otto.* 

Children of David and Judith Bruce : 

28. John David Bruce°, born May 5, 1745. 

29. John Stephen Bruce", born November 9, 1748. 

15. Marianne Benezet^ (John Stephen*, Jean', Estienne^, Claude'), born 
February 26, 1712, at St. Quentin, France; baptized the same day, in the Church 
of St. Catharine, by the curate, M. Drassen ; presented by Theodore Galampoix 
as proxy for M. Jean Baptiste Benezet, merchant of Dunkirk, and by Madelaine 
Miche, in place of Madame Marianne Lienrard, wife of M. Ragenneau De la 
Chenays, merchant, of Paris. She died May 12, 1712, and was buried the next 
day in the Church of St. Catharine at St. Quentin. 

16. Anthony Benezet'' (John Stephen*, Jean^ Estienne^, Claude'), born 
January 31, 1713, at St. Quentin, France; baptized the next day in the Church 
of St. Catharine, at St. Quentin, by the cure, M. Drassen (or Frassen), and 
presented by Sr. Pierre Cretel, as proxy for M. Antoine Benezet Darsellon (or 
Dartillon), of Dunkerque, and by Anne Lesene (or Letuve), in place of Madame 
Charlotte Lienrard (or Lieunard), wife of M. Pierre Valmalette, merchant, of 
Paris. To the record of his birth his father adds, " May God bless him and 
cause him to believe in His grace." 

Anthony Benezet died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 3, 1784. He 
married, 3 mo. 13, 1736, at Philadelphia Friends' Meeting, Joyce Marriott, daugh- 
ter of Samuel and Mary, and granddaughter of Isaac and Joyce (Olive) Marriott, 
" a woman of exemplary piety." She died July 8. 1786, in Philadelphia. 

While the Benezet family were living in Great Britain Anthony Benezet 
" received an education that was deemed sufficient to qualify him for merchantile 
business, to acquire a knowledge of which his father placed him with one of 



* Records of Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. (Penna. Archives, second series, vol. 
ix. pp. no, III.) 

201 



(Kcncalogtcal iSccorDjs of ?Danicl :BcncKt 

the most respectable traders of the inetropohs. In this situation he did not long 
continue, declining, from motives of a religious nature, to be occupied in the 
enterprises of commerce. Having chosen a mechanical business, lie engaged 
himself with a cooper, but it proved to be an employment too laborious for his 
youthful and naturally delicate frame." When about fourteen years of age he 
was united with the religious society of F"riends. He was eighteen years old 
when he came to Philadelphia with his parents. 

Three years after his marriage he removed to Wilmington, Delaware, where 
he was engaged in business, which not proving successful, he returned after 
a few months to Philadelphia. 

In his twenty-sixth year he believed it to be most consistent with his duty 
to become a teacher. He was at first so employed in Germantown, near Phila- 
delphia, where he spent part of his spare time as proof-reader for a printer 
near whom he lived. In 1742 he left Germantown and accepted a position in 
the Penn Charter School. 

In 1755 he established a school on his own account for the instruction of 
girls, and soon was intrusted with the education of the daughters of the most 
affluent and respectable inhabitants of the city. He entleared himself to his 
pupils " by the exercise of an uncommon degree of religious care, and such was 
the urbanity of his manners anil the lenity of his government, that the character 
of tutor was lost in an indulgence more unlimiteil than even paternal fondness 
is apt to dispense." 

Much of Anthony Benezet's attention was devoted to the abolition of the 
slave-trade. He was an advocate of the emancipation and education of the 
colored population, opening for that purpose an evening school. 

During the Revolutionary War and the occupation of Philadelphia by the 
British army he was active in alleviating the sufferings of prisoners. 

He published tracts which were gratuitously distributed throughout the 
country, the most important being " A Caution to Great Britain and her Colo- 
nies, in a Short Representation of the Calamitous State of the Enslaved Negroes 
in the British Dominion" (Philadelphia, 1767); "Some Historical Account of 
Guinea, with an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave-Trade" (1772) ; 
"Observations on the Indian Natives of this Continent" (1784); "A Short 
Account of the Society of Friends" (1780) ; and " Dissertation on the Christian 
Religion" ( 1782). 

Anthony Benezet died without issue. His will, signed March 4, 1784, was 
proved May 19, 1784 (Book Q, p. 482). The obituary notices of Anthony and 
Joyce Benezet, from the Pcnnsyhania Gazette, are as follows : 

May 12, 1784. " On Monday night the third instant, after a short illness, 
departed this life, in the seventy-seventh year of his age, Mr. Anthony Benezet, 
one of the people called Quakers. His Catholicism in religion, his universal 
philanthropy, his unwearied acts of benevolence, endeared him to all who knew 
him. He was kind without reserve, courteous without deceit, and charitable 
without ostentation. The fertile bosom of the poor, which yields an hundred 

202 



(KencaloQfcal Bccomjj of 3©antcl I5ene?et 



fold, was the receptacle of his annual income. He industriously labored through- 
out a long and most useful life, to advance the best interests of mankind, 
in an humble and private sphere. For some years past he devoted his atten- 
tion considerably to the education of Negro and Alulattoe children, from a 
desire that they might hereafter prove useful members of society, and worthy 
of that freedom to which the humane and righteous law of this common- 
wealth, passed in 1780, has restored them, and to this use we understand he 
has given all his property (above £2000) after providing for his ancient and 
feeble widow." 

July 19, 1786. " On Saturday, the 8th instant, died in the seventy-second 
year of her age, Mrs. Joyce Benezet, relict of Mr. Anthony Benezet ; and on 
Sunday evening her remains were interred in the Friends' Burial-ground attended 
by a large and respectable number of citizens. A few days before her death 
she was struck with the palsy, and remained in a state of apathy until she died. 
She was pious and benevolent, and, as she passed along the decline of life, ' meek 
resignation gently stop'd away.' Mr. Benezet, who died about two years since, 
in his last will, bequeathed the annual income of his whole estate, forever (after 
the decease of his wife), for the instruction and education of Negro and Mulatto 
children. In the humble and obscure vocation of teaching these children he 
spent several years of his life from a desire to make them useful members of 
society. 

" ' Thus to relieve tlie wretched was his pride 
And ev'n his failings leaned to virtue's side; 
But in his duty prompt at every call. 
He watch'd and wept, he pray'd and felt for all. 
And as a bird each fond endearment tries 
To tempt its new-fledg'd offspring to the skies, 
He try'd each art, reprov'd each dull delay, 
AUur'd to brighter worlds, and led the way.' " * 

17. Susanne Benezet^ (John Stephen-*, Jean^, Estienne-, Claude'), born 
at Rotterdam, February 29, 1715; baptized March i, 1715, in the Walonne 
Church of Rotterdam, by the minister, M. Superville ; presented by her father, 
in place of his brother Jacques Benezet, and by her mother's sister, Jeanne de 
la Mejanelle, who had doubtless accompanied them in their flight. 

One may judge their gratitude for their escape from France by the entry, 
" Praise be to God that this child has been baptized within a Protestant Church." 

Susanne Benezet died, according to our copy of the record, on May 20, 
1716, and was interred in the Walonne Church, at Rotterdam. This is un- 
doubtedly an error in transcribing, and should read 171 5, as the family left for 
London in August of that year. 



* See " Memoirs of the Life of Anthony Benezet," by Roberts Vau.x, Philadelpliia, 1S17 ; " Anthony 
Benezet from the Original Memoir, Revised with Additions by Wilson Arniestead," Philadelphia, 
1859; Appleton's Cyclopedia of Ameilcan Biography ; Bulletin Historique et Litteraire, second series, 
6 June, iSy.i. 

203 



C^cncalogical EecorDjs of J^aniel Benejct 

i8. Marianne Benezet^ (John Stephen*, Jean^ Estienne^, Claude'), born 
July 7, 1716 (at London?); baptized, on the nth of the same month, by 
M. Ducrocq, minister of the churches of Savoye and of the Grecs ; presented 
by M. Frederick Pigou, merchant of London, and by her aunt Mile. Marianne 
de la Mejanelle. She married, September 17, 1742,* Jacob Lischy. 

Jacob Lischy, from Mialhausen, Switzerland, arrived in Philadelphia in the 
snow " Catharine," and was qualified May 28, 1742,! having been sent out as a 
member of the first Moravian colony to Pennsylvania. He labored within the 
present limits of the counties of Lancaster, Berks, Chester, York, and Lebanon. 
In 1747 his connection with the Moravians was severed. He died on his farm 
on the Codorus, and lies buried not far from Wolff's Church.:}: 

Child of Jacob and Marianne Lischy : 

30. Anna Maria Lischy', born at Ephrata, November 10, 1743. 

19. Susanne Benezet^ (John Stephen*, Jean', Estienne-, Claude'), born 
July 22, 1717, at Wandsworth, England; baptized the 24th of the same month, 
in the French Church, by the minister, M. Delaroque ; presented by M. Pierre 
Valmalette, merchant of Paris, and by her aunt Susanne de la Mejanelle ; died 
at Hernhut, Saxony, October 8, 1779. 

She married, July 10, 1742, § John Christopher Pyrlaeus, " the Mohawk 
scholar," who was born at Pausa, Voigtland, in 1713. He studied for the min- 
istry at the LTniversity of Leipzig between 1733 and 1738. While there he joined 
the Moravians, and accepted an appointment as missionary. He reached Beth- 
lehem, Pennsylvania, October 19, 1740, was ordained to the ministry, and served 
as missionary to the Indians until 1751. In November of that year he and his 
wife sailed for England, where he labored until 1770, when they left for Ger- 
many. He died at Hernhut, Saxony, May 28, 1785. 

Children of John Christopher and Susanne Pyrlaeus : 

31. Mary Pyrlaeus*, born January 6, 1746; died November 2g, 1821; unmarried. 

32. John Christopher Pyrlaeus", born April 20, 1748; died January 22, 1808; 

married . 

33. Benigna Charity Pyrlaeus', born October 16, 1750; died September 29, 1829; 

unmarried. 

20. Pierre Benezet'^ (John Stephen*, Jean\ Estienne-, Claude'), born at 
London, England, May 6, 1719; baptized May 10, 1719, by Mr. Brown, reader 
of the English Church of Wandsworth ; presented by M. Pierre Ribot, proxy 



* Records of Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 
t Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xvii. p. 227. 
t Penna. Magazine, vol. ix. p. 11 j ; Gibson's History of York County. 

? Records of Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Penna. Archives, second series, vol, 
viii. p. 110. 

204 



(lE>encal08tcal KecorDjs of J^anfcl I5cne?ct 

for the child's uncle, Pierre Beiiezct, also by M. Pierre Simond and by Madame 
Ribot, in place of the child's aunt, Mrs. Debrissac (de Brissac). He died May 
23, 1719, and was buried in the cemetery of the French Church at Wandsworth. 

21. James (Jacques) Benezet' (John Stephen^, Jean^, Estienne-, Claude'), 
born August 26, 1721 ; baptized September 9, of the same year, by Mr. King, 
English minister of the parish of Chelsey ; presented by his uncle Jacques Bene- 
zet, by M. Jacques Pierre Dumonstre, and by Mile. Anne Mire ; died May 16, 
1794, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. 

James Benezet married, June 5, 1747, in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Ann 
Hasell, who died after August 14, 1809. She was the daughter of Samuel and 
Ann (Bulkley) Hasell.* 

James Benezet was probably living in Philadelphia in 1760 and 1761, when 
his sons Samuel and Stephen were entered as scholars in the Academy of Phila- 
delphia;! and in 1765, when he signed the Non-Importation Agreement. | He 
removed to Bensalem, Bucks County, where he took an active part in affairs at 
the time of the Revolutionary War. In 1775 he was a private in the Bensalem 
Company of Associators ; § was a member of the Bucks County Committee in 1775 
and 1776; II and was one of the commissioners to collect clothing in 1777.^ 

On March 31, 1777, military stores were issued to Major James Benezet 
for seventy-three privates.** 

He received the appointment of Prothonotary and Clerk of Common Pleas 
in 1777 and served until 1787, when he resigned. ff 

Children of James and Ann Benezet : 

34. Samuel Benezet', H died May 4, 1805; married Catherine Severn. 

35. John Stephen Benezet", a private in the company of John Jarvis, Bucks County 

Associators, August 9, 1775; died unmarried. 



•Samuel Hasell "was born in Barbadoes in 1691. He came to Philadelphia about 1715, and, 
engaging in mercantile business, acquired considerable estate. He was elected a Common Council- 
man of the city, October 2, 1728; alderman, October 7, 1729; and mayor three times, 1731, 1732, 1740. 
He acted as treasurer of the City Corporation for many years, and was also one of the county justices. 
He was called to the Provincial Council October 9, 1728, and in 1731 qualified as a master in chancery 
of the Governor's High Court, founded in 1720, but abolished in 1735. He was for many years a 
vestryman of Christ Church, and at one time Warden. . . . 

" Hasell died at Philadelphia June 13, 1751, and w-as buried in Christ Church ground. . . . The 
Councillor married, about 1718, Ann, only daughter of Samuel Bulkley by his wife Ann Jones, The 
parents were Friends, and, Samuel Bulkley dying when his daughter was quite young, the mother be- 
came the second w-ife of Joseph Growdon, an early Councillor." (Keith's Provincial Councillors, p. 208.) 

t Montgomery's History of the University of Pennsylvania, p. 532. 

J Scharf and Westcott's History of Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 273. 

'i, Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xiv. p. 145. 

II Ibid., vol. XV. pp. 353, 357, 360-362. 

Tl Ibid., vol. iii. p. 619. 
** Ibid., vol. i. p. 719. 
ft Ibid., vol. iii. p. 639; Colonial Records. 

Xt 34- Samuel Benezet^, son of James and Ann, was commissioned captain in the Bucks County 
Associators. January i, 1776; promoted to major of the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, February 14, 

205 



(Genealogical BccorDjs of ?Bauiel I5ene?et 

35. Anne Benezet", born July 5, 1751; died about 1828; unmarried. 

37. Jane Benezet", born December 9, 1752; died March, 1838; unmarried. 

38. James Benezet', born September 23, 1754; buried in Christ Church, November 

20. 1760. 

39. Susan Benezet', died young; buried in Christ Church, June 24, 1758. 

22. Philip Benezet^ (John Stephen*. Jean''. Estienne'-, ClaudeM. born at 
London, Englatid, November 6, 1722; baptized the 12th of the same month, by 
M. De Tacher, minister of the Church of Franqoise dii Ouarre, in Berwick Street; 
presented by his uncle Philip Devisne and by his sister Judith : died October 
13, 1 791 ; buried in the graveyard of Christ Church, Philadelphia. Philip 
Benezet married, June 5, 1766, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Sarah Ayries. 

Philip Benezet was ensign of the Company of Captain John Ross, Phila- 
delphia Regiment, 1747,* at the time of the French and Indian disturbances, 
and was a signer of the Non-Iinportation Agreement, 1765. f In 1788 he was 
Warden of the Port of Philadelphia. I 

Children of Philip and Sarah Benezet: 

40. Charlotte Benezet", born November 12, 1767; buried August 24, 1768. 

41. Mary Benezet', died without issue; married, January 5, 1803, Samuel Chandler, 

at St. James's Church, Perkiomen. 

23. Daniel Benezet^ (John Stephen^, Jean^, Estienne", Claude*), born at 
London, England, December 26, 1723; baptized January 5, 1723/4, by M. 
De Tacher, minister of the Church of Franqoisc du Quarre; presented by 
M. Daniel Chamier, his uncle, and by his sister Judith, in place of Madame 
Gertrude Testart, widow of M. Pierre Testart, of Amsterdam. To this record 



1777. ranking from June 6, 1776 ; resigned on or before August 27, 177S ( Penna. Archives, second series, 
vol. X. pp. 1.(7, 567). He was appointed justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Bucks County, Sep- 
tember 3, 17.83, and was reappointed the following year (Col. Records of Pennsylvania, vol. xiv. p. 
19S). On September 12, 17.S7, he succeeded his father as prothonotary, which office he continued to 
bold for several years (Col. Records of Pennsylvania, vol. xv. pp. 271, 441 ; vol. xvi. p. 83). 

Children of Samuel and Catherine Benezet : 
i. Anne Benezet', died aged 19. 
ii. Elizabeth Benezet', died 1845; unmarried, 
iii. James Benezet', died aged 16. 
iv. Hasell Benezet', died July 22, 1813; unmarried. 

V. Susan Benezet', buried Decembers, 1813 ; married, July 24. 1810, James Beers, 
vi. Samuel Benezet, M.D.', died without issue, December 24, 1812. 
vii. John Stephen Benezet', died 1869; married, April 10, 1817, Sarah Rodman, 
viii. Anthony Benezet', surgeon in the war of 1S12 ; married Hannah G. Vandegrift. 
ix. Daniel Benezet', born about 1792; died March 4, 1S17; unmarried. 
X. Anne Hasell Benezet', died December 17, 1839. 
xi. Jane Benezet', died 1871 ; unmarried. 

* Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ii. p. 502. 

t Scharf and Westcott's History of Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 273. 

t Penna. Archives, second series, vol. iii. p. 608. 

206 



dEfcncalogtcal HccortJji of "manitl 'Bcncfct 

his father added, " May God pour on this child his greatest blessings and make 
him a believer by his grace." He died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 24, 

1797- 

Daniel Benezet married, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, April 24, 1745,* 

Elizabeth North, who died April 25, 1797; tlaughter of Joshua and Sarah 

(White) North. 

On January i, 1756, Daniel Benezet was appointed f by Council one of 
the signers of paper currency. In the same year he joined Captain John Kidd's 
Independent Company of Foot of Philadelphia.^ In 1757 he became a member 
of the Common Council of the city, and served almost continuously until 1776, § 
and probably after that time. In 1739 he was made an alderman, || and in 1761 
and 1764 was appointed a justice of the peace j[ for Philadelphia County. He, 
as well as his brothers James and Philip, signed the Non-Importation Agreement 
in 1765.** He was elected a member of the First City Troop in May, 1781, and 
was made an Honorary Member of the same on September 10, 1787.1! 

Daniel Benezet tiled at his home on Arch Street, Philadelphia, April 24, 
1797, aged seventy-three years and three months. His wife died the next day, 
aged seventy-si.x }-ears and eight months. JJ 

Letters of Administration on the estate of Daniel Benezet were- granted in 
Philadelphia, on May 9, 1797, to Sarah Bartow, Anthony Benezet, and George 
Willing, §§ and on July 10, 1797, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, to Daniel 
Benezet. II II 

The inventory included silver plate amounting to £133 lis. 6d.. three 
watches, one of them a repeater ( this fell to the share of his son Daniel and 
was valued at £10), a family chariot, high chariot, etc., and amounted to £6509 
i8.f. 7d. 

In the settlement, dated March 15, 1799, made by Anthony Benezet, whose 
portion does not appear, the other heirs received among other things : 

£ s. d. 

Sarah Bartow, 2 Family Pictures, Silver Plate, valued at 38 11 43/2 

Elizabeth Horsfield, i Family Picture, Silver Plate, valued at. . 25 8 6 

Maria Willing, Silver Plate 30 8 7 



* Penna. Archives, vol. viii. p. 18. 

t Historical Sketches of Paper Currency, vol. i. p. 40. 

1 Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ii. p. 524. 

2 Minutes of Common Council of Philadelphia. 

II Penna. Archives, second series, vol. ix. p. 736. 
II Ibid., pp. 710, 711. 

*"* Scharf and VVestcott's Historj' of Philadelphia, vol. i. p. 273. 

tt History of the First City Troop, pp. 172, 179. The date of his death is given, proving it to have 
been Daniel Benezet, Sr., who belonged to the Troop, while the reference to the service of his son 
Daniel, as lieutenant of the Artillery, distinctly states that it was Daniel Benezet, Jr. (Penna. 
Archives, second series, vol. xiii. pp. 740, 760.) 
tt Claypoole's Daily Advertiser, April 28, 1797. 
?? Philadelphia Administrations, Book H, p. 267. 
nil New Jersey Wills, Book 37, p. 105. 

207 



dEfentalogical EccofDss of Daniel 'Bcne?et 

i s. d. 

Joseph and Mary Pilmore, Silver Plate 29 19 3 

Daniel Bcnezct, Silver Plate 29 9 2 

The final account, rendered May 22, 1799, amounted to £13,838 6s. i5J/^rf.* 

Children of Daniel and Elizabeth Benezet : f 

42. Sarah Benezet", born February 23, 1746; died July 14, 1818; married Thomas 

Bartow. 

43. John Stephen Benezet", born June 21, 1749; married Hannah Bingham. 

44. Anthony Benezet", born August 21, 1751; died June 8, 1818; married (l) 

Catharine Graff; (2) Peggy Mayer; (3) Mary Engle. 

45. Elizabeth Benezet", born September 29, 1754; died September 9 1834; married 

Joseph Horsfield. 

46. Mary Benezet", born December 20, 1755; died July i, 1808; married (i) 

Joseph Wood; (2) Rev. Joseph Pilmore. 

47. Judah (Judith?) Benezet', baptized July 28, 1758. 

48. Daniel Benezet', born February 18, 1760; died without issue, 1798; married 

Roxanna . 

49. William Benezet', died November 17, 1753. No furtlier record. 

50. A daughter", died February 18, 1759. No further record. 

24. Madelaine Benezet^ (John Stephen*, Jean\ Estienne=, Claude'), born 
at London, January 15, 1724/5; baptized 21st of same month by M. De Tacher, 
minister of the Church of Franqoise du Quarre ; presented by M. Alexandre 
Desfourneaux and by Madame Susanna Simond, wife of M. Pierre Simond. 
She died January 12, 1726/7, and was buried in the cemetery in Poland Street, 
belonpfing to the parish of St. James. 

25. Gertrude Benezet'' (John Stephen*. Jean', Estienne^, Claude^), born 
at London, England, March 5, 1726/7; baptized on the 15th of the same month, 
in her father's house, by M. De Tacher, minister of the Church of Fran<;oise 
du Quarre ; presented by M. Elbort Testart, and by his sister Judith, in place 
of her aunt, Susanne Benezet, wife of M. Pierre Benezet, merchant of Amster- 
dam. She died March 28. 1728, and was buried in the cemetery of St. Martin 
in the Fields. 

26. Jean Benezet" (John Stephen*, Jean', Estienne', Claude'), born at 
London, England, February 6, 1727/8; baptized the same day, by M. Prelleur, 
a French minister living at Hoxton ; presented by his brother Anthony and 
sister Marianne. He died February 10, 1727/8, and was buried in the cemetery 
of St. Leonard in Shoreditch. 



• Administration Files, Philadelphia, office of Recorder of Wills. 
t Records of Christ Church, Philadelphia. 

208 



CEftncalogical EccovD0 of ^anitl Uenejct 

27. Elizabeth Benezet'' (John Stephens Jean^, Estienne", Claude^), born 
June 12, 1730; baptized the 20th of the same month by M. Prelleur, a French 
minister hving at Hoxton ; presented by her father in place of M. De Brissac, 
of St. Quentin, France, and by Franqoise EHzabeth Benezet, wife of M. James 
Benezet, of London (the child's uncle). She died December 23, 1730, and was 
buried in the cemetery of the Church of St. Leonard in Shoreditch. 

42. Sarah Benezet" (Daniel"', John Stephens Jean^, Estienne'-, Claude'), 
born at Philadelphia, February 2t„ 1746; died July 14, 1818; married, June 30, 
1768, Thomas Bartow.''' 

43. John Stephen Benezet^f (DanieP, John Stephen', Jean", Estienne-, 
ClaudeM. married at Christ Church, Philadelphia, October 26, 1775, Hannah 
Bingham, born March 26, 1754; died December 16, 1815 ; daughter of William 
and Mary (Stamper) Bingham. She married (2), November 26, 1873, Rev. 
Robert BlackwelLJ 

John Benezet was a member of the Committee of Correspondence of Phila- 
delphia, December 22, 1774, § and was a delegate to the Provincial Convention held 
in Philadelphia. January 23. 1775, of which he was chosen one of the secretaries. || 
On June 30, 1775, he was one of those appointed to sign the paper currency. Tf 

John Benezet of Philadelphia, merchant, made his will December 14, 1780, 
previous to embarking for Europe, on official business, as is supposed. The vessel 
on which he sailed (making her first voyage) was never again heard from. The 
will was proved December 23, 1794, Anthony Benezet and Mary Wood testifying 
to the handwriting.** 

Child of John Stephen and Hannah Benezet : 

51. Maria Benezet', died without issue. August 10, 1799: married, October 7, 1795, 
George Willing, son of Thomas and Ann (McCall) Willing. 



* Bartow Record, p. 179. 

t Born June 21, 1749; baptized September 10, 1749, as shown by the records of Christ Church, 
where the name is entered as Stephen, son of Daniel Benezet. In 1755 the child was entered by his 
father at the Philadelphia Academy under the name oi John, and so seems to have been known in after 
life, but appears in a record owned by a member of the family as John Stephen Benezet. 

t Rev. Robert Blackwell, D.D. "Ordained in the Ministry in Eng. June 11. 1772 by the Bishop of 
London ; missionary A. D. 1773-7 in Gloucester Co. N. J. During the War for Independence Chaplain 
in the First Penna. Brigade & in the Winter of 1777-8 Surgeon to one of the Regiments at 'Valley 
Forge. From 1781 to 181 1 senior Assistant Minister of the U. Churches of Christ Church & St. Peter's 
Phila. and during the closing years of the War one of the only two clergymen of the Church of England 
whom the desolation of those times left in the extensive State of Penna. : his friend and ministerial 
associate of thirty years, the Rev. William White, afterwards bishop of this diocese, being the other, 
each the pastor of Washington . . . Born May 6, 1748— d. Feb. 12, 1831." (Inscriptions of St. Peter's 
Church, p. 550.) 

Dr. Blackwell married, first, ReVjecca, daughter of Joseph and Ann Harrison, of Gloucester 
County, New Jersey, and (2), Hannah Benezet. 

i Penna. Archives, second series, vol. .xiii. p. 2-^7. 
il Ibid., vol. iii. pp. 549, 550. 

'I Col. Records of Penna., vol. x. p. 281 ; Penna. Archives, second series, vol. iii. p. 597. 

** Philadelphia Wills, Book X, p. 170. 

14 209 



d^cncalostcal BccorDjs of jDanicl x^cncKt 

44. Anthony Benezet" (DanieP, John Stephen*, Jean', Estienne-, 
Claude'), born August 21, 1751 ; baptized in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Oc- 
tober 26, 1751 ; died June 8, 1818; married (i), at St. Michael's and Zion Lu- 
theran Church, Philadelphia, on June 9, 1774, Catharine Grafif, daughter of Caspar 
Graff, of Philadelphia; (2), at the Presbyterian Church. Abington, on March 27, 
1793, Margaret (Peggy) Mayer, died September 8, 1797, aged twenty-eight years; 
(3), at Christ Church, Philadelphia, by Rev. Dr. Blackvvell, on April 15, 1798, 
to Marv Engle, daughter of John and Ann (Whitmer) Engle, who died without 
issue in 1832. 

Anthony Benezet was elected a member of the First City Troop April 19, 
1786, and was made an Honorary Member October 4, 1796.* He lived on his 
farm in Abington, near Jenkintown, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, through 
which the Bound Brook Railroad now passes. Benezet Station is on the 
property. 

Anthony Benezet an<l his wife Margaret were buried in the graveyard of 
Abington Presbyterian Church. 

Children of Anthony and Catharine Benezet : 

52. Elizabeth Benezet', born March 31, 1775; married, May 5, 1706, James 

PM.gart, Jr. 

53. Mary Benezet', born December, 1776. 

54. Daniel Benezet', born April 28, 1778; married at Egg Harbor, and had ten 

children. 

55. John Benezet', born August 6, 1780; married, December jo. 1802. Maria Han- 

biickcr, and went to West Indies. 

Chilli of Anthony and Margaret Benezet : 

56. Julianna Benezet', born 1795; died July 20, 1796. 

45. Elizabeth Benezet'"' ( Daniel'', John Stephen*, Jean\ Estienne', 
Claude'), born September 29, 1754; baptized in Christ Church, Philadelphia, 
November 17, 1754; died September 9, 1834; married, December 2, 1783, Joseph 
Horsfield, born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, November 24, 1750; died at Bethle- 
hem, September 9, 1834; son of Timothy Horsfield, an early and prominent Mora- 
vian settler of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 

" Joseph Horsfield was chosen a delegate to ratify the Federal Constitution 
in 1787, and signed the ratification. He was appointed by President Washington, 
June 12, 1792, the first postmaster at Bethlehem, an office he held tmtil the 13th of 
Februar}-, i8o2."t 

Children of Joseph and Elizabeth Horsfield : 

57. Sarah Horsfield'. 

58. Elizabeth Horsfield', ni.irried Cliri'-tian Jacob Wolle. 



* History of First City Troop, p. i8o. 

t The Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. xi. p. 217. 



©encalogtcal ISccorDjS of Baittcl BcncKt 

Sg. Maria Horsfield', married John Jacob Kiimnier. 
60. Daniel Horsfield', died in infancy. 

46. Mary Benezet" (Daniel", John Stephen*, Jean'', Estienne", Claude^, 
born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1755 ; baptized in Christ Church, 
April 20. 1756: died July i, 1808; married (i), by license dated July 29, 1773, 
Joseph Wood, late of Georgia;* (2), about 1790, Rev. Joseph Pilmore.f Joseph 
and Mary Wood had one son, who married and had three children. 
Poulson's American Advertiser gives the following notice : 
Wednesday, July 6, 1808. " Died at her country seat in Oxford township, on 
Friday last, Mrs. Mary Pilmore, the amiable consort of the Rev. Doctor Pilmore, 
Rector of St. Paul's Church in Philadelphia. She was the youngest daughter of 
the late Daniel Benezet, Esquire, for many years a respectable merchant of this 
city." 

48. Daniel Benezet'"' (Daniel'', John Stephen*, Jean\ Estienne-, Claude'), 
born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 18, 1760; baptized at Christ Church, 

April 24, 1760; married Ro.xanna , who was still living and a widow, March 

5, 1800. 

Daniel Benezet, Jr., was commissioned, August 10, 1780, junior second lieu- 
tenant in Captain Joseph Watkins's company. Artillery Battalion, under Colonel 
Joseph Marsh, Philadelphia militia. J He had removed to New Jersey before his 
father's death, and was living at Great Egg Harbor, Gloucester County, New 
Jersey, in 1797, when he was appointed as one of the administrators of the estate. 

In the partition of the estate of Daniel Benezet, Sr., his son Daniel received: 

" Frame Messuage and lot on the east side of Delaware Second Street, 23 
feet north of Mulberry Street ; 

" Also Messuage and lot on north side of Quarry Street, between Bread 
Street and Third Street; 



* New Jersey Archives, vol. xxii. p. 4,5. 

t The following abstract is taken from " Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit :" 

"Joseph Pilmore. born about 1754. in the village of Tadmouth, Yorkshire, England, when about 
sixteen years of age became acquainted with Rev. John Wesley, who gave him a situation in his 
famous school at Kingswood. where he acquired a fair amoinit of English literature as well as some 
knowledge of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages. After finishing his studies he was appointed 
to travel and preach, and did so in England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales for several years. In 1769 
he was sent to America, and preached, when thirty-four years of age, from Maine to Georgia. 

" In 178,1 he was ordained by Rev. Samuel Seabury, of Connecticut, and became a minister of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church. Shortly after this he received a call to the Rectorship of the three 
united Parishes of Trinity (Oxford), All Saints, (Lower Dublin), and St. Thomas (Whitemarsh), all in 
ihe vicinity of Philadelphia. From 1789 to 1794 he was assistant to Rev. Dr. Magaw, in St. Paul's 
Church, Philadelphia. He passed through the time of the yellow fever of 1793 with great usefulness in 
his ministry and with extreme hazard to his own life. 

"In 1794 he received and accepted a call to a new church in New York, called Christ Church. 
Here he continued for ten years, when he was chosen Rector of St. Paul's, Philadelphia, in iSio. The 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him in 1.807 by the University of Pennsylvania." 

t Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xiii. pp. 740, 760. 



dBicncalogical ISccorDjs of ?|)anicl BencKt 

" Also lot OH north side Cherry Street, sometime called Hazel Street, between 
8th and 9th Streets ; 

" Also a one story store building on the road leading from Philadelphia to 
Germantown, in the Northern Liberties ; 

" Also lot on west side of said Germantown Road, on south side of North 
Street ; 

" Also rents from propert\- on north side of Green Street between 3d Street 
and Old York Road ; on north side of Haze! or Cherry Street between 8th and 
9th streets, and lot on north side of Sassafras street between Sth and gth streets." 

Daniel Benezet, Jr., died intestate and without issue.* Letters of administra- 
tion on his estate in Gloucester County, New Jersey, were granted December ij, 
1798, to Roxanna Benezet and Anthony Benezet. The bondsmen were Thomas 
Somers antl Ricliard Westcoat, of the same county. 7 



' Philadelphia Deeds, Hook E F, vol. i. p. ,;gj;. 
t New Jersey Wilis, Book ;,8, p. 3S1, 




(gienealoaical 3^ecorD6 of 
Sean CrommeUn 




HE first known and reliable records of the Crommelin 
family are to be found in a work entitled 

•• GENEALOGIE. -- 

VAN HET GESLACHT 

Crommelin 

Bewerkt Door 

J. H. Schetifer, 

Bibliothecaris Archivaris Van Rotterdam." 

In these records Walter Crommelin appears in 1133 as figuring in an agree- 
ment concluded by the " Count of Flanders, between the Abbot of St. Pierre of 
Ghent on one side and Robert, son of Hacket, formerly Lord Castellan of Bruges, 
and Walter Crommelin on the other side, on the subject of the Demesne of Testrep, 
and the tithing of Groede." 

The next entry is dated 1303, Heinderic Crommelin. " Scepen van der 
Kuere te Gand." Then Pierre Cronniielinck is mentioned, but no date is assigned. 
His children, however, are named as, " first, Armand Cromnielinck ; second, 
Josse Crommelinck." 

The above Armand Crommelinck, son of Pierre, married Susanna de Wale, 
daughter of Joost de Wale, about 1542. 

There is a very ancient parchment in the possession of the Ver Planck family, 
in which the Crommelin arms appear : " D'argent au chevron de gules accom- 
pagne de trois Merlettes de sable." The surmounting casque is turned three- 
quarters face, denoting high rank in nobility. The following entry, in French, 
concerning Armand Crommelin, is found in this record : 

" Au Nom de Dieu. 

" Armand Crommelin et sa femnie vivoient dans le seizieme siecle, dans un 
temps de troubles, de guerres, de persecutions cruelles. sous de regne premiere- 
ment, de I'Empereur Charles Le Quint, et ensuite sous la domination tirannique de 
Philippe deuxieme, son fils, cause de la dispersion de plusieurs families des Pays- 
Has, du nombre desquelles pouvoit etre celle dudit Crommelin, et que ccs descen- 
dans ne peuvent remonter au terns et a I'origine de ses ancestres." 

This parchment was written in Holland, complete to the year 1712, by the 
septuagenarian Jacob Crommelin and is entitled the " Genealogy of the name, 

213 



(Bencalogical iSccorDjs of Jean Crommclin 

liuiisc and family of the Cromniclins, written by the Refugee J. Crommehn, and 
lini.shed the day he attained his seventieth year." The fragment is said to be of 
a pecuHar and touching character. It gives information not only concerning the 
Crommehn family, but concerning the De Joncourts, the De Conincks, the Des 
Rapin-Tlioyras, and others related to the Crommelins. 

" The memory of what has passeil as handed down from father to son," as 
Jacob Crommehn, of the sixth generation of the name, writes, shows that Armand 
Crommehn resided in his country house in the neighborhood of Courtray, where 
he had improved a ver\- considerable landed property, at the same time having 
agents and servants at Courtray, who bought under his direction an immense 
quantity of linen fabrics, and e.xijorted them to foreign countries, and particularly 
to England. The manufacture of cloths, particularly linen, seems to have been 
advantageously pursued by many of his descendants, and it was undoubtedly due 
largely to the traditional skill of the family in this industry, that his great-great- 
grandson, as we shall see, had the distinction of inaugurating the linen industry in 
Ireland. 

" This Armand," Jacob Crommehn states, " left seven children, — Pierre, Josse, 
Adrieii, Martin, Jean, and two daughters who married the brothers Jean and 
Robert Deleau. Pierre, the eldest son, lived at Cambray, and carried on an im- 
mense business in cambrics. He died in 1609. Jean Crommehn, the youngest son 
of his father, was placed when a lad with his brother Pierre, who brought him up 
in his business, and often sent him to the city of St. Quentin with his servants to 
buy Baptiste cloths, by which means he made the acquaintance of Jacques de 
Semery, Lord of Camas, a village situated between Genlis and Ham, who gave him 
his daughter Marie in marriage, which was the cause of the above mentioned 
Crommehn establishing himself and remaining at St. Quentin." 

This marriage of Jean Crommehn to Marie de Semeries was celebrated at 
Follembray, a royal castle between Chauny and Coucy, and was honored by the 
presence of Madame Catherine de France, sister of Henry IV., who was holding 
court there. Pierre, the eldest son of this marriage, was born at the chateau of 
Mouy St. Far, and had the honor of having as god-mother, Madame, on which 
occasion the golden lily of France upon a field of azure, with a border of gold and 
blue, was added to the Crommehn arms, a concession of Aladame Marie Catherine 
de France. 

Evidently, then, Armand Crommelinck, son of Pierre Crommelinck, after 
having married Susanne de Wale, a lady of his own nationality, was driven by 
the stress of Roman Catholic persecution in the Low Country to seek refuge in 
France, at that time under the Protestant king, Henry IV., at whose court he and 
his family appear to have been kindly received and graciously treated. Settling 
at Courtray, in Picardy, Armand entered a mercantile life, a pursuit not uncommon 
at that time among people of noble birth. 

Jean Crommelin, upon the death of his father-in-law, became Lord of Camas. 
The account written by Jacob Crommelin states that he " increased the business 
considerably, but sold the lordship and lands of Camas before his death, either on 

214 




CROMMELIN COAT OK ARMS 



(I5cncalogical EccorDjs of 'Jean CrommcUn 

account of the troubles of the war, or to take away all cause of jealousy which 
might arise between his eldest son and his brothers." 

Pierre, the eldest son of Arniand, who so successfully carried on his father's 
business at Cambray, died in 1609. Josse, or Joshua, of Haarlem, had six sons, 
none of whom left male issue. Adrien, of Rouen, had a grandson Francis, son of 
James, who was his last male representative. Martin died unmarried in England. 

Jean, the youngest son of Armand, who learned his father's business with his 
eldest brother, Pierre, and who became Lord of Camas in consequence of his 
marriage to Marie de Semeries, had the following children : Marie, who married 
Peter Lombard, of London ; Katherine, who married Adrien Desdeuxvilles, of 
London; Pierre (born 1596; died about 1680), who married Marie Des Armeaux, 
of Cambray, and left seven children, one of whom, Samuel, had by his wife 
Madeline Testart twenty-two or twenty-three children, the eldest daughter among 
these being Anne by name. 

Adrien married Susanna Doublet in 1641, at St. Quentin, say the Huguenot 
annals,— at Charenton, another account gives it, — and had many children. Among 
the children were Jacques, Arniand, and I'ierre Etienne, according to the Hugue- 
not annals at Paris; there were also two daughters, — Marie, who, in 1667, married 
Jean Pigou, of Amiens, in 1667 taking refuge in England during the revocation, 
and Jeanne, who was married at Paris, to Francis Ammonet in 1O69. This couple 
escaped to England with great wealth in 1681. Jeanne's husband died, and her 
wealth was dissipated by speculations of her second husband, James DuFay. 
Pierre Etienne established himself at Lyons as a merchant, marrying Fran(;oise 
Seigneuret, daughter of Etienne Seigneuret, with a numerous issue. 

Jacques, another son of Jean and Marie dc Semeries, and brother of Adrien, 
established a banking-house at Paris. 

Jean, son of Jean and Marie de Semeries, was born March 19, 1603. In 
1623 he married Rachel, daughter of Guillaume Tacquelet, Seigneur de Gricourt 
et de Castalet, and of Marie de Maucroix, his wife. Jean had fifteen children, and 
died in his house on the 4th of June, 1659. His wife, Rachel, died in Paris on the 
loth of August, 1686, in the arms of her daughter Catharine and of her son 
Jacob. She was seventy-seven years of age, and was buried in the church-yard of 
Saint Sulpice, during the persecution. Jean left each of his sons ten thousand 
pounds, and his daughters also received princely marriage portions. 

Of the fifteen children we will mention Louis, Marie, Catharine, Rachel, 
Anne, Jacob, William, and Daniel. 

Marie, born March 5, 1627, seems to have been married to Daniel Crommelin 
(de la Chambre de Haarlem), from whom descended Jean, refugee in London, the 
husband of a Miss Lamert. Catharine, born June 20, 1632, was married to Francis 
de Counick, of Antwerp ; her daughter Catherine was the wife of John Cain, of 
Rouen. Rachel, born July 21, 1634, became, in 1656, the second wife of Pierre 
Testart, merchant of Saint Quentin. Their daughter, Madeline Testart, was the 
wife of Louis Jean Benezet, of Abbeville, whose son, Jean Estienne, married 
Judith de la Mejanelle, and on the revocation of the edict fled to England, 

215 



Genealogical BecorDjs of 9jean Crommelin 

thence to America, settling in Philadelphia. Another ilanghter, Susan, married 
Daniel Robettion, in 1686. Anne, born 1636, was married to Isaac Cousin, of 
Meanx ; both became refugees to Ireland. Jacob, born May 26, 1642, married 
Elizabeth Testart in 1663. The\' had a daughter Marianne and a son Daniel. 
William, born April 25, 1645, settled in Ireland. Daniel, born December 28, 1647, 
was married to Anne Testart in 1674, and became a refugee, first to England, 
finally in New York. In 1716 he built a house upon lands purchasctl from the 
owners of the Wawayanda Patent, and it was doubtless in memory of his ancestors 
that he named his estate Graycourt. 

Louis, the eldest son of Jean Cronnnelin the second, married Marie, daughter 
of Jean Mettayer, one of the pasteurs of Harcourt, and their son was tlie great 
Louis Crommelin, the refugee. This Louis marrieil Anne Crommelin, of Haarlem, 
his cousin. 

Under the Earl of Galway's government, towards the latter part of the last 
decade of the seventeenth century, the linen trade was established in Ireland by 
Act of Parliament. A competent national manager of the industry being needed. 
King William III., in 1698, invited Louis Crommelin from Holland to fill the 
position, and Louis thereupon accepted, taking with him to Ireland his son Louis, 
and finally choosing as his head-quarters Lisnagarvy, now called Lisburn, a small 
town in the county of Antrim. He was allowed a Royal patent, dated February 14, 
1700, old style 1699. The report as to this affair, made to the English House of 
Commons by the Commissioners of Trade, May 26, 1700: " His Majesty having 
referred to our consideration some proposals made by Mr. Crommelin, a French 
refugee, long experienced in the linen manufacture, for the more efifectual establish- 
ment and improvement of that manufacture in Ireland, we humbly offered our 
opinion that His Majesty would be pleased to allow £800 per annum for ten years, 
to pay the interest at eight per cent, of £10,000 advanced by said Crommelin and 
his friends for the setting on foot of that manufacture : the said £800 to be 
received and issued out by trustees appointed by His Majesty to inspect the employ- 
ing of the said £10,000. And His Majesty having been pleased to give directions 
accordingly, the said Crommelin is lately gone to Ireland in order to put his 
proposals into execution." 

From the patent it appears that in addition to the £800 percentage, there was 
a pension of £200 a year to Crommelin, £40 annually to each of his three assistants, 
and a salary of £60 for a French minister. A linen factory was built at Lisburn 
at the foot of a bridge which crossed the river Loggan : the watercourse remained 
until the beginning of this century. Louis Crommelin brought with him from 
Holland " 1000 looms and spinning-wheels of improved construction; and invited 
a number of families {in general Huguenot families, like his own I. who gladly 
complied and soon founded quite a colony among themselves." 

The French Church built there at that time is now the Court-House of Lis- 
burn. King William's sudden death was the cause of the nullificatirm of his patent 
in favor of Louis, but Queen Anne's government issued a new [patent. This, how- 
ever, did not retain the whole grand total of £1180 per annum, but redistributed 

216 




ISAAC CROMMELIN 



(Biencaloijical BccorDjS of 3can CrommcUn 

it so that it might provide the premiums for workmen, enacted in Lord Galway's 
Act; and Cronimehn's personal share was reduced to £400 per annum, and the 
Hmitation of ten years was extended to the total of £1180. 

Crommelin's formal appointment as National Overseer of the Royal Linen 
Manufacture took place in the end of 1703, after a representation as to his claims 
by the Irish Parliament. He- then intrusted his private venture to his son, who had 
inherited his full share of the family skill in this industry ; he did this, as he said, 
that he might " mind the pubHc and continue his care in promoting the good of 
the kingdom." A book which he published in 1705 shows how much of his timu 
and attention was required in this work. The book contains six chapters, — I. 
Preparing Ground, sowing, weeding, pulling, watering, and grassing Flax. II. 
Dressing Flax. III. Hemp. IV. Spinning, Spinning-Wheels. V. Preparing 
Yarn and Looms. VI. Bleaching Utensils and Bleaching. In each of these depart- 
ments he found prevailing ignorance, and a want of patience, zeal, and industry 
on the part of Irish employees, so that it was necessary for him to direct the 
selection or reclamation of soil for the crop, to instruct in the choice of seeds, 
and in the pulling of flax and the watering it in season and with judgment; to 
prevent the custom of drying flax by fire-heat ; to watch the reeling of yarn, etc., 
etc. He had built a bleachery at Hilden, near Lisburn ; and after having de- 
scribed in his book his machinery and processes, he says, referring to it, " They 
who are disposed to erect one of these bleacheries may, with much greater satis- 
faction, come and view one small bleachery at Lisburn, which may serve as a 
model." In 1707 and 1709 Crommelin was highly eulogized by the Irish Parlia- 
ment. 

In 171 1 he had to consider that his patent was about to expire. 

The death of his only son also occurred on July i of this year. The inscrip- 
tion on his tombstone in the wall of Lisburn church-yard is as follows : 

" Six foot opposite lyes the body of Louis Crommelin and Anne Crommelin, 
Director of the Linen Manufactury, who died beloved of all, aged 28 years, i, July, 
1711. 

" Luge, viator ! et, ut ille dum vita manebat, suspice coelum, despice mundum, 
respice finem." 

Crommelin was obliged to rouse himself from his grief, and to memorialize 
the Lord-Lieutenant, the Duke of Ormand. He also petitioned for a pension of 
£500 a year to enable him to retain his office of Overseer, because, " having lose 
his only son, who managed his affairs," he could not afford to employ another 
manager of his private business unless he were securely provided for. We are 
not informed as to whether he was successful in his petition, but we may infer so 
from the fact that on October 13, 171 1, the Duke of Ormand constituted a Govern- 
ment Board for the Linen Manufacture, and this board commented favorably upon 
Louis's public projects. When, in 1716, Lord Galway was again acting-Viceroy, 
Marburton, Whitelaw, and Walsh's " History of Dublin" is authority for the state- 
ment that his Lordship gave all tiie encouragement in his power to the trustees of 
the linen and hempen manufacture, and empowered them to use his name with 

217 



(Bcnealogical ISccorDjsi of 91can CrommcUn 

tlie Lord Mayor that their hemp ainl flaxseed, lying in the custom-house, might 
be deposited in the House of Industry. Lord Galway also gave the trustees an 
apartment in Dublin Castle for the transaction of their business. In 1717 a peti- 
tion was presented to the House of Commons, from Louis Crommelin, gentleman, 
" Proposing upon a suitable encouragement, to set up and carry on the hempen 
manufacture of sail-cloth, in such part of the kingdom as the house thinks proper." 
Nothing more is recorded of Louis Crommelin, save the fact of his death in 1727. 
His daughter Magdalen, Madame de Bermeres, survived him. 

The male line of the Crommelins on this side was kept up by Samuel Louis. 
The Ulster Journal mentions a third brother, Alexander, who married a Mademoi- 
selle de Lavalade, but his son Charles died unmarried ; his daughter Aladeline was 
the wife of Archdeacon Hutcheson. The fourth brother, William Crommelin, had 
the linen manufactory at Kilkenny, where he married Miss Butler, " one of the 
Ormand family." His son and heir, Louis, died unmarried. Besides the three 
brothers and two sisters already named, a third sister of the refugee is men- 
tioned, — Madeline, wife of Captain Paul Mangin. 

For the above account of the Crommelin Family, the writer is indebted to Mr. 
Agnew's account of the Crommelins in his " Protestant Exiles from France in the 
Reign of Louis XIV.," published in Edinburgh ; the Nc7v ]'oyk Gciicalot^ical 
and Biographical Record, vol. xxiv., No. 2; the Protestant Library of Paris, 
and French Archives. The last two mentioned contained an immense amount of 
information of the Crommelins relative to their titles of nobility, religiou.s 
activity, etc. 




<^?jh^ ?9?|P^ ^5^E?^ '>^|E?? ^M^'^c ^^^^ ^!JM' '^"^ f^lp^ '^"(^^ 
^!^^ ^li^^ ^^fe^^ ^iK^*^ >^i^ffi^' '■ill^A'^ ^i^Hj> ^^l^i-j ^i^H^^ '^^MM 



^tntalogical 9^ccorlj0 of 
Jforl liicljarlison 




?JAWRENCE RICHARDSON', who came from County 
Antrim, Ireland,* settled in Leacock township, Lancas- 
ter County, Pennsylvania, where he died about 1748. 

Being a member of the Society of Friends, Law- 
rence Richardson brought with him a certificate re- 
corded by New Garden Monthly Meeting, Chester 
l^j^ County, under date of 6 mo. 31, 1728, as follows : " Law- 
Sv3^ rence Richardson produced a Certificate to this meeting 
from ye Grange Meeting in Ireland wch signifies he 
was of an orderly Conversation & in unity wth frds, But Gives no account in 
Relation to marriage which was read here and accepted accordingly." 

The omission from the certificate of clearness as to marriage was proba- 
bly the cause later on of some trouble to young Richardson. It was doubtless 
the delay in sending to Ireland for this which caused him to take the step thus 
recorded, 12 mo. 22, 1728/9: " Newgarden preparative meeting acquainted this 
meeting that Lawrence Richardson Endeavored to Draw out the affections of 
Elizabeth Miller without acquainting her mother & also proposed to her to 
buy Lissence to marry her for which sd actions he has given a paper from under 
his hand condemning ye same to ye Sattisfaction of this meeting." 

His acknowledgment having been thus made and accepted, it appears to 
have ended the matter, and before again attempting to marry, the proper certificate 
was procured. 

Lawrence Richardson and Mary Jones,t both of Leacock Township, in 



* Basse's "Sufferings of the Quakers," vol. ii. p. 480, gives the following account of Anthony 
Richardson, who may have been closely related to Lawrence Richardson : 

"Anno 1675. In Antrim County, Anthony Richardson, of Parish of Magheramish near I^isbunie, 
who had been cast into Prison at the suit of Lemuel Matthews, Priest of the Parish, for not paying 
Tithes, and having been Prisoner at Times near seven Years, died in the Gaol of Carrickfergus on the 
24th of the Second Month this Year." 

t Jones. At Chester Monthly Meeting, then in Chester (now Delaware) County, Francis Jones 
produced a certificate for himself and family from Redstone in Pembrokeshire, Wales, dated 6 mo. 
17, 17H. This being placed on record represents that they had come over from Ireland to Pembroke- 
shire about three years before, " and Ever since did belong to our Monthly Meeting at Redstone and 
have all along lived in Love and peace with Friends and Neighbours and behaved themselves soberly 
and Cyvil in all Respects," etc. 

This certificate was also presented to Philadelphia Monthly Meeting and recorded there. His 
" family " probably included his three younger children, but no wife is mentioned. 

219 



(Genealogical iStcorDjs of 9|ocl mic^arDjson 

Lancaster County, were married 2 mo. 21, 1732. at a meeting at Leacock. The 
marriage certificate was recorded by New Garden Friends' Monthly Meeting. 

Mary Jones, born 3 mo. 25. 1712, was the daughter of Samuel and Hannah 
Jones. After Lawrence Richardson's death, she married, about 1750, Thomas 
Green. She died 3 mo. 8. 1760. 

Children of Lawrence and Mary Richardson : 

2. Joseph Richardson', b.ini 10 mn. .?. 1743; died j 1110. 10, 1814: m.irried Dinah 

Harlan. 

3. John Richardson", born 7 mo. tt, 174C; ni.irritd Lydia Baker. 
Tlierc were perhap'; other children. 

2. Joseph Richardson- ( Lawrence'), born in Lancaster Countv, 10 mo. 3, 
1743 (old style); died i mo. 10, 1814; married, at Bradford Meeting, Chester 
County, 5 mo. 2''i, 1768. Dinah Harlan, born 7 mo. 16, 1747: died 3 mo. 20, 182.^; 
(laughter of Joel and Hannah Harlan.* 



According to records preserved by the family. Francis Jones liad four sons. 

As Jones is a Welsh name, it is probable that the family had originally removed to Ireland from 
Wales. 

Children of Francis' Jones : 

2. Samuel Jones-, married. Hannah 

3. Francis Jones'. 

4. Henry Jones'. 

5. Jonas Jones'. 

2. Samuel Jones' (Francis'), produced a certificate to Philadelphia Montlily Mef-ting, from 
Haverford West, in Wales, dated 7 mo. 21, 1711, which states that about three years before the date 
thereof he had come over from Ireland and lived with his father till marriage. 

From Philadelphia he produced a certificate to Chester Monthly Meeting, dated 3 mo. 29, 1713, for 
himself and wife Hannah, and their child. 

Samuel Jones was appointed an overseer of Chester Meeting, 12 mo. 25, 1716. He and his wife 
received a certificate from Chester to Concord Monthly Meeting, 8 mo. 30, 1721, and appear to have 
settled near Cain Meeting, but on 10 mo. 7, 1724, they received a certificate to New Garden, and 
settled near the Gap. Later they seem to have lived in Leacock Township. In 172.S he was appointed 
an elder for -Sadsbury i\Ieeting, and his wife an overseer of the same meeting. In 1734 they were 
appointed overseers of Leacock (afterwards called Lampeter) Meeting. 

Samuel Jones was commissioned a justice of the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County, 
May 8, 1729, December i, 1733, January 25, 17.^67. November 22. 17.^8, and April 4, 1741. (Penna. 
Archives, second series, vol. i.\. pp. 770, 771.) 

In 1742. being a widower, lie removed with his two younger children, Josepli and Esther, to 
Philadelphia. 

Mary, eldest child of Samuel and Hantiah Jones, was born 3 m<i. (May) 26. 1712. and, tradition 
says, at sea, which would indicate that they did not sail for some time after receiving a certificate from 
Haverford West. 

She married (i) Lawrence Rich.irdson ; (21 Tlmmas Green. 

■■■ H.ARI..\N. 

Michael Harlan,'-' son of James Harlan,' of Monkwearmoudi, in England, " came from the north 
of Ireland with his Brother George .about the year 16S7 : .\nd y beginning of the year 1690 he married 
Dinah y" Daughter of Henry Dixon, and settled first Near y" Center Meeting house in Christiana 
Hundred & County of New Castle on Delaware and aftenvards removed into Kennett in Chester 
County where tliey lived many yuars." ( Records of Kennett Meeting.) 



(15etteal05ical ISccorDjs of 9Iocl Eicl^arDjion 



They settled in Lancaster County for a time, but in 1772 went to London- 
grove Township, Chester County. About 1797 tliey removed to Little Britain 
Township, Lancaster County, where both died. 



The will of Michael Harlan, of Londongrove Township, Chester County, was dated 12 mo. 13. 1728, 
and proved July i, 1729. His wife was living at the time of making the will. (Chester Co. Wills, 
Book A, p. 301.) 

2. George Harlan' {MichaeP, James'), " >•« son of said Michael & Dinah Harlan, was born y'' 
4"" day of y lo"' mo. in y- year 1690; a little before day." (Records of Kennett Meeting.) 

George Harlan and Mary, widow of Ale.xander Steward (or Stuart), and daughter of Joel and Ann 
Baily, declared their intentions of marriage 11 mo. 7, and 12 mo. 4, 171516, and were married prior to 
the 3d of the ist month (March) 1715/16. She being a widow, a committee was appointed to see that 
her children's rights were secured before the marriage should be accomplished. 

George and Mary Harlan settled on tlie Brandywine in what is now Newlin Township. 

The will of George Harlan, of Bradford (now Newlin) Township, Chester County, was dated 
II mo. 23, 1731/2, and proved May 31, 1732. The will of Mary Harlan, of Bradford, widow, was dated 
September 6, 1741 : proved October 20, 1741. (Chester Co. Wills, Book B, p. 99.) 

Children of George and Mary Harlan : 

3. Joel Harlan', born 11 mo. 10. 1724 ; died 9 mo. 3, 1796 ; married Hannah Wickersham. 

4. Michael Harlan*. 

5. George Harlan', married Susanna Harlan. 

6. John Harlan', married Sarah Wickersliam. 

7. Rebeckah Harlan', married Stephen White. 

8. Dinah Harlan', married Robert Davies. 
g. Hannah Harlan', married Joseph Martin. 

3. Joel Harlan' (George'*, Michael'^ James'), born 11 mo. 10, 1724; died in Newlin Township, 
Chester County. 9 mo. 3, 1796; married, 10 mo. 16, 1746, at Kennett Meeting, Hannah Wickersham, 
born at East Marlborough, 5 mo. 5, 1723; died 12 mo. 15, 1811 ; daughter of Thomas and Abigail 
Wickersham. They lived for a few years in East Marlborough, then in Londonderry Township, and 
later in Newlin Township. 

Children of Joel and Hannah Harlan : 

10. Dinah Harlan^, born 7 mo. 16, 1747 ; died 3 mo. 20, 1824 ; married Joseph Richardson. 

11. Ruth Harlan', born 11 mo. 31, 1750; married Job Pyle. 

12. Mary Harlan^, born 3 mo. 5, 1753 ; died 11 mo. 18, 1S29; married John Jackson. 

13. Caleb Harlan=, born 5 mo. 9, 1755; died 5 mo. 6. 1834; married Hannah Edwards. 

14. Joshua Harlan^, born 7 mo. 7, 1757; died 11 mo. 29, 1S39. 

15. Joel Harlan*, born 8 mo. 16, 1764: died 4 mo. 29, 1S42 ; married Lydia Smedley. 

B.ilLV. 

Among the English purchasers of land in Pennsylvania was Daniel Baily of Westbrook, in the 
parish of Bromham, in the county of Wilts, weaver, who obtained one hundred and twenty-five acres, 
afterwards located in Birmingham Township, Chester County, by lease and release, dated October 19 
and 20, 16S1. 

This w'as afterwards sold by Joel Baily', attorney for Daniel Baily, to John Radley, but a full title 
was not made. John Radley, by will, January 26, 1701. devised the land to his son William Radley, to 
whom a deed was e.xecuted by Daniel Baily, of the parish of Bromham, etc., 10 mo. 6, 1713. 

The relationship of Joel to Daniel Baily is not e.xplained, but it is likely that the former came from 
the same part of England. Joel Baily appears to have purchased land in Salem County, New Jersey, 
in 1686, although he was a resident of Chester County in 16.85. I" 1692 he bought tifty acres in Mid- 
dletown Township, Chester County, and in 1694 purchased fifty acres more in Ashton Township adjoin- 
ing the first. 

Early in 1687 he married Ann Short, and probably settled on the land in Middletown, which he 
subsecjuently purchased. In 1704 or 1705 they removed to (East) Marlborough Township, but about 
1726 removed to the western part of the same, now West Marlborough. 

In i6g8 he was constable for Middletown, in 1704 for Aston, and in 170S for Marlborough. 

In 1712 he was appointed an overseer for Kennett Meeting, and in 171S an elder. 



(Bcncaloijical KccorDjs of gjocl BicliarDjson 

WILL OF JOSEPH RICHARDSON. 

" I, Joseph Richardson, of the Township of Little Britain in the County 
of Lancaster and state of Pennsylvania considering the uncertainty of this Mortal 
life have for a considerable time past at frequent intervals been thoughtful in 



His will, dated December lo, 172S, with a codicil of 12 mo. 9, 1731 2, proved Aprils, I732'3, does 
not mention his wife, who was probably nut then living. 

Children of Joel and Ann Baily : 

2. Mary Baily', born 9 mo. 10, 168S , died 1741 ; married (i) Ale.xander Stewart; (2) George 

Harlan, 

3. Ann Baily-, born to mo. 10, i6gi ; married Jeremiah Cloud. 

4. Daniel Baily', born 10 mo. 3, 1693; married Olive Harry. 

5. Isaac Baily^, born 10 mo. 24, 1695 ; married Abigail (Johnson) Wickersham. 

6. Joel Baily-, born 12 mo. 17, 1697; married Betty Caldwell. 

7. John Baily', married Lydia Pusey. 

8. Thomas Baily-, married Sarah Bentley. 

9. Josiah Baily', married Sarah Marsh. 

Births of the five older children are recorded in Chester, Delaware County, in Friends' Meeting 
Records. 

Jane, daughter of Mary Baily and Ale.xander Stewart, was an ancestor of Bayard Taylor. 

Short. 

Isaac Ingram, " late of Garton, in Surrey, England," was a passenger on the " Welcome," and 
made his will on shipboard. 7 mo. 26, 1682, in which he devised his possessions to Adam, Miriam, and 
Ann Short, children of his deceased sister Miriam Short, and to the poor of the people called Quakers. 
The will is recorded in Philadelphia. (Book A, p. 11.) 

At the first court held for "Chester" County, February 14, 1682/3, Lawrence Carolus, the 
Swedish priest, was complained of for marrying George Thompson to one Miriam Short, " Contrary 
to ye Laws of ye Province." After this Miriam appears to have married William White, and in 1704 
she took a third husband, Aaron Coppock. 

Ann Short married, in 16.S7, Joel Baily. In 1713 Joel Baily and wife Ann, and Aaron Coppock and 
wife Miriam, united in conveying the land in Middletown and Aston Townships, Chester County, 
which Joel Baily had purchased. 

WlCKERSrHM. 

"The Proprietary, by deeds of Lease and Release, dated 12 and 13th of April, 1683, sold 1000 
Acres of Land to Humphry Killinbeck. 

"The said Humphry, by deeds of Lease and Release dated 12th 7br. 1700, gave all the said 1000 
Acres to his Kinsman Thomas Wickersham, 500 Acres thereof, and the City Lot to the said Thomas 
himself, and the other 500 to his four children, 200 to his eldest Son Humphry, and to Thomas, John, 
and Ann, one hundred each, to be conveyed to them when at age." (Penna. Archives, second series, 
vol. x\x. p. 217. ) 

A Warrant was granted to Thomas Wickersham, December 17, 1701, for five hundred acres to be 
taken up for his children — Humphry, Thomas, John, and Ann. 

Thomas Wickersham came from Bolney, in the county of Sussex, England, bringing a certificate 
from Friends of Horsham Monthly Meeting, dated 7 mo. 11, 1700. With him came his second wife 
Alice (Hogg), and children by his first wife. 

He settled in Marlborough Township, where he took up four hundreti anrl eighty acres in right of 
the purchase of Humphry Killinbeck. He was appointed an overseer of the Meeting 8 mo. 6, 1705, an 
elder in 1714, and was a recommended minister in 1718. He died in June, 1730, and was buried at 
Kennett Meeting. 

The w-ill of Thomas Wickersham ( T/ie Friend, vol. xxi.x. p. 285), of Marlborough, husbandman, 
was dated June 16, 1730, and proved August 20, 1730. He devised the homestead to his wife during 
her widowhood, and then to his son James, subject to the payment of certain legacies. (Chester Co. 
Wills, B.ink A, p, 321.) 



d^cncalogical ISccorD^ of giocl ISicljarDjSon 

what manner and how to dispose of the worldly estate (It has pleased kind provi- 
dence to bless ine with) so as to make a just equitable distribution thereof be- 
tween my beloved wife & Children. Being at this time of sound disposing mind 
& memory blessed be the almighty disposer of all our mercies for the same, I 
do make and publish this my last will and testament in manner following that 
is to say I will and direct all my just debts and funeral expenses fully discharged 
and paid as soon as may be after my decease. Secondly I give and bequeath 
unto my beloved wife Dinah Richardson her choice of one good feather bed bedding 



Children of Thomas and .^nn Wickersham : 

2. Humphry Wickersham'. 

3. Thomas Wickersham', born 7 mo. ig, i6gi ; married Abigail Johnson. 

4. John Wickersham', born 9 mo. 4, i6g:^. 

5. Ann Wickersham', born 2 mo. 27, 1696. 

Children of Thomas and Alice Wickersham : 

6. James Wickersham'. 

7. Alice Wickersham', born 7 mo. 14, 1701 ; married William Wilton. 

8. Richard Wickersham', born 8 mo. 11, 1703; married Catherine Johnson. 

9. William Wickersham', born 2 mo. 3, 1706; married Rachel Hayes. 

10. Elizabeth Wickersham', born 11 mo. 13, 1708'g; married Hugh Harry. 

11. Rebecca Wickersham', born 4 mo. i, 1715. 

12. Isaac Wickersham', born i mo. 28, 1721. 

3. Thomas Wickersham' (Thomas'), born at Bolney, England, 7 mo. 19, i6g! ; married, in 1719. 
Abigail Johnson, daughter of Robert and Margaret Johnson, of New Garden Township. 

The will of Thomas Wickersham, Jr., of Marlborough, yeoman, was dated December 23, 1726, and 
proved January 10. 1726 7. He devised the homestead to his wife Abigail, and mentions his children, 
his brother John, and sister Ann. (Chester County Wills, Book A, p. 214.) Abigail Wickersham ni. 
(2) Isaac Baily ; (3) Mordecai Cloud. 

Children of Thomas and Abigail Wickersham : 

13. Sarah Wickersham'. 

14. Hannah Wickersham', born 5 mo. 5, 1723; died 12 mo. 15, iSii ; married Joel Harlan. 

15. Robert Wickersham'. 

Johnson. 

" Robert Johnson, late of the Kingdom of Ireland, produced a Certificate from Carlow Monthly 
Meeting, which was read heard and exepted." is the entry under date of 12 mo. 5. I7i4'i5. in the records 
of Newark Monthly Meeting, held at Centre, in Chester County, Pennsylvania. 

Robert Johnson purchased two hundred acres of land in the northeast corner of New Garden 
Township. 

His wife was Margaret Berthwaite. The records of New Garden Monthly Meeting show that 
Joshua Johnson, son of Robert and Margaret Johnson (alias Berthwaite) was born at Coleboy, in the 
County of Wicklow, in the Kingdom of Ireland, on the 29th of the 7th month, 1696. 

The will of Robert Johnson, of New Garden, "Glazier," was dated i mo. 26, 1732, and proved 
November 28, 1732. He gives to his wife ^10 and to his son Benjamin three hundred and sixty acres 
of land ; to sons James, Joshua, and Robert, each ^20 ; and to daughters Abigail and Ann, ^15 each. 

The will of Caleb Johnson, of New Garden, was dated 4 mo. 26, 1728. and proved October i, 1728. 
It mentions brothers James, Joshua, Robert, and Benjamin; sisters Abigail, wife of Isaac Baily, of 
Marlborough, and Ann, wife of Samuel Jackson, late of Edgmont ; and his mother Margaret Johnson. 
His father Robert Johnson, of New Garden, " Glazier," is appointed executor. 

Abigail, daughter of Robert and Margaret Johnson, married, in 1719, Thomas Wickersham, Jr. 
After his death she married, i mo. i, 1728. at Kennett Meeting, Isaac Baily, and a third time, 9 mo. 30, 
1738, at the same .Meeting, Mordecai Cloud. She died in 1759. 

223 



d^enealogtcal ISccorDji of 91ocl BicljarDjson 

and bedstead, warming pan, Case of drawers spice box, large bible & her choice 
of my other books, I also give her household goods and furniture to the amount 
of Sixty Dollars her choice over and above the Articles above specified and her 
saddle and bridle &c a horse or mare her choice of my stock to her her heirs 
and assigns. I also give and bequeath unto my said beloved wife the sum of 
eighty dollars a year, to be paid unto her yearly & every year during her natural 
life as and for her yearly dower & in lieu thereof to be secured for her use & 
paid in the manner and at the periods hereinafter provided and directed. Thirdly 
my books not hereinabove desposed of I direct to be divided among all my Chil- 
dren share and share alike in value. Fourthl)' having sincere desires to dispose 
of my estate equitably among all my Children as aforesaid, in the first place I 
have endeavored to consider impartially, whether any thing or how much is 
really due from me to any of them for labor services or other matter or thing 
done or rendered to me after they arrive to age of Maturity, and on deliberate 
consideration not feeling myself concious of any thing due to any or either of 
them on that account, except to my daughter Lydia Richardson. I therefore proceed 
to make restitution to her on that account. And I do hereby give and bequeath 
to my said daughter for her labour and services after she arrived to the age of 
eighteen years, the sum of twenty dollars a year for every year she has or may 
continue to remain with me in an unmarried state & takes the care of house & 
business together with & exclusive of such other articles as has or may be 
denominated her own property : And as I have already given to m}' two daugh- 
ters Hannah Embre wife of Samuel Embre & Mary Webster wife of Joshua 
Webster each of them about the sum of one hundred and seventy four dollars 
in household goods & furniture : provided for them as an outsctting I there- 
fore give and bequeath to my said daughter Lydia Richardson exclusive of the 
above the amount of one hundred and seventy four dollars in household goods 
and furniture already provided for her or that may hereafter be provided. And 
these to be delivered to her at a reasonable equitable a]ipraisement price to make 
her equal with my other daughters in out setting. And I give the above to her, 
her heirs and assigns. Fifthly I will and direct the residue of my personal estate 
not herein before disposed of to be sold by my executors and the moneys arising 
therefrom to be appropriated as hereinafter directed. Sixthly Now touching 
my real estate containing Three hundred Acres of patented land (more or less) 
situate in the said township of Little Britain being described by surveys, plots, 
deeds, etc. My will and desire is that it be divided among mv five sons namely 
Joel, Samuel, Joseph, Isaac & Caleb Richardson or between three or two of 
them, to each a suitable portion as they may severally agree among themselves 
to strike the lines of division, by and with advice and assistance of eight dis- 
creet, judicious, disinterested Men Friends, to he nominated and chosen by my 
said five sons & three daughters or their representatives each party to choose one. 
and it shall be the duty of those eight men Friends so nominated & appointed 
to put a just equitable valuation on each anfl every share or Lot. Taking into 
consideration all advantages and disadvantages of each separately considered 

224 



(IBfenealogical EecorDjs of Sjoel ISicl^avDjson 

according to quantity, qualit\ & circumstance in order that neither of my said 
sons or daughters may or shall be wronged by over rating or under rating the 
same. If the foregoing method of distribution of my real estate should not be 
satisfactory to my said sons, and neither of them shall choose to have any part 
or portion divided ofT for them in manner aforesaid or if any residue remain 
undivided & distributed as aforesaid then or in either of the two last cases, I 
direct in the first of them the whole, & in the latter, the residue of my said Estate 
to be carefully & fairly put to public or private sale by my executors and sold for 
the best price that can be gotten and in the case of sale, I hereby authorize and 
empower my executors legally to convey & make title to the purchaser or pur- 
chasers for the same. But if disposed of in the first mentioned mode amongst 
my said sons or any of them then and in that case I direct the Title or Titles 
be made to each, by my heirs releasing respectively in legal form to such of my 
said son or sons as may become the purchaser or purchasers. And with respect 
to the payments to be made in this case & mode of distribution my will and desire 
is that each son becoming a purchaser shall give good and satisfactory security 
to such other & others of my said children to whom there shall or may be devi- 
dends to be paid, and that they make payments of the whole sum within four 
years thence next-ensuing such appraisement & valuation one fourth part thereof 
at the expiration of each year. Provided always nevertheless altho usury in 
the general use of it is inconsistant with my belief of the Gospel dispensation. 
Yet in the present case for the benefit & accommodation of my wife & children 
after my decease, my will is that the sum of thirteen hundred and thirty three 
dollars & one third of a dollar arising out of the sales of my land in either of 
the above mentioned methods of disposing of it, be secured by Mortgage, the 
interest of which being Eighty dollars a year, which said sum of eighty Dollars, 
I will and direct to be paid justly and faithfully to my said wife yearly and every 
year during her natural life by my executors hereinafter named, and in order 
to make her circumstances as easy as possible, I will and direct that my e.xec- 
utors pay unto her the sum of eighty dollars for support the first year after my 
decease, this sum is to be exclusive of her yearly dower above directed & is to 
be paid to her as soon as may be after my decease. Seventhly. As my intention 
is that in the distribution of my estate, my sons shall have one third more each 
than my daughters, I will and direct that the sum of one thousand three hundred 
& five dollars of the first moneys arising from the sales of my property real or 
personal, (after my debts are paid, and my wife paid the sum of Eighty Dollars) 
be appropriated to my five said sons the sum of two hundred & sixty one dollars 
to each of them in order to place them on equal footing with my daughters for 
what I have already advanced to Hannah & Mary & herein above willed to Lydia 
as & for outsetting. The Residue and remainder of my estate I will and direct 
to he (listril)uted & divided among all my children in the following proportions 
to each son one third more than to each daughter to use other words in the pro- 
portion of three dollars to each son & two dollars to each daughter and that all 
my children from time to time as moneys become due from the sales of my 

15 225 



dEfenealofiical EccorDss of SJocl ISicljarDjion 

personal and real estate they shall severally have and receive their just dividends 
in the aforesaid proportion. The thirteen hundred and thirty three dollars and 
one third directed to be placed at interest and secured in the land to raise their 
Mother's dower is also to become due and payable to them at the time of her 
decease and diviiled in the foregoing proportions. Eighthly Whereas I do not con- 
ceive anything due to cither of my children as just demands against me or my 
estate otherwise than as hereinbefore mentioned I therefore will and direct that 
whomsoever of them who may bring any charge against my estate after my 
decease, that sum be it more or less shall be deducted out of that childs share 
who may bring the charge. And moreover as I much dislike controversies & 
contentions I propose to all my children, that if any difference or dispute arise 
between my executors and other children, or between any of them respecting 
the distribution or settlement of my estate that the same be forth with settled 
by three discreet, judicious and disinterested Men friends to be chosen by the 
parties in dispute, whose award shall be final & binding on all parties to all 
intends and purposes & as fully as if determined in any Court of Justice This 
last paragraph of my will I direct to be scrupelously attended to, on the pain 
and penalty of forfeiture of the whole share or dividend of that son or daugh- 
ter who may go to law respecting the premises aforesaid. Lastly I nominate 
and appoint my two sons Samuel Richardson & Isaac Richardson executors 
of this my last will and testament hereby revoking all former wills by me 
made. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand & seal the twelfth 
day of the fourth Month in the year of the Christian Era eighteen hundred 
and Ten. 

(Signed) " Jcseph Richardson" [seal] 

Witnesses : Thomas Thomas, Isaac Webster, and Joshua Browne. 
The will was probated February 9, 1814.* 

Children of Joseph and Dinah Richardson : 

4. Joel Richardson', born 8 mo. 14, 1769; died 9 mo. 16, 1853; married Mary 

Killoiigh. 

5. Samuel Richardson', born 6 mo. 22, 1771; married Rebecca Webster. 

6. Hannah Richardson', born 8 mo. 2, 1773; married Samuel Embree. 

7. John Richardson', born 12 mo. 22, 1775; died unmarried. 

8. Joseph Richardson', born 4 mo. 22, 1778. 

9. Mary Richardson', born 2 mo. 22, 1780; died i mo. 3, 1819; married Joshua 

Webster. 

10. Lydia Richardson', born 5 mo. 16, 1785; died 6 mo. 8, 1845; married David 

Parry. 

11. Isaac Richardson', born 4 mo. 6, 1788; married Ann Carter. 

12. Caleb Richardson', born 12 mo. 5, 1792; married Sarah Newbold. 



Lancaster County Wills, Book K, vol. i. p. 579. 
226 



(Genealogical BecorDjs of 9Ioel lSicljarD)3on 

3. John Richardson- (Lawrence'), born 7 mo. 11, 1746; married (Christ 
Church, Philadelphia). September 27, 1770, Lydia Baker, born 10 mo. 25, 1751 ; 
daughter of Nehemiah and Lydia Baker, of Edgmont Township, (now) Dela- 
ware County. 

Children of John and Lydia Richardson : 

13. Nehemiah Richardson', born 6 mo. 11, 1772, in Strasbnrg Township, Lancaster 

County. 

14. Joseph Richardson', born 9 mo. 14, 1774, in Strasbnrg Township, Lancaster 

County. 

15. Mary Richardson', born 9 mo. 28, 1776, in Strasbnrg Township, Lancaster 

County. 

16. Samuel Richardson', born 2 mo. 27, 1779, in Strasbnrg Township, Lancaster 

County. 

17. Lydia Richardson', born i mo. I, 1782, in Strasbnrg Township, Lancaster 

County: married .Aaron Mendenhall. 

18. Hannah Richardson', born 4 mo. 29, 1784, at West Nottingham, Maryland. 

19. Faithful Richardson', born 11 mo. i, 1787, at West Nottingham, Maryland. 

20. Sarah Richardson', born 4 mo. 6, 1789, in Bethlehem Township, Washington 

County, Pennsylvania. 

21. John Richardson', born 12 mo. 9, 1791, in Bethlehem Township, Washington 

County, Pennsylvania. 

4. Joel Richardson' (Joseph-, Lawrence'), born 8 mo. 14, 1769, in Sads- 
bury Township, Lancaster County; died 9 mo. 16, 1853; married, about 1797, 
Mary Killough, who was born 11 ino. 14, 1766, and died 3 mo. 26, 1855. She 
was daughter of David and Margaret Killough, of Little Britain Township, 
Lancaster County.* Both Joel Richardson and his wife were buried at Columbia, 
Pennsylvania. 



* Killough. 

According to family tradition, the Killough family of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were of 
Scotch-Irish descent, and came from the north of Ireland. 

There is a small seaport town called Killough (or St. Ann's Port), in county Down, Ireland, on a 
bay of the same name, one and a half miles west-southwest of Ardglass. 

Records preser\'ed in the family state that David Killough' came to Lancaster County from 
Frederick County, Maryland, where he had probably lived but a short time. He was in Lancaster 
County in 1749, when witnessing the will of Samuel Killough, although he may not have been living 
there. 

The records of Frederick County show a deed of June 15, 1752, from Nathaniel Alexander to 
David Killough, of Frederick County, Maryland, for a tract of fifty acres called " Hopewell Cory" (?), 
part of land known as "Three Cousins," for which was paid ^25. (Frederick County Deeds, Book 
B, p. 645. ) 

David Killough purchased land in Little Britain, Lancaster County, on which he settled. This 
land was willed to his sons David and Thomas. He is said to have been forty years of age at the 
time of his death. 

WILL of D.WID killough. 

" In the name of God, Amen the second day of September in the year of our Lord 1761, I David 
Killough of Little Britain in Lancaster County Being very sick and weak in body, but of perfect mind 
and memory " &c. ..." First I give and bequeath to Mary my well beloved wife the third part of the 
land and house and all other benefits of the plantation I now live on during her natural life or widow- 
hood and no longer, and as for all my household goods and all other movables, I bequeath to her my 

227 



(Genealogical KecorDjs of Sjoel Htcl)arD!3on 

Joel Richardson was granted a certificate of removal from New Garden 
Monthly Meeting to Philadelphia, 3 mo. 2, 1793. His connection with Friends 
was broken at the time of his marriage. His wife and her family were Scotch 
Presbyterians, and he too joined the Presbyterian Church. 



beloved wife the third part. Likewise I allow all the rest of my estate to be e<iually divided amongst 
my sons and my two daughters Mary Ann and .^nn. and I further allow Ten pounds to be paid to my 
daughter Mary Ann above her Equal share shall be paid at the end of a year after my decease, and the 
rest of her part to be paid at the end of three years after. I bequeath to my son-in-law William Sitleall 
five pounds to be paid at the end of three years after my decease. I further allow that the rest of my 
children shall be paid their parts as they arrive at age. And if it please God to call any of them away 
by death before they arrive at Age, their parts are to be equally divided amongst ye rest of my children. 
I further allow ye plantation I now live on to belong equally to my two sons David and Thom.as they 
paying as before mentioned equal parts to the rest. I constitute, make and ordain my beloved wife 
Mary and my beloved son David to be my sole Executors of this my hast will and testament and I do 
hereby utterly disallow, revoke and disannul every former testament, will and legacies bequeasts or 
Ex"' by me before this time made, named, willed or bequeathed, and do ratify and confirm this and no 
other to be my last will and testament. 

" In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal ye Day and year first above written. I 
appoint James Boodley, Thomas Carmichael and Will Sitleall Guardians over my children. N. B. 
before signing I allow all my children to be in subjection to their mother until they come of age if she 
remain a widow and if not to be at ye ordering of the guardians that I have appointed. N. B. before 
signing I further allow that if my beloved wife be called away by death before my two youngest sons 
arrive at the age of ten years or alter her state by marriage, that the guardians I have appointed shall 
have a right to recover so much of my Exrs. as ye shall see proper to school and maintain them until 
they be at ye age of ten years and the same to be deducted out of that part of my estate that falls to 
them my two sons, Allen and Ebenezer." (Lancaster County Wills, Book B i, p. 358.) 

Witnesses : Thomas Carmichael and Nathaniel Browns. The will was probated September 30, 
1761. 

William Sitleall was probably the husband of Mary Ann Killough. 

Children of David and Mary Killough : 

2. Mary Ann Killough'. 

3. Ann Killough-. 

4. David Killough', married Margaret Stinson. 

5. Thomas Killough'. 

6. Allen Killough'. 

7. Ebenezer Killough', died without issue, in Georgia. 

8. Samuel Killough'. 

4. David Killough' (David'), made his will October 28, 1783. It was proved May 2, 1785. He 
married Margaret Stinson. 

According to the family record, there was in existence a few years since a deed from Mary, 
executrix of David Killough, Sr., and her son Thomas, dated in 1768, transferring the plantation (left 
by the said David Killough, Sr., to his two sons David and Thomas) to David Killough, Jr. 

Another family paper was an unsigned agreement, dated in 17S4, drawn up by David to rent to his 
brother Samuel Killough, a tract of two hundred and seventy-eight acres on the Oconee River, near 
Rockfish Landing, in Georgia. This had belonged to their brother Ebenezer, late a volunteer in a 
company of m,ilitia in the State of Georgia, and had come into the possession of David Killough as heir 
at law of Ebenezer Killough, deceased. 

WILL OF D.WID KILLOCGH. 

"In the Name of God Amen this 28th day of October 1783 I David Killough, of Little Britain 
Township Lancaster County in the State of Pennsylvania calling to my mind my mortality know- 
ing that it is appointed for all men once to die do make and ordain my last will and testament that 
is to say principally and first of all, I give my soul in to the hands of God that gave it, and for my 
body I recommend it to the earth to be buried in a christian like and decent luanner, nothing doubting 
but at the general resurrection I shall receive the same again by the mighty power of God ; and 

22S 



©cncalogtcal BccorUgi of 9!opI HtcljarDiEion 

The later years of his hfe were spent in CoKimbia, Lancaster County, where 
he was not engaged in business. 



touching such worldly estate wherewith it has pleased God to bless me with in this life I give, devise 
and dispose of the same in the following manner and form : First, I give unto Margaret Killough my 
well beloved wife the benefits and profits of all my estate both real and personal till my youngest child 
Ebenezer Killough arrive to the age of fifteen years old ; at this time it is my will that all my children 
out of the benefits and profits of said estate be boarded, clothed and schooled till they become to the 
age of fifteen years respectively free of all cost. Further I order all my sons to stay with their mother 
to help and assist her on the plantation to support the family till they arrive at the age of eighteen 
years respectively their mother giving them food and raiment convenient during said term of time. 
Secondly, it is my will that my two daughters Mary and Jean Killough be subject to their mother till 
they arrive to the age of twenty one years or be married. Thirdly, I give unto my two daughters 
aforesaid twenty five pounds apiece, or such furniture as their mother and they can agree upon to the 
above value of Twenty five pounds to each of them when they arrive to the aforesaid age or be married 
and that to be deducted out of their part when the estate is to be sold. Fourthly, I order all my estate 
both real and personal be sold at public vendue when the youngest of my children arrives at the age 
of fifteen years, and when the whole estate is sold I give unto my well beloved wife one third of it all, 
to be at her disposal during her life time and after her decease to be equally divided amongst my sons 
and daughters. Fifthly, it is my will that the other two parts of my estate after it is sold as aforesaid 
that it be equally divided amongst all my sons and daughters that are alive at the time of the sale of 
this my estate. Lastly I constitute make and ordain my wife Margaret Killough to be the whole and 
sole Executor of this my last will and testament ratifying & confirming this & no other but this to be 
my last Will and Testament and do hereby publish and pronounce this to be my last will and testa- 
ment in the presence of the subscribing witnesses the day & year above written. 

(Signed) " D.wiD Killough." [Seal] 

Witnesses: James Hannah, James McCuUy, and Francis Armstrong. 

This will was probated May 2, 1785, in Lancaster County. (Will Book E, vol. i. p. 217.) 

Children of David and Margaret Killough : 

9. James Killough', removed to Washington County, Pennsylvania, about 1794. 

10. David Killough', went to Kentucky and then to Tennessee, about 1800. 

11. Thomas Killough^, married (i) Patton ; (2) Betsey Campbell ; removed to Illinois with 

his son Robert in 1837. 

12. John Killough', married Margaret Porter. He was accidentally killed on his farm in 

Lancaster County in 1820. 

13. Samuel Killough', lived in Lancaster County; died August 26, 1836; married Elizabeth 

Carter. 

14. Ebenezer Killough', died in Fulton Township, Lancaster County, January i, 1852; married 

Nancy McConkey. 

15. Mary Killough', married Joel Richardson. 

16. Jane Killough', married and went West about 1800. 

John Killough, son of David and Margaret, received a patent for two hundred and twenty-one 
acres, thirty-eight perches of land in I-ittle Britain Township in 1809, the original of which is still in 
existence. 

Those bearing the name of Killough in Te.xas, Alabama, and Mississippi are probably descended 
from David, 3d, and his brother Thomas. 

There is recorded in Lancaster County the will of Samuel Killough, of Pensborough Township, 
dated October 22, 1749. In it are mentioned his wife Mary, and his two children " Ezeckell and 
Chearety." His brother John Killough and Neald McFall were made e.xecutors. Witnesses: Charles 
Killgore and David Killough. Samuel Killough was doubtless a near relative of David Killough. 

Note. — Thanks are due for information given in regard to Killough family to John Killough. of 
Clinton, Illinois, grandson of John and Margaret (Porter) Killough, and to Mrs. I. C. Miller (Henrietta 
Killough Miller), of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, granddaughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Carter) Kil- 
lough. 

For children of Robert (son of John and Margaret (Porter) Killough) and his wife Sidney (Hoopes) 
Killough, see " Sharpless Genealogy," p. 1186. 

229 



(Bicncalogical ISccorDiS of Sjocl BfcljarDjSon 

A small volume, carefully preserved by his descendants, has inscribed 
upon its fly-leaf: "Presented to Joel Richardson by his good friend Anthony 
Benezet." 

WILL OF MARY RICHARDSON. 

" I, Mary Richardson of West Henipfield Township, Lancaster, Pa. widow 
of the late Joel Richardson, deceased, do make and publish this my last will and 
testament, hereby revoking and making void all former wills by me at any time 
heretofore made. And first I direct that my body be decently interred in the 
burying ground where my said husband now reposes, and that my funeral be 
conducted in a manner corresponding with my estate and situation in life. And 
as to such worldly estate as it has been pleased God to entrust me with. I dis- 
pose of the same as follows. First I direct that all my debts and funeral expenses 
be paid as soon after my decease as possible out of the first moneys that shall 
come into the hands of my executor hereinafter named. I also give and devise 
unto my daughter in law Eliza Richardson, wife of my son George Richardson 
All that certain messuage or tenement and lot of ground situate in McConnells- 
ville in the County of Morgan and State of Ohio known on the general plan of 
said village by Lot number seventy nine, together with all the appurtenances 
to hold to her my said daughter in law for and during all the term of her natural 
life, she paying the taxes and keeping the buildings in repair, and at her decease 
the above described premises shall fall to the children or issue of my said son 
George Richardson by his present wife Eliza to whom I have devised the above 
premises during life. And should the said Eliza survive the issue of my said 
son George by her the said Eliza, then I direct that the said above described 
premises go to the issue of my son Ebenezer Richardson, to be divided equally 
amongst them. 

"Also I direct that all the balance of my estate, real, personal or mixed, 
except that above described and devised to the said Eliza Richardson &c. be 
equally divided amongst my two children (my son George having already 
received his full share) Ebenezer Richardson of York County and Mary Conk- 
lin, wife of Henry Conklin of Lancaster County, Pa. 

" And I do hereby make and ordain my second son Ebenezer Richardson 
above named Executor of this my last will and testament. In witness whereof 
I Mary Richardson, the testatrix, liave to this my will written on one sheet of 
paper, set my hand and seal this thirty first day of October in the year of our 
Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty three. 

(Signed) " Mary Richardson" [seal] 

Witnesses: Peter Weller and Nicholas Hougendobler. 
The will was probated April 9, 1855.* 



* Lancaster County Wills, Book V, vol. i. p. 852. 
230 



dEfencalosfcal BccotDjS of 9joel Btcl^arluson 

Children of Joel and Mary Richardson : * 

22. Margaret Richardson*, born 4 mo. 30, 1798; died young. 

23. George Richardson*, born 7 mo. 17, 1800; died 10 mo. 21, 1873: married Eliza- 

beth Harkless. 

24. Ebenezer Richardson*, born 3 mo. 27, 1802; died 3 mo. 10, 1861; married Mary 

(Litzenberger) Eberlein. 

25. Mary Richardson*, born 11 mo. 25, 1804; died 12 mo. 27, 1885; married Henry 

Conklin. 

26. David Richardson*, born 5 mo. 25, 1807; died 1842, in McConnellsville, Ohio; 

unmarried. 

5. Samuel Richardson' (Joseph-, Lawrence'), born 6 mo. 22, 1771 ; mar- 
ried, II mo. 6, 1794, at Little Britain Meeting, Rebecca Webster, daughter of 
William and Margaret Webster, of Little Britain Township. They resided in 
Little Britain Township, Lancaster County. 

Children of Samuel and Rebecca Richardson: 

27. Hannah Richardson*. 

28. William Richardson*. 

29. Ruth Richardson*. 

30. Rebecca Richardson*. 

31. Margaret Richardson*. 

32. Lydia Richardson*. 

33. Mary Richardson*. 

34. Samuel Richardson*. 

35. Eliza Richardson*. 

36. Martha Richardson*. 

37. Anna Richardson*. 

38. Joseph Richardson*. 

6. Hannah Richardson" (Joseph^ Lawrence'), born 8 mo. 2, 1773; mar- 
ried, 5 mo. II, 1796, at West Grove Meeting, Samuel Embree, born 3 mo. 7, 1772; 
son of James and Phebe Embree, of West Bradford Township, Chester County. 

Children of Samuel and Hannah Embree : 

39. Lydia Embree', married Robert Miller. 

40. Joseph Embree', married Rebecca Clendcnnin. 

41. Phebe Embree', married William Patton. 

42. John Embree*, married (i) Ave Maris; (2) Hannah . 

43. James Embree*, married Grace . 

44. Jesse Embree*, married Mary Dennis. 

45. Israel Embree*, married Mary Ann . 

46. Isaac Embree', married Elizabeth Williams. 

47. Samuel Embree'. 

7. John Richardson' (Joseph-, Lawrence'), born 12 mo. 22, 1775; was 
drowned in Gunpowder River. He never married. 



* Dates from family records. 
231 



dBfcncalogtcal 5SccorD0 of 9;ocl EicljarDjSon 

9. Mary Richardson^ (Joseph", Lawrence"), born 2 mo. 22, 1780; died 
I mo. 3, 1819; married, 3 mo. i, 1798, at Little Britain Meeting, Joshua Webster, 
of Little Britain, son of William and Ann Webster, deceased. They resided in 
Little Britain. 

Joshua Webster married, second, 7 mo. 5, 1820, Hannah Reynolds, by whom 
he also had children. 

Children of Joshua and Mary Webster: 

48. Eliza Webster*. 

49. Cyrus Webster'. 

50. Samuel Webster'. 

51. Joshua Webster'. 

52. Mary Ann Webster*. 

53. Lydia Webster*. 

54. William R. Webster*. 

10. Lydia Richardson^ (Joseph-, Lawrence"), born 5 mo. 16, 1785; died 
6 mo. 8, 1845; married, 12 mo. 17, 1817, David Parry, son of John and Rachel 
Parry. They lived in Drumore Township, Lancaster County, where the wife died. 

David Parry had married, first, Elizabeth Ely, by whom he had several 
children. 

Children of David and Lydia Parry: 

55. Samuel Parry'. 

56. Elizabeth Parry*. 

57. Sarah Parry*. 

58. David Parry'. 

59. Joseph Parry'. 

60. Ruthanna Parry', married Garrett Amoss. 

11. Isaac Richardson' (Joseph-, Lawrence"), born 4 mo. 6, 1788; mar- 
ried, 4 mo. 20, 1825, Ann Carter, born 8 mo. 28, 1793; daughter of Samuel and 
Ruth Carter, of Nottingham, Chester County. They resided for some time in 
Little Britain, whence they removed, about 1828, to Clark County, Ohio. 

Children of Isaac and Ann Richardson : 

61. Ruth Richardson', married Clarkson Cause. 

62. Hannah Richardson', married Ricliard P. Gausc. 

63. George C. Richardson', married Lucy Stark. 

64. Caleb J. Richardson', married Clara B. English. 

12. Caleb Richardson-' (Joseph". Lawrence"), born 12 mo. 5. 1792; mar- 
ried Sarah Newbold. They had one son who died before his father. 

23. George Richardson'' ( JoeP, Joseph", Lawrence"), born 7 mo. 17, 1800; 
died 10 mo. 21, 1873; married 8 mo. 24, 1844, Elizabeth Harkless, born 1815; 
died 4 mo. 23, 1865. 

2.32 




EBENEZF.R RICHARDSON 



(Bcncalogfcal KccorbiS of Jotl Btcljavusjon 



George Richardson removed to McConnellsville, Ohio, where he engaged in 
business. Both lie and his wife died and were buried there. 

Children of George and Elizabeth Richardson : * 

65. Anna Elizabeth Richardson", married M. W. O. Conklin. 

66. Sarah Frances Richardson", married George William Murray. 

24. Ebenezer Richardson* (JoeP, Joseph", Lawrence'), born 3 mo. 27, 
1802; died 3 mo. 10, 1861 ; married, 3 mo. 26, 1827, Mary (Litzenberger) Eber- 
lein, widow of Frederick Eberlein.f and daughter of Adam and Hannah Litzen- 
berger. t 



*■ From family records. 

t Frederick Eberlein and Mary Litzenberger were married June 27, 1820, at York, Pennsylvania, 
by Rev. Robert Cathcart. They had one son, Adam Eberlein, born November 5, 1823. 

X Litzenberger. 

1. Adam Litzenberger' married* Hannah Gardner, daughter of Valentine and ,'\bigail Gardner 
of Martic Township, Lancaster County. 

According to tradition, Adam Litzenberger, a hemp merchant, came to Lancaster County, Penn- 
sylvania, from Germany. He is said to have been a very large man, and to have met his death by 
being thrown from a horse. His widow married Peter Livergood, and lived in Columbia. They 
belonged to the Lutheran Church. 

Adam Litzenberger took the oath of allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania, at Lancaster, on 
November 6, 1778. (Penna. Archives, second series, vol. xiii. p. 442.) 

George Litzenberger, who took the oath of allegiance on July 2, 1778, and who married Grace 
Coats, at Swedes Church, Philadelphia, on March 27, 1780, was probably a near relative to Adam 
Litzenberger above mentioned, and may have been father to the .^dam Litzenberger who was a private 
in Captain William Morgan's company in the First Brigade, Third Division, Pennsylvania militia, in 
the war of 1S12. 

Adam Litzenberger, of Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, farmer, made his will 
December 4, 1811. It was proved on the 21st of the same month. In it are named wife Hannah, and 
money due from her father's estate, and also his minor daughters, Frances and Mary. 

Children of Adam and Hannah Litzenberger : 

2. Frances Litzenberger', married (i) Jacob Livergood; {2) John Smith; (3) Robert Smith. 

3. Mary Litzenberger^, married (i) Frederick Eberlein; (2) Ebenezer Richardson. 

Gardner. 

1. Salome Gardner', widow, married Dewalt Smith. The will of Dewalt Smith, of Conestoga 
Township, Lancaster County, blacksmith, was dated May 14, 1774 ; and proved April 3, 1780. (Book 
D, p. 189.) To his wife Salome was bequeathed for life a tract of sixty acres of land in Conestoga 
Township; to son William, five pounds ; to son Frederick, the blacksmith's tools, if he learned the 
trade. The remainder of the estate, after the wife's death, was to be divided between his sons Wil- 
liam, Frederick, Adam, and Philip, and his wife's sons Valentine and Jost Gardner. 

The share of Jost Gardner in the estate, either by death or purchase, became vested in his brother 
Valentine, who thus owned two-sixths of the land, amounting to about one hundred acres. 

Children of Salome Gardner : 

2. Jost Gardner''. 

3. Valentine Gardner', died 1S04 ; married Apolonia or Abigail . 

3. Valentine Gardner' (Salome'), of Martic Township, Lancaster County, tanner, died intestate 
in October, 1S04, leaving a widow Apolonia or Abigail (the names being synonymous), and seven 
children of full age, who are named in a petition presented by Valentine Gardner, Jr., at an Orphans' 



• Adam Litzenberger married, January i, 1789, at St. Michael's and Zion Church, Philadelphi.i, Hannah Weid- 
man. Quer>' : Was this a previous marriage, or some one else of the same name ? 

233 



(Genealogical HecortJjJ of ^otl Bicl)avti!Son 

Ebenezer Richardson was educated in Lancaster. He afterwards owned 
and operated a large flour mill in Lancaster County, which he sold in 1845, and 
removed to York, where he engaged in the coal business. He resided for a time 
on his farm west of York, but later on South George Street. Mary, wife of 
Ebenezer Richardson, was born December 18, 1806; died May 7, 1889. Both 
were buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery, in York, Pennsylvania. 

A portrait of Ebenezer Richardson is owned by Samuel Small, York, Penn- 
sylvania. 

The will of Ebenezer Richardson, dated August 11, i860, ordered that his 
executors should settle his estate as soon as practicable after his decease, and in 
the mean time make suitable provision therefrom for the support and main- 
tenance of his wife. To wife Mary were bequeathed such of the household 
articles as she might wish to retain, the balance to be sold in case the children 
could not agree to divide it among themselves. To wife Mary for life, or as long 
as she remained his widow, the house and part of a lot on the east side of South 
George Street in the Borough of York, wherein he was then residing. In case 
she desired to sell the property, the executors were empowered to dispose of the 



Court held March 25, 1805, which sets forth that Valentine Gardner had owned eighty acres, more or 
less, in Martic Township, described as being bounded by Pequea Creek and lands of Edward Brien, 
Esq., and Abrm. Weifell. The petitioner asks that a valuation be put upon the property, which was 
done, and accepted by him, upon which he probably took possession. 

By deed of September 3, 1805, Valentine Gardner, of Martic Township, farmer, David Gardner, of 
Conestoga Township, and Elizabeth his wife, Philip Gardner, of Martic Township, Joseph Gardner, of 
Rapho Township, saddler, and Margaret his wife, .'\dam Litzenberger, of Manor Township, and 
Hannah his wife, being children of Valentine Gardner, deceased, one of the devisees of the will of 
Dewalt Smith (Salome Smith, who had a life interest in the property, being dead), sold the one hun- 
dred acres formerly belonging to Dewalt Smith, to Robert Coleman. 

Adam Smith, of Baltimore County, Maryland, and Frederick Smith, of Jefferson County, Virginia, 
who had probably come into the possession of the rights of the other Smith brothers, had, before the 
date of the above deed, transferred their interests in the property to the Gardner heirs, who were thus 
enabled to make full title. 

On June 3, 1712, Valentine Gardner, one of the sons of Apolonia Gardner, late of Rapho Town- 
ship, Lancaster County, deceased, presented to the Orphans' Court a petition which set forth that the 
said Apolonia Gardner died possessed of a lot on Charlotte Street in the town of Manheim ; that her 
heirs were four sons and two daughters,— to wit, Valentine ; David, who lived in Cumberland County ; 
Joseph, who lived in York County ; Philip ; Sarah, wife of Lewis Stonerode, living in Mifflin County ; 
and Hannah, widow of Adam Litzenberger, they being the legal representatives of their brother 
John Gardner, who had died, and who had lived out of this State. 

The September Court ordered John Eberle, administrator of the estate of Apolonia Gardner, to 
sell the property, which .sale was afterwards reported. 

The Gardner graveyard contains among others the gravestones of Philip Gardner, died in 1830, 
aged forty-nine years ; Valentine Gardner, died August 24, 1849, aged eighty years, six months, and 
nineteen days ; and Elizabeth, wife of Valentine Gardner, born July 4, 1780 ; died January 13, 1867. 

Children of Valentine and Apolonia Gardner : 

2. John Gardner', died before June 3, 1812. 

3. Valentine Gardner', of Martic Township; married Elizabeth . 

4. David Gardner', of Conestoga Township; married Elizabeth . 

5. Philip Gardner', of Martic Township. 

6. Joseph Gardner', of Rapho Township ; married Margaret . 

7. Sarah Gardner', married Ludwig or Lewis Stonerode. 

8. Hannah Gardner', married Adam Litzenberger. 

234 




%. -. 



FRANCES ANN RUHARDSON 
I MRS, SAMVlfcL :^.MALL) 



(Bcncalogical ISccorDsJ of 3Ioel Btci^arDiEJon 

same, to invest the proceeds in good investments, and pay to her the interest during 
her life or widowhood. The rest of his property was to be sold by the executors, 
as soon as possible without sacrificing it. Three thousand dollars were to be 
invested in good real estate securities and the interest paid to the widow. To his 
daughter Frances Ann, wife of Samuel Small, Jr., one hundred and forty-five 
dollars out of the estate were to be paid to equalize her share with that of his two 
other children. The rest of the estate after deducting the aforesaid securities was 
bequeathed to his three daughters, — Hannah G., wife of John H. Houser, Mary 
Emma, wife of John George Eisenhart, and Frances Ann Small, — in equal shares. 
The executors were his three sons-in-law, John George Eisenhart, John H. 
Houser, and Samuel Small, Jr. Signed in the presence of David Landes, Jr., 
and George M. Shetter. 

Children of Ebenezer and Mary Richardson : 

67. Hannah Gardner Richardson", born 3 mo. 27, 1828; married John H. Houser, 

of York County, born 2 mo. 11, 1827; died II mo. 12, 1867. Children: 
i. Emma Augusta Houser", married George Billmeyer. 
ii. Alice Houser", died young. 

68. Mary Emma Richardson", married, 3 mo. 12, 1851, John George Eisenhart, 

died 9 mo. 24, 1894, after a short ilhiess. Buried in Prospect Hill Ceme- 
tery. Child: 

i. Clarence E. Eisenhart", married Meta Folke. 

69. Frances Ann Richardson', married Samuel Small, of York, Pennsylvania. (See 

Small Record, page 93.) 

70. John Killough Richardson", born 9 nio. 14, 1836; died 2 mo. 11, 1800, at York, 

Pennsylvania; unmarried. Buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery. 

71. Caroline Richardson", died young. 

72. Amelia Richardson", died young. 

73. Henrietta Richardson", died young. 

25. Mary Richardson* (JoeP, Joseph-, Lawrence'), born 11 mo. 25, 1804; 
died at York, Pennsylvania, 12 mo. 27, 1885; buried at Prospect Hill Cemetery; 
married Henry Conklin, of Lancaster, who was a grain merchant. 










Slppmtiix 



LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. i. 

Paris, August 20, 1840. 

De.\r F"riei\d, — In accordance with my promise to you before I left York, 
I take the present opportunity of giving you a brief account of my tour since I 
left London. On the 20th of July I started, in the Steamer " Soho," for Antwerp, 
in Belgium, where I arrived next day after a passage of twelve hours. I remained 
in Antwerp about seven hours, during which time I visited all the objects of 
interest which the place presents, among which, I would mention first, the 
Cathedral, said to be the largest and most beautiful specimen of architecture 
in the Netherlands. This church is five hundred feet long and two hundred 
and fifty feet wide ; and is surmounted by one of the loftiest steeples in the world, 
four hundred and sixty-six feet high, and of such beautiful and delicate Gothic 
work, as to have elicited from the Emperor Charles V. the remark, that " it 
deserves to be kept in a case!" I ascended nearly to the top by five hundred 
and sixteen steps, and enjoyed an extensive prospect of the surrounding low 
country. The interior of the church is beautiful, and contains some of the 
choicest specimens of painting in the world, among which is Reubens's celebrated 
piece, " The Descent from the Cross." I next visited the citadel, so remarkable 
for the siege it endured in 1832, under General Chasse. I was informed that 
sixty-three thousand projectiles were thrown by the French into the fort at that 
time. After visiting the Museimi (containing numerous paintings by Reubens, 
Vandyke, and other great masters), the Bourse (or Exchange), and several 
fine churches, we started for Brussels, by railway- 
Brussels is twenty-six miles from Antwerp. It is the caiiital of the kingdom 
of Belgium, with a population of one hundred thousand. It contains the King's 
Palace, the palace of the Prince of Orange, and " the Chambers," all handsomely 
built of white freestone and very extensive. The Park is a large enclosure in 
the centre of the town, laid out with avenues of trees, and ornamented with 
numerous statues. It is used as a promenade by the inhabitants. 

Our party, consisting of two gentlemen from New York and myself, hired 
a carriage for the purpose of visiting the battle-ground of Waterloo, about twelve 
miles distant from Brussels. Here we were shown, by one of the numerous 
guides who are in attendance on the ground, the exact positions of the different 
armies at the time of the battle, and the several monuments which have been 
erected to designate the most important situations. Ainong the principal ones 
are, the Mound of the Belgic Lion, a vast tumulus two hundred feet high, 

236 



appcntiijr 



beneath which tlie bones of friend and foes he heaped indiscriminately together. 
A fliglit of steps leads up to the top. The lion was cast from cannon taken in 
battle ; it weighs forty-eight thousand pounds, and stands over the spot where 
the Prince of Orange was wounded. We ascended to the top, from which we 
had a perfect view of the whole field of battle. There are three others erected 
in different spots, — one in commemoration of the Prussians who fell in battle, 
one for the German legion, and one for General Gordon. 

On our return we stopped at the village of Waterloo, and visited the house 
in which the Duke of Wellington wrote his despatches after the battle. We 
then proceeded through the forest of Soignies to Brussels. 

The next morning we set out in a French " diligence" for Paris. A " dili- 
gence" is one of the most uncouth looking vehicles for the purpose you can 
imagine. The running part is about as heavy as one of our broad-wheeled turn- 
pike wagons. The body, which is in perfect keeping with the running part, is 
divided into three separate apartments, — the front part, or coupe, the centre, or 
intcricur, and the rotondc, behind. There is also a covered seat on the top called 
the banquette. The seats are all different in price. Fifteen of us, beside the 
driver and conducteur, were comfortably seated in and upon the ponderous 
vehicle, and were hurried along a turnpike, paved in a manner similar to 
the streets in our cities, at a rate of seven miles an hour. The whole route, 
from Brussels to Paris, two hundred and five miles, is travelled in thirty-one 
hours. In our journey we passed through four or five strongly fortified towns, — 
Mons,* celebrated for its extensive coal mines ; Valenciennes ; f Cambrai, the 
Episcopal see of the venerable Fenelon, author of " Telemaque ;" and Perronne. 

Without seeing them, you can scarcely have an idea of the manner in which 
these cities are fortified. They are completely surrounded by a high bastion 
built of the most substantial masonry, with a moat on the outside, and the top 
surmounted by cannons. 

The land along our route appeared to be in a high state of cultivation. The 
harvest, which was just about to be taken oiT, was very abundant. There are 
several things connected with the appearance of the country that seem strange 
to me. Among them is the absence of all fences, hedges, or farm-houses, for 
a wide extent of country— sometimes for miles. The farmers here all dwell in 
villages, about six or seven miles distant from each other, and are obliged in 
many instances to travel half that distance to their plantations. I wished that 
some of our farmers in York County could but see the difference betvveen the 
farming utensils used by the French and Belgians and those in use among them- 
selves. The wagons, like the diligences, are very large and cumbrous, — tires at 



* Mons is an old city, belonging successively to the Spaniards, tlie Austrians, and the French, It 
is the capital of the province of Hainaut, It is witliin the present boundaries of the kingdom of Bel- 
gium. (Eds. Gazette.) 

t Valenciennes derives its name from Valentinian I., by whom it was founded about the year 367. 
It is over fourteen centuries old. It is situated upon the Scheldt. It was taken by the allies in 1793, 
and restored to the French in 1794. (Eds. Gazette.) 

237 



appcitDijr 



least eight inches broad and wheels to correspond. An ordinary wagon will 
carry from eighteen thousand to twenty-five thousand pounds ; they are gener- 
ally drawn by five horses, two hitched to the tongue and three abreast in the 
lead. The collar and harness generally are large and clumsy. 

I am astonished to perceive the manner in which the Sabbath is kept by 
these people. It is generally regarded as a day of fun and frolic. Passing 
through several towns on our road, we saw the very church-yards filled with 
people of all descriptions, — some gaming, others dancing, some listening to a 
harlequin, while others were anuising themselves with the bow and arrow, a 
common diversion here. I understood that the Sabbath is generally spent in 
this way on the continent, and I have found it so in Paris, and so far as I have 
travelled. 

On the 3d of August I arrived in Paris, and having disposed of my business, 
I commenced lionizing. I can give you but a brief account of the numerous 
places I visited in this most interesting metropolis. The first two places to which 
a stranger in Paris is shown are the Gardens of the Tuileries and the Palais 
Royal. The first, including the Champs Elysees and Place de la Concord, is 
said to be unrivalled in the world. Here the inhabitants of this immense city 
repair every evening to amuse themselves, either by walking in the gardens 
through ranges of orange-trees, miles in length, or by witnessing the almost 
innumerable games practised in the Champs filysees. The whole field is some- 
thing more than two miles in length, and about three hundred or four hundred 
yards wide, all regularly planted with choice trees and adorned with statuary. 
Six or eight fountains are placed at ditYerent spots, several of which are con- 
stantly playing. The Palais Royal is a large building in the form of a parallelo- 
gram, with a court or yard seven hundred feet long by three hundred feet wide, 
planted with rows of trees in the direction of its greatest length, and two oblong 
flower-gardens are placed in the middle, separated from each other by a circular 
basin of water with a fine jet d'eau. The building was originally used as a palace 
by Cardinal Richelieu, but is at present rented away in small shops by its pro- 
prietor, the Due d'Orleans, with the exception of the one side used by himself. 
The whole is remarkable for the splendor of its shops and cafes, and the endless 
variety of articles exposed for sale therein. It is justly said that there is nothing 
calculated to please the eye, ear, or taste that cannot be purchased in the shops 
and restaurants of the Palais Royal. 

I next visited the gallery of painting and statuary in the Louvre. Think 
of one room twelve hundred feet long with its sides adorned with the best col- 
lection of ancient and modern paintings : this room, large as it is, is only about 
one-fifth the area of the whole. 

On Sunday, being a day here when the public are admitted, I visited Ver- 
sailles, to see the King's Palace, the most extensive building of the kind in France. 
To give you the least idea of its splendor and magnificence, its vast extent, and 
beautiful avenues and gardens, would be impossible. Two hundred millions of 
dollars, it is said, have been expended upon the buildings and grounds. I walked 

238 



appenDijc 



through suites of rooms, whose walls were covered with paintings, a distance of 
four or five miles. I returned to Paris in the evening by the railroad, a distance 
of sixteen miles. Next day I visited the Triumphal Arch, begun by Napoleon, 
and lately finished ; its dimensions are one hundred and fifty-two feet in height, 
one hundred and thirty-seven feet long, and sixty-eight feet wide ; the height of 
the figures is eighteen feet. 

The church of Alagdalen (£glise de la Madeleine) is built on a plan similar 
to that of the Girard College, surrounded by a peristyle of fifty-two Corinthian 
columns sixty feet in height and seven feet thick. The interior of the church 
is magnificent, the ceiling and cornices are of the most elaborate workmanship, 
and entirely covered with gold. 

I also visited the Hospital of Invalids, the Bourse or Exchange, Garden of 
Plants, the Palaces of the Tuileries and the Duke of Orleans — in fact, after a resi- 
dence of fifteen days I had ample opportunity of seeing nearly all the objects of 
interest here. 

Before I close this account I must give you some account of the manner in 
which strangers, and, indeed, the great body of the French, live. In the metrop- 
olis they rise about eight or nine o'clock in the morning, take a breakfast of cofifec, 
bread, and about two eggs. At four or five o'clock in the afternoon they repair 
to a restaurant, where for two francs, about thirty-seven and a half cents of our 
money, they may have soups, the choice of four dishes out of a hundred, a dessert, 
and half a bottle of wine, after which they retire to a cafe to take one or two 
cups of coffee ; this done, they are ready either for a walk in the garden of the 
Tuileries, or for a seat in one of the operas or theatres. 

To-morrow I shall leave this place for Strasburg. From thence I shall 
proceed to Frankfort and Heidelberg, where I expect to meet Mr. Lewis Miller. 
He and Mr. Hertzog separated from me in London. Mr. Miller will travel 
with me through Germany as far as Geneva, where I expect to meet Mr. William 
S. Campbell, and with him cross the Simplon to Italy. This gentleman and his 
brother James Campbell, of New York, have been in our company since we left 
New York, and have conduced in no small degree to render my tour as pleasant 
as it has been. 



Yours truly, 

Alex. Small. 
York Gasette, November 3, 1840. 

LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 2. 

Frankfort-on-the-Main, August 30, 1840. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

My last letter, dated from Paris, I presume you have received. I will con- 
tinue my narrative, and give you a brief account of Germany and its peculiarities, 
as far as I have had an opportunity of seeing it. I booked my name for the 
coupe of a French diligence and left Paris on the 20th of August for Strasburg, 

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where I arrived on the afternoon of the 22d, travelling a distance of three hun- 
dred and thirty-one miles in three days and two nights, without being able to 
converse with a single creature in the company. On my journey I passed 
through a number of fortified cities and villages, among which was Epcrnay, 
celebrated for its champagne wine. I stopped a few hours in the city of Nancy, 
to visit its remarkable places. I saw hero the old and handsome palace of the 
Prince of Lorraine, a handsome statue of Stanislaus in bronze, and the public 
promenade common to every French town. I remained in Strasburg a day. 
This city contains about sixty thousanil inhabitants and a garrison of six thou- 
sand men. The principal and most interesting building in the town is the Min- 
ster, one of the noblest Gothic edifices in Europe, remarkable for its spire, the 
highest in the w'orld, rising four hundred and seventy-four feet from the pave- 
ment, twenty-four feet higher than the great pyramid of Egypt. I ascended to 
the top, from the summit of which there is a fine view of the rich district around, 
with the Black Forest of Germany on one side and the Vosges Mountains of 
France on the other, in the distance. The whole external part of the building, 
including the spire, is most elaborately carved, and in a perfect state of preser- 
vation ; in the front of the church there is a circular window of elegantly stained 
glass fifty feet in diameter, and rising to the height of two hundred and thirty 
feet, fifty feet higher than the spire of the Lutheran church at York. The most 
remarkable things in the interior are the pulpit of carved stone and the famous 
clock, now being repaired by a clock-maker of .Strasburg. The Lutheran Church 
of St. Thomas is a handsome specimen of Gothic architecture ; it contains the 
monument of Marshal Saxe, erected to his memory by Louis XV. It repre- 
sents the General descending to the grave, while France, personified by a beautiful 
female figure, endeavors to detain him, and at the same time to stay the threaten- 
ing advance of death ; the whole is looked upon as a very fine piece of sculpture. 
I visited the arsenal, a very extensive establishment, containing fire-arms for 
one hundred and sixty thousand men, and upward of one thousand brass cannon. 
In the foundry here I saw the whole process of casting and boring them. Stras- 
burg is the place where the celebrated pates dc foie gras, or goose-liver pies, 
are made, which when in season constitute one of the principal articles of traffic. 
The livers are enlarged to an unnatural size by the cruel process of shutting the 
birds up in dark coops, too narrow to allow them to turn, and stuffing them twice 
a day with corn ; nearly every house in town has its coop. The liver, by this 
process, has been known to attain the weight of two and even three pounds. The 
duty on them in England is very heavy. I left Strasburg in a rctour coach for 
Baden, a distance of thirty-six miles, crossing the Rhine over a briflge of boats into 
the grand duchy of Baden. The town of Baden is beautifully situated at the foot 
of the hills forming the commencement of the Black Forest range, and contains 
about five thousand inhabitants. It is considered one of the most fashionable 
watering-places in Germany, and in season is visited by an immense number of 
persons — up to this time the number of visitors amounts to over fifteen thousand, 
principally English. The neighborhood aiYords almost endless gratifications in 

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the beauty of its prospects. Walks have been made for miles in every direction 
through the forests and up the surrounding hills. The Hot Springs, thirteen in 
number, burst out of the rocks at the foot of the castle terrace. The temperature 
of the water is nearly boiling. At the one end of the town is the Conversations 
Haus, a handsome building with a Corinthian portico surrounded by gardens 
and pleasure-grounds. This is the grand focus of attraction for all the visitors 
of Baden, and is said to be the most splendid establishment of the kind in 
Germany. It includes a very large and splendid assembly-room, where there is 
dancing three times a week, a theatre, reading-room, and restaurant. In the 
afternoon the walks and colonnades in front of the Conversations Haus are 
crowded with people, sipping cofifee and ices, or smoking. The whole space is 
covered with chairs and tables, and a band of music is stationed near. The 
gambling-tables in the great hall are now opened, and numbers of ladies and 
gentlemen are seated around to make or lose a fortune. The whole Conversations 
Haus is rented for the annual sum of two hundred and ninety thousand guilders, 
about one hundred and sixteen thousand dollars of our money. While here I 
visited the castle of the Duke of Baden. It is a large, though ugly, building, 
only remarkable for its situation and the curious dungeons beneath it. In one 
of the subterranean chambers, called the rack chamber, a row of iron rings, 
forming part of the instrument of torture, still remains : in the passage adjoin- 
ing there is a well or pit in the floor, formerly covered with a trap-door. The 
prisoner upon whom doom had been passed was led into this passage and re- 
quested to kiss the image of the Virgin, which was no sooner done, than the trap- 
door gave way and he was precipitated to a great depth below, upon an instrument 
armed with knives, by which he was lacerated to pieces. In the Hall of Judg- 
ment the stone benches upon which the judges sat still remain. 

I left Baden on the 25th for Heidelberg, passing through the villages of 
Rastadt, Dummenheim, and Ettingen. and stopped all night at Carlsruhe. This 
is the seat of government of the grand duchy of Baden, and contains about 
twenty-two thousand inhabitants. It is a beautiful place, and is regularly built 
in the form of a fan. The main streets all radiate from the palace, and all have 
paved sidewalks, a rare convenience in German towns. Carlsruhe owes its origin 
to the accident of the Margrave Charles of Baden building a hunting-seat here 
which he called Carlsruhe, or Charles's rest. In the centre of the principal 
square is a pyramid of red sandstone, under which the founder is buried. 

Passing through the villages of Durlach, Weingarten, Bruchsal, and Longen- 
bruecken, I arrived at Heidelberg, rather a good-looking town, with a population 
of about thirteen thousand. The most prominent object here is the Castle, 
anciently the residence of the Electors of Palatine, now one of the most imposing 
ruins in Europe. It is said to have been three times burnt and ten times to have 
experienced the horrors of war; it was last set on fire by lightning in 1764, 
since which time it has never been rebuilt. It is an immense structure, and appears 
to have been strong enough to resist both the efifects of time and war. The 
walls in many places are more than twenty feet thick, and of such substantial 
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masonry that the mass has more the appearance of solid rock than anything 
else. One of the towers which formed the outer defences of the castle was under- 
mined and blown up by the French, but so thick were the walls and so strongly 
built that though nearly the whole of one side was detached by the explosion, 
instead of crumbling to pieces, it merely slid down from its place in one solid 
mass, where it still remains. 

The gardens and shrubberies round the castle afford the most agreeable 
walks ; their great height aiTords an elegant view of the Neckar and the distant 
country. 

The church of St. Peter is remarkable, because Jerome of Prague, the com- 
panion of Huss, attached to its door his celebrated theses, while at the same 
time he expounded the reformed doctrines to a multitude of hearers assembled 
in the church-yard. 

I left Heidelberg next day for Worms, passing through Manheim, a beau- 
tiful city regularly laid out with streets crossing each other at right angles, and 
arriving in Worms in the evening of the same day. This was once an Imperial 
city, with a population of thirty thousand, but now containing not more than 
about eight thousand. It has a decayed and inanimate aspect. Worms was the 
seat of the celebrated Diet of 1521, when Luther appeared before Emperor 
Charles V. and the assembled princes, to declare his adhesion to the reformed 
doctrines. The Lutheran church stands on the place formerly occupied by 
buildings in which the Diet was held. Near Pfififiigheim, and not far from 
Worms, stands Luther's elm-tree, under which he is said to have made use of 
that celebrated expression that he " would go to Worms, even though there 
were as many devils within its walls as there were tiles on the houses." Imme- 
diately below Worms, outside the walls, though once included within them, is 
the ancient church of Our Lady (Liebe Frau). Around it is the vineyard which 
produces wine called " Liebfraumilch." 

From Worms I passed through Frankcnthal to Mayence. This is a strongly 
fortified city on the western side of the Rhine, near its junction with the Main. 
It is garrisoned by eight thousand Prussian and Austrian troops. This city was 
formerly the residence of the archiepiscopal elector of the empire : he above 
all other electors had the right of placing the crown upon the head of the 
emperors. He was premier prince in the German empire, and his revenue is 
said to have been immense. I was informed here that when he and his priest- 
hood had been reproved by the Pope for their luxurious habits, they replied, 
" We have more wine than is needed in the mass, and not enough to turn our 
mills with." 

Mayence was the birthplace of John Gensfleisch, called Gutenberg, the 
inventor of printing. A bronze statue of him, modelled by Thorwaldsen, stands 
in an open space, opposite to the theatre. The house in which he was born, and 
his first printing office, still exist here. 

From Mayence I came by railroad to Frankfort, where I have, for the 
present, established my head-quarters. This is one of the most lively and elegant 

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of all the German cities in which I have been. A great many houses in the new 
part of the town are literally palaces ; indeed, every part of the place is remark- 
able for the beauty of its buildings and the cleanliness of its streets. The most 
remarkable object here is the Dom, or Cathedral, built in 1300, the building in 
which the emperors of Germany were crowned. In the election chapel, adjoin- 
ing the Cathedral, the emperor was chosen. He was afterwards crowned in 
front of the high altar. The church contains a number of curious monuments, 
among which is that of the Emperor Gunther, who is buried here. The Town- 
House, also called the Romer, is an ancient building, remarkable as the scene 
of the festivities attending the election. 

Frankfort is the birthplace of the Rothschild family. The house in which 
they were born is in the Judengasse (Jews Street). It is still inhabited by the 
mother of the family, who refuses to leave it for a more princely mansion. 

As far as I have travelled through Germany, I have been well pleased with 
the general appearance of the country. The land is well farmed, and the crops 
are abundant. The same practice (of farmers living congregated in villages) 
which I remarked in France also prevails here. No farmer lives on his acker; 
in fact, he cannot, for his land is generally scattered over the country in a dozen 
different places in strips half a mile long and not more than twenty or thirty 
feet wide. The country resembles more a garden laid off in long beds than 
anything I can compare it to. The duchy of Baden, or rather that part of it 
between the Black Forest and the Rhine, is what we would in our country call 
river bottom, and it is almost a perfect level for two hundred or three hundred 
miles. The roads, which are excellent, are planted on both sides with walnut- 
trees, of which an excellent oil is extracted, and the hills bordering upon the 
Black Forest are covered with vineyards. The peasantry here all wear cocked 
hats. 

I find the generality of German inns to be far better than I expected. They 
are large and extensive establishments, handsomely and, in some instances, 
gorgeously furnished. Their table d'hote is generally of the first order. The 
first course consists of soup, then five or six different kinds of fish, each of 
which you are asked to partake of, your plate being changed for every dish ; 
after fish, beef and veal ; then half a dozen sorts of vegetables ; then pastry, 
such as pound-cake, custard, etc. Here you think they are about to close, but no 
sooner is this course finished than an abundance of game, from venison down 
to partridge, is served up, after which you close with peaches, pears, nuts, and 
plums. The time generally consumed in eating your dinner is about one and a 
half or two hours. Each person is allowed half a bottle of wine at dinner. The 
expense of such a dinner is about fifty cents of our money. In addition to all 
this you have Ihe pleasure of enjoying the music of a first-rate orchestra in 
some places. The dinner is generally served up at one o'clock, and is the only 
meal at which all the guests sit together. The breakfast is taken in your private 
room, consisting of coffee and a roll of bread with butter. For supper you 
may meal a la carte, that is, upon anything you choose to call for. A bill of 

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fare consisting of thirty or forty dishes is handed to you as soon as you seat 
yourself at the table, of which you make your selection. 

I start next Wednesday for Innspruck, the capital of Tyrol, in Switzerland, 
and will probably pass through Wurzburg, Nuremburg, and Stuttgart. I will 
write again when I arrive at Geneva, before my departure for Italy. 

Yours truly, 

Alex. Small. 
Y'ork Gaaettc, November, lo, 1840. 

LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 3. 

Munich, September 12. 1840. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

I left Frankfort on the thirty-first of August for Nuremburg, passing through 
the village of Dettingen, celebrated for the battle gained by the Austrians and 
English over the French in 1743, on which occasion George the Second of 
England, commanded in person. A little farther on is the town of Aschaffen- 
burg, containing a very handsome palace, in which the King of Bavaria at 
present resides. 

Leaving Aschafifcnburg I passed through the forest of Spessart, one of the 
largest in Germany, and part of the great primeval Hercynian Forest,* described 
by Csesar in his Commentaries. About midnight I passed through Wurzburg, 
and arrived at Nuremburg in the afternoon. This city was once the greatest 
and wealthiest of all the free Imperial cities. Formerly, it is said, Nuremburg 
contained a population of seventy thousand ; it now numbers but forty-three 
thousand inhabitants. Everything about the city bears the aspect of former times. 
It is still surrounded by walls fifty feet high, enclosed by a ditch one hundred 
feet wide. Nuremburg contains many objects of interest to a traveller. Among 
the principal of these may be classed the church of St. Sebald, a large Gothic 
edifice built in 1337. This church contains numerous sculptures by Adam Kraft; 
the most remarkable object, however, in the building is the shrine of St. Sebald, 
in the centre of the church, executed by the distinguished artist, Peter Vischer. 
The relics of the saint repose in an oaken chest, bound with silver plates. The 
high altar is an elaborate piece of workmanship, with a crucifix and figures of the 
virgin and St. John, by Viet Stoss. The religion is Lutheran. The church of 
St. Lorenz (also Lutheran) is the largest in the city. It was built in the year 
1280. The portal at the west end between the two towers is remarkable for 
the richness of its decoration, and is surmounted by a magnificent circular window 
of an ancient colored glass. One of the principal ornaments in the building is 



* The Forest of Hercynia covered all of the vast surface upon which are situated Switzerland, Basel, 
Spires, Transylvania, and a great portion of the Russian Empire. Spessart Forest, in the Bavarian 
Circle of the Lower Main, is the largest tract that is left standing of all that once covered more space 
than, according to Coesar, could be traversed in ninety days. Spessart covers about three hundred 
thousand acres. The trees are principally oak and beech. (Eds. Gasellf.) 

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the Sacraments Haeuslein, or repository of the sacred water, a spire of open 
Gothic work, and most elegantly carved, sixty-four feet high, all of stone, sup- 
ported on the shoulders of three kneeling figures, said to represent Adam Kraft 
and his two apprentices, who executed it. A large and elegant Gothic altar, 
surmounted by a gilt crucifix as large as life, has recently been put up. Although 
a Lutheran church, candles are kept burning upon the great altar during service. 
Besides the great altar, the church contains seven side altars. 

The church-yard of St. John is another remarkable object, containing about 
three thousand gravestones, all regularly numbered, and decorated with handsome 
bronze plates. Among the number I saw the graves of Albert Diirer and Hans 
Sachs. The road from the town gate to the church-yard is planted at regular 
distances with seven stone pillars, each representing, in bas-relief, a scene in the 
passion of our Saviour. It is said they were set up by a certain Martin Kitzel, 
to represent the way along which our Saviour passed from the houses of Pontius 
Pilate to Mount Calvary. Kitzel is said to have made two pilgrimages to Jeru- 
salem, to ascertain the exact distances. The house in which he lived, and which 
is still standing, was to represent Pilate's residence. Albert Diirer's house is 
still standing. A handsome bronze statue by Thorwaldsen has recently been 
erected near it. The Gymnasium, or high school, founded by Melancthon, whose 
statue stands in front of it, is still continued. 

During my stay at Nuremburg I had an opportunity of witnessing a grand 
military display of Bavarian troops. Sixteen thousand were encamped near the 
city. They perform their evolutions every morning. So far as I am capable of 
judging, the manoeuvres were well executed. 

Taking all things into consideration, it was the finest military sight I ever 
saw. The uniforms of the cavalry, and particularly of the cuirassiers, were very 
superior. 

As Strasburg is famous for its celebrated goose-liver pies, so is Nuremburg 
for its very superior sausages and ginger-cakes. The latter article is manu- 
factured here in abundance and sent abroad. In the exhibition of domestic manu- 
factures for the kingdom, I saw one as large as the dining-room table. I took 
several opportunities of testing the virtues of the sausages, and must bear witness 
to their excellence. The best are obtained at a small shop near the church called 
the Glockly. Two sausages about four inches long and a plate of sour-crout 
will cost six kreutzers — about four cents. I spent four days pleasantly at Nurem- 
burg. The kindness and attention shown to me by several citizens, whom I can- 
not have an opportunity of repaying, was indeed gratifying. Mr. Charles 
Nestman and Mr. Schlag (junior) were good enough to show me all the remark- 
able places. The former resided about five years in the United States, speaks 
the English language well, and is a genuine republican at heart. The soil around 
the city is naturally poor and sandy, but by the industry of the people it has 
been rendered quite productive. Upon the whole I have been as well pleased 
with Nuremburg as with any place I have yet visited. Besides what I have men- 
tioned, it contains many other objects of interest to a stranger, and more than 

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that, a generous and kind-hearted population. I booked my name on the 6th 
of September for Stuttgart, one hundred and fifteen miles distant from Nurem- 
burg, passed through Anspach, Swabish Hall, a dirty looking town of about 
seven thousand inhabitants (the money called Heller is said first to have been 
coined here, and hence to have derived its name), Wurtemroth, Backnang, Warb- 
lingen, and arrived at Stuttgart next day. This is the capital of the kingdom of 
Wiirtteniberg and contains about thirty-five thousand inhabitants. The palace is 
near, a freestone edifice, with a splendid garden and walks extending nearly two 
miles distant from it, along the bottom of a valley towards Rosenstein. Some 
of the orange-trees around the circular basin of water are a foot in diameter. 
I visited among other things the royal stud-house, an immense building adjoin- 
ing the palace. It contains some of the finest horses in Europe. I would sup- 
pose that there were over five hundred horses in the stables, two of which I was 
informed the king had recently purchased in England for four thousand dollars 
a pair. Each color has its separate apartments. I left Stuttgart next day for 
Ulm, stopping all night at Kirchheim. Ulm is distinguished in modern history 
for the disgraceful surrender of the place by General Mack to the French in 
1805. The only interesting object here is the Cathedral, a large and majestic 
Gothic edifice about four hundred years old. The church is four hundred and 
sixteen feet long, one hundred and sixty-six feet wide, and one hundred and 
forty-four feet high from the pavement to the ceiling, and contains, like that at 
Nuremburg, a tabernacle of Gothic filigree-like stone-work, ninety feet high. 

The next place on my route was Augsburg, rather a good-looking place, but 
containing little to interest a traveller. Augsburg is historically remarkable as 
the seat of many diets. One in 1555 first granted toleration to the Lutherans. 
The Palace is a large building, now used for government offices, and is remark- 
able, because in it the famous declaration of the Protestants called the Augsburg 
Confession of Faith was first promulgated. The Algcmeine Zeituiig, the most 
widely circulated paper in Europe, is published here. The proprietor is the 
bookseller, Baron Cotta. I took occasion to visit the printing establishment. It 
employs about one hundred hands and has five steam-power presses, three of 
which are double presses ; the printing and management of the presses are all 
done by small boys. 

From Augsburg I proceeded to Munich, the capital city of Bavaria, situated 
on the river Isar. Its population is at present over one hundred thousand. The 
city may be divided into two parts, the old town and the new town. The old 
part resembles the German cities in general, but the new is decidedly the most 
splendid and magnificent city I have seen in all my travels. The Ludwig strasse 
is unparalleled in Europe. Imagine a street about three times as wide as our 
Main street and about a mile in length, with a row of buildings, each of which 
is a palace in appearance, and you may have some faint conception of it. The 
greater part of the buildings are constructed of white freestone. Munich is not 
only remarkable for the beauty of its majestic buildings, with their multiform 
orders of architecture, but for the purpose for which they were erected and 

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the works of art they contain. The Glyptothek, or gallery of sculpture, is an 
immense building filled with the choicest specimens of ancient and modern 
sculpture. Twelve large apartments are appropriated for the exhibition of 
sculptures, and are termed Egyptian, Etruscan, Eginetan, Hall of Apollo, Hall 
of Bacchus, Hall of the Sons of Niobe, Hall of the Gods, Trojan Hall, Roman 
Hall, Hall of Colored Sculpture, and Hall of Modern Sculpture. The wails 
are of scagliola of the richest colors, the floors are polished marble, and the 
ceilings are decorated with fresco paintings and gildings. 

The Pinachothek, or picture gallery, is another large building, containing an 
immense collection of choice paintings by the best masters. The faqade above 
the portico is surmounted by twenty-five statues of the greatest painters, executed 
by Swanthaler, a celebrated German artist. Fifteen hundred paintings are con- 
tained within the numerous halls. 

The chapel of All Saints also deserves to be mentioned. It is built in what 
is called the Byzantine style of architecture, something like the Gothic, but with- 
out painted arches. The ceiling is painted in fresco on a gold ground, and the 
walls are polished marble and porphyry in mosaic. 

The Gymnasium, a building recently finished, is a large and beautiful build- 
ing six hundred feet long and three hundred feet wide ; it is intended for a public 
school. Munich contains several handsome monuments, — one a colossal bronze 
statue of the late King Max. Joseph ; another an equestrian statue of Maxi- 
milian I., formed out of the cannon taken from the Turks. 

The improvements of the city, including the erection of the splendid public 
edifices it contains, have been planned under the immediate auspices of the present 
enlightened King of Bavaria, by the eminent artist Van Klenze, and the expenses 
of their erection have been defrayed out of the privy purse of the king. 

On Tuesday next I shall leave this place for Innspruck, in the Tyrol. From 
thence I shall go to Geneva, in Switzerland. By this route I shall have an oppor- 
tunity of viewing the most interesting scenery of the Alps. The distance between 
the two places is nearly five hundred miles, between mountains covered with 
perpetual snow and ice. Like my friend Smyser, I have often longed for the 
company of some kindred spirit from my own native place, to share the enjoy- 
ment of the tour. 

Yours truly, 



Alex. Small. 



York Gazette, Tuesday, November 17, 1840. 



LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 4. 

Geneva, October 3, 1840. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

I left Munich for Innspruck on the i6th of September, passing by the lakes 
Tergensee and Achensee. The carriage-road along the eastern margin of the 
latter, under the colossal precipice of the Gamyoch, is a mere shelf cut into the 

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rock, and so narrow that it is impossible for two carriages to pass each other. 
The scenery of the lake is in the highest degree romantic and picturesque, 
hemmed in by precipices and overlooked by mountains perpetually covered with 
snow. The whole distance between the two cities (Geneva and Innspruck), is 
one hundred and eight miles, one-half of the road lying among the Tyrolean 
Alps. Innspruck, the capital of Tyrol, is situated on the banks of the Inn, in one 
of the most beautiful valleys in the world, whose sides are formed by mountains 
from six thousand to eight thousand feet high, and whose tops, although several 
miles distant, seem to overhang the town. The city itself does not possess many 
objects of interest to a traveller. The most noteworthy is the Franciscan church, 
containing the tomb of the Emperor Maximilian I. A high marble sarcophagus 
in the centre of the church supports the kneeling figure of the emperor, while on 
each side stands a row of tall bronze figures, twenty-eight in number, represent- 
ing distinguished persons of the House of Austria. The sides of the tomb are 
ornamented with twenty-four bas-reliefs, representing as many important events 
in the life of Maximilian, carved in fine Carrara marble, in workmanship not 
surpassed by that of an ancient cameo. On the top of the entrance is tlie grave 
of Andrew Hofer, over which is a marble statue of " the patriot of Tyrol," erected 
by the late Emperor of Austria. 

From Innspruck I passed to Constance, a distance of one hundred and eighty 
miles. The road, nearly the whole distance, is constructed along the sides of 
stupendous mountains, many hundred feet above the valley, and so narrow that 
the carriage is generally not more than a few feet from the edge of the precipice. 

Near Stuben we crossed the pass of the Arlberg, the highest point of the 
road, being six thousand two hundred feet above the sea. A body of snow 
twenty feet deep covers the earth in this region, during the whole winter. We 
encountered a snow-storm on the summit, during our passage. 

Tyrol, from the elevation of a great part of its surface, must of necessity be 
a grazing country. The wealth of its inhabitants lies principally in their cattle 
and the manufacture of cheese. Crops of rye, corn, oats, etc., are cultivated in 
the valleys, and as high up the sides of the mountains as the climate will permit, 
and from thence to the region of perpetual snow, herbage of the most nutritious 
kind, though somewhat scanty, is found. Early in the spring, when the cows 
are first driven from the stable, they are confined to the lower part of the valley ; 
but as the lower meadows become exhausted, and the snow disappears from 
the higher regions, they are driven upward. The highest pastures, which they 
reach late in the summer, are buried under the snow the whole year, with the 
exception of eight or ten weeks. On the sides of the mountains, at various 
altitudes, are numerous small cottages. These are the dwellings of the cowherds, 
who live above the clouds. This son of toil is banished from the haunts of man 
for six or eight months in the year. His labors are arduous and constant. He 
has to collect eighty or ninety cows twice a day to be milked, to make cheese, 
and keep the utensils in the most perfect state of cleanliness. Toward the latter 
end of September the cows are driven from the mountains into the valleys, for 

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the winter. While I was at Innsbnick, I had an opportunity of witnessing a 
vaccine procession. " The pride of the tiock" marched in front, the others follow- 
ing in single file. The noise of the numerous bells is not unlike the music of 
our " handelian bands." Behind the cattle walks the cowherd, in a shirt that has 
not been changed during the whole period of his high life ! He is followed by 
the proprietor in a neat cart laden with cheese and butter. 

At Bregenz I bid adieu to Tyrol and its beautiful mountain scenery, and 
embarked on board a steamer for Constance. This is a decayed city on the 
western extremity of the Bodensee, or Lake of Constance. It is the capital of the 
Seekreis (Circle of the Lake), in the grand duchy of Baden. In the Hall of 
the Kaufhaus, at Constance, the celebrated Council of Constance, by which 
John Huss and Jerome of Prague were condemned to be burned, held its sittings. 
The chairs occupied by the Pope and the emperor, the Bible of Huss, the door 
of his dungeon, and the hurdle on which he was dragged to execution still 
remain in the hall. I left Constance for Basel, stopping at Schafifhausen long 
enough to see the celebrated Falls of the Rhine. The town of Basel is one of 
the strongholds of Protestantism in Switzerland. The minster contains the 
tomb of Erasmus, who died here in 1536. The next town on my route was 
Zurich, remarkable as the place at which, in 15 19, the Reformation commenced 
in Switzerland under the auspices of that celebrated reformer, Ulrich Zwingli. 
The house in which he lived is still standing. The old arsenal contains a cross- 
bow, said to be that with which William Tell shot the apple from his son's head. 

On my way to Bern, I took Lucerne into my route, for the purpose of 
ascending Mount Righi, an excursion that nearly every traveller in Switzerland 
makes. This mountain lies between the lakes of Zug and Lucerne, and is more 
remarkable for its isolated position than for its height. It afYords an uninter 
rupted view on every side. The height of the mountain above the level of the 
sea is five thousand seven hundred feet, and above the lakes four thousand five 
hundred feet. The length of the path by which I ascended to the summit is 
between seven and eight miles ; so that in every mile of my progress in the path 
I gained six hundred feet in -elevation. The view from the culm, or top, is 
magnificent. The panorama is said to extend over a circumference of three 
hundred miles, in which are included eleven lakes, that appear like pools — some 
almost like water spilled upon the earth. 

On the north side is the town of Zug, and immediately behind it rises the 
spire of the church of Kappel, where Zwingli the Reformer fell in battle. On 
the western side lies Tell's chapel, on the spot on which he shot the tyrant 
Gessler. On the south and east are spread the eternal Alps, in one unbroken 
ridge of peaks and glaciers. I remained on the summit over night, and in the 
morning, after a cup of coffee, I commenced my descent on foot, and in two 
hours reached Weggis, at the foot of the mountain, on the lake. Here I hired 
a boat, in which I crossed the lake to Lucerne, whence I started on the same day 
for Bern, which city I reached at midnight on the 27th of September. 

Bern is the capital of the largest Swiss canton, and the seat of the Swiss 

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Diet alternately with Zurich and Lucerne. It is quite a handsome city, and has 
the peculiarity that almost all the houses rest upon arcades, which furnish 
covered walks throughout the whole town. The houses are nearly all built of 
massive white stone. The town is abundantly furnished with fountains, each 
surmounted by some droll effigy. One of these, called the Kinderfresser-Brun- 
nen,* receives its name from a figure [of a man] devouring a child, with others 
stuck in his pockets ready for consumption. The armorial bearing of the town 
is a bear, and the fondness of the inhabitants for the animal or its effigy is very 
remarkable. You find Monsieur Bruin on the coins, fountains, sign posts — 
almost everywhere. Three living bears are maintained here at the public expense. 
The connection between the city and the animal is accounted for by an ancient 
tradition, that on the day on which Berthold, Duke of Zahringen, laid the founda- 
tions of the city, he slew an enormous bear upon its destined site. 

I left Bern on the 28th for Fribourg. This place is the capital of the 
canton of Bern. Its population numbers about eight thousand. The most 
remarkable objects, and, indeed, one of the most extraordinary efforts of skill, 
are the suspension bridges, the longest of the kind in the world. They are 
supported by cables of iron wire, each containing one thousand and fifty-six 
wires. The length of one is nine hundred and five feet, breadth twenty-eight feet, 
and height from the water one hundred and seventy-four feet. Each bridge is 
constructed with a single span. Another object of interest is the church of St. 
Nicholas, with its curious bas-relief over the principal portal, representing the 
Last Judgment. In the centre stands St. Nicholas ; on one side is an angel weigh- 
ing mankind in a large pair of scales, by lots, and a couple of little devils are 
endeavoring to pull down one scale and make the other kick the beam ; below 
is St. Peter ushering the good into Paradise ; on the other side is a devil with 
a pig's head dragging after him, by a chain, a crowd of the wicked, and with a 
basket on his back filled with figures which he is about to precipitate into a 
cauldron suspended over a fierce fire, while two imps are engaged in stirring 
the contents of the cauldron. 

I left Fribourg on the 29th for Geneva, which city I reached on the same 
day. Independently of its situation, Geneva has not much to interest the traveller. 
It is, however, the great focus of attraction for travellers of all nations, being 
the headquarters of all those who pass from Paris to Italy. Thirty thousand 
travellers pass through Geneva annually. 

I will leave Switzerland on Monday or Tuesday for Milan, in Italy. I regret 
that the advanced state of the season compels me to leave it so soon. There are 
many places in this interesting country that a traveller should not omit to see. 
At this time, however, when most of the Alpine passes are covered with snow, 
it is both uncomfortable and dangerous to traverse them. My route to Italy will 
be over the Simplon, one of the most stupendous roads ever constructed by man. 
On my journey I shall probably visit the Mountain of St. Bernard, which is about 



' " Kinderfresser," anglice, child-eater. 
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a day's journey from the main road, and will send you a detailed account of the 
road, as far as I shall be able to describe it. 

I must assure you, my dear sir, that although I have seen much to amuse 
and delight me in the several countries through which I have passed, I am con- 
firmed, at every step, in my attachment to the free institutions of our own 
glorious republic. An American traveller learns to appreciate the blessings of 
his own country, as he visits those where human rights and human liberty are 
more circumscribed. He observes that there are many countries where equal 
rights and privileges are not enjoyed by rich and poor, where petty princes and 
a haughty aristocracy wallow in wealth and luxury, taken from the hard earnings 
of their subjects. Witnessing the oppressions that are heaped by man upon his 
fellow-man, hearing those oppressions justified by the laws and institutions of 
the countries through which he passes, and hearing even the victims of tyranny 
abjectly defending the tyranny of their rulers on the ground that they are nobly 
or royally born ( ! ! !), the traveller from the great Western Republic feels a 
thrill of grateful emotion that he can claim the proud title of " ax American 

CITIZEN." 

Yours truly. 



Alexander Small. 



York Gazette, Tuesday, November 24, 1840. 



LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 5. 

Venice, October 25, 1840. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

My last letter, dated at Geneva, contained a detailed account of my progress 
and the objects of interest on the way up to the time of my arrival at that place. 
Since then, so many things of interest have crowded themselves upon me, that I 
am not able, in the confined limits of a letter, to give you anything but a cursory 
account of a few out of the multitude of things I have seen on my way. 

I left Geneva on the 6th inst., in a carriage, for Milan, in Italy, a distance of 
two hundred and fifty miles. We travelled upon the road constructed by Napo- 
leon over the Simplon, acknowledged by all to be one of the most wonderful 
artificial roads in the world. The construction of this road was decided upon by 
Napoleon immediately after the battle of Marengo, while the difficulties of his 
passage over the great St. Bernard were fresh in his memory. Its construction 
occupied a period of six years, during part of which time thirty thousand laborers 
were employed at once upon it. The number of bridges on the road (including, 
of course, all culverts) is said to be six hundred and eleven! There are also 
numerous terraces of massive masonry, miles in length, ten galleries cut out of 
the solid rock or built of stone, and twenty houses of refuge for the shelter of 
travellers. The breadth of the road is from twenty-five to thirty feet, and the 
inclination nowhere exceeds six inches in six and a half feet. The cost of the 
road averaged twenty-five thousand dollars per mile. The second day after our 

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departure we arrived at Martigiiy, where we left our carriage for the purpose of 
making an excursion to Mount St. Bernard, distant about twenty-seven miles 
from Martigny. There we hired a light vehicle called a char, in which we were 
conveyed as far as Liddes, a small town about equidistant from Martigny and 
the Hospice on the summit of the Mount. From this place the journey must be 
accomplished by mules. We seated ourselves, each upon a mule, and, accompanied 
by two guides, commenced the ascent, passing through a most dreary and sterile 
country, among mountains rising on every side to the heights of eight or ten 
thousand feet. We at length reached the Hospice, situated on the very summit 
of the pass — a dwelling in the clouds, eight thousand two hundred feet above the 
level of the sea, and^in the region of perpetual snow. 

Here, in the practice of the most disinterested benevolence, resides a com- 
munity of monks, who devote the best time of their lives to the service of their 
fellow-men, rescuing them in seasons of danger, when, without their aid, many 
a wayfarer would inevitably perish. There are usually ten or twelve monks 
here. These men enter upon this dangerous and self-sacrificing service at the 
age of eighteen, and few survive the period of their vow, — fifteen years from 
the time they enter the Hospice. No remuneration is asked of those who par- 
take of their hospitality, though it is the usual practice of all visitors who can 
afiford it, and who partake of their kindness, to deposit something in the charity- 
box of the chapel. In seasons of danger they are obliged to be constantly on the 
watch, traversing the mountain-path on each side, accompanied by their dogs. 
The dogs often roam alone, day and night, to trace out the victim buried in 
snow. They lie on the stiffened body of the traveller to impart warmth, and bark 
for assistance, or, if too far from the monastery to be heard, they return for aid. 
We saw one dog here that had saved the lives of twelve persons. 

Near the Hospice is a small building called the Morgue, in which are 
deposited the bodies of those who are found dead. The extreme cold and the 
evaporation at this height prevent the usual decay. Many have dried up and 
withered, and on some even the clothes have remained for years. Upon this 
rocky and frozen soil the dead could not be buried. 

You can have no idea of the difficulties which these men have to encounter 
in supplying themselves with the necessaries of life. Firewood is one of the most 
important articles, as the consumption of it is necessarily large. Not a stick 
grows within six miles of the Hospice; all the wood is brought from a forest 
twelve miles off', and twenty-three horses are constantly employed during the 
coldest season, upon whose backs every stick must be carried, as the nature of 
the roads (or rather the absence of any road), precludes the use of a vehicular 
conveyance. 

After partaking of an excellent dinner at the Hospice, our party returned 
to Martigny, to resume the journey to Milan. 

On the evening of the fifth day of our journey we arrived at Brieg. where 
the ascent of the Simplon begins. Here the road winds its tortuous way along 
the sides of the mountains to tiie summit. The magnificent work does not fully 

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develop itself until it reaches the fifth refuge, which is about two miles from 
the summit. I recalled to mind the rich description of Johnson. " Here," he 
remarks, " a picture of desolation surrounds the traveller. The pine has no 
longer the scanty pittance of soil which it requires for nourishment; the hardy 
but beautiful Alpine flower ceases to embellish the sterile solitude, and the eye 
wanders over snow and glacier, fractured rock, and roaring cataract, relieved 
only by that stupendous monument of human labor, the road itself, winding 
along the edges of precipices, penetrating the primeval granite, striding over the 
furious torrent, and burrowing through dark and dripping grottoes beneath 
accumulated masses of ice and snow." 

That part of the road between the fifth refuge and the summit is the most 
dangerous, on account of the numerous avalanches which fall here in the winter 
and spring, on which account there are provided six places of shelter, three 
galleries cut out of solid rock, two refuges, and a hospice. The latter building 
is on the summit, and is conducted in a manner similar to the Hospice on the great 
St. Bernard. 

From this point the road descends in the same tortuous manner until it 
reaches Domo d'Ossola, at the foot of the mountain. The scenery on the Italian 
side is infinitely more grand and sublime than on the Swiss side. The greater 
part of the road is cut out of solid rock, reaching almost perpendicularly to the 
height of five or six thousand feet. 

Before you reach Domo d'Ossola, you enter the Gorge of Gondo, one of the 
grandest and most savage of the Alps. A little distance on a vast projecting 
rock juts out from the mountain, seeming to block up all further passage. 
Through this rock a tunnel, six hundred feet in length, has been excavated. 
This, called the Gallery of Gondo, is the longest cut on the whole line. It required 
the incessant labor of more than one hundred workmen, day and night, to pierce 
a passage in eighteen months. In order to facilitate the progress of the work, 
the engineer caused two lateral openings to be made, so that the rock could be 
attacked in four places at once. The miners employed to make the lateral exca- 
vations were let down from the summit of the precipice to the point at which they 
were to operate, and there suspended, until they had wrought in the perpendicular 
face of the rock a foothold or lodgement, in which they could continue their attack 
upon the flint barrier that once seemed to salute the traveller with a command 
to " halt," an injunction that nothing but gigantic enterprise would have thought 
of disobeying. 

The whole distance over the mountain, from Brieg to Domo d'Ossola, is 
forty-two miles, the greater part of which I traversed on foot, in order that I 
might have a more perfect view of the great Simplon road. 

We remained at Domo d'Ossola until morning, when we proceeded on our 
journey as far as Arona, a small town on Lake Maggiore. On our way we 
visited the celebrated Borromean Islands. The principal island, Isola Bella, is 
the residence of Count Borromeo, a descendant of St. Carlo Borromeo, and is 
certainly one of the most delightful places I ever beheld. Matthew extols it as 

2S3 



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the " magic creation of labor and taste — a fairyland which might serve as a 
model for the gardens of Calypso." It consists of ten terraces, rising in a pyram- 
idal form, one above the other, adorned vk'ith statues, vases, and obelisks. Upon 
these terraces flourish oranges, citrons, pomegranates, aloes, cacti, camphor- 
trees, sugar-cane, coffee-plants, and, in fact, almost every tropical plant, in the 
open air, and this within a short distance of the Lapland climate of the Simplon, 
and within view of the Alpine snows.* 

This island was originally nothing but a barren slate rock, and every handful 
of mould upon it was brought from a considerable distance. 

Not far from Arona stands the bronze statue of St. Carlo Borromeo, sixty- 
six feet high, on a pedestal of marble forty feet high. Four persons can sit 
around a table in the head of the statue. 

Continuing our journey, we arrived next day at Milan, the capital city of 
Lombardy. This city contains about one hundred and thirty thousand inhabitants, 
and is one of the handsomest and most important in Italy. Its principal attrac- 
tion is the Cathedral, or Duomo, which is, next to St. Peter's at Rome, the largest 
church in Italy. Its dimensions arc as follows: length, four hundred and eighty- 
si.x feet: breadth or depth, two hundred and eighty-nine feet: height, two 
hundred and fifty-eight feet. It is built entirely of white marble, and in the purest 
style of Gothic architecture. It is universally considered to be the handsomest 
structure of the kind in the world. The number of white marble statues about 
the church exceeds three thousand. 

As soon as we entered the building a priest very politely offered to show 
us its contents. We were conducted to the sacristy, where we were shown the 
plate and jewels, the magnificence of which I shall not attempt to describe. 
The crucifixes and all the ornaments of a Catholic church are, in this cathedral, 
for the greater part, of massive silver and gold. Here we saw and handled the 
ring, crosier, mitre, and mass book of St. Carlo Borromeo, the patron saint 
of the city. We were then conducted to a subterranean chapel, sumptuously 
decorated, the walls of which are covered with basso-relievos of massive silver. 
Here rest the remains of St. Carlo, enclosed in a sarcophagus of crystal. For 
the sum of five francs we were permitted to see the corpse of the saint. His 
countenance, with the exception of the nose, is well preserved. His robes, crosier, 
and mitre are superb. The tomb and decorations of the chapel are said to have 
cost four millions of francs. 

We next visited the chapel of St. Ambrose, containing the mortal remains 
of that distinguished man. This is the church from which the Emperor Theo- 
dosius was thrust by St. Ambrose for having persecuted the Christians. We were 
also conducted to the suppressed convent of St. Maria, in the refectory of which 
is contained the celebrated fresco painting of The Last Supper, by Leonardo da 
Vinci. We obtained admittance into the amphitheatre erected by Napoleon, large 



* The mountains which crown the lake serve as a shelter against the cold winds. (Encyclopaedia 
Amer.) 

254 



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enough to contain thirty-six thousand spectators, and the theatre of La Scala, 
the most beautiful opera-house in Italy. The stage decorations of the latter are 
splendid and costly ; and the orchestra is generally considered the best in Italy. 

There is but one good specimen of ancient Roman architecture in Milan. 
It is a portico of sixteen Corinthian columns, bearing an inscription in honor 
of the Emperor Verus, supposed to have been part of the Temple of Hercules. 

After remaining in this beautiful city five days, our party, consisting of my 

travelling companion (Mr. C , of New York), an English gentleman, and 

myself, contracted with a viltiorino — the same who conducted us to Milan — to 
take us to Venice, for the sum of three hundred francs (about sixty dollars), 
in which sum was included three meals per day, lodging, and the privilege of 
stopping a reasonable time at all the important places upon the way. The dis- 
tance between the two places is about one hundred and sixty miles, and we were 
five days upon the road, having been induced to stop frequently to examine 
various objects of interest presented on the way. The road lies in a wide plane 
between the Alps and the Apennines, and is almost a perfect level the whole 
distance. The greater part of it is the ancient /Emilian Way. 

On the second day of our- journey we arrived at Brescia (anciently Brixia), 
a neat and clean-looking town, containing about forty thousand inhabitants. This 
city contains some very interesting ruins, recently excavated. We proceeded on 
our journey next day as far as Verona. Here we remained some time for the 
purpose of visiting several interesting objects, among which I will mention a 
stone sarcophagus called the Tomb of Juliet, or Tomb of the Capulets. It has 
the shape of a common watering-trough. It formerly stood in the cemetery 
of the Franciscan church, but was removed, on account of the depredations of 
relic-hunters, to an old building near the church, where it is shown by an old 
woman, who cannot, for the life of her, imagine why so many persons should 
have the curiosity to call to see the ordinary-looking thing. Juliet died in 

1303- 

We also visited an ancient amphitheatre built before the Christian era, 
capable of holding fifty thousand persons. Its interior was repaired by Napoleon, 
and is at present in a good state of preservation. 

The next place of importance on our way was Padua, containing, as do nearly 
all other towns and cities in this country, a number of splendid churches, of 
which I must mention the church of St. Anthony, built in the year 1200. Its 
interior is ornamented with a number of fine statues and basso-relievos represent- 
ing the miracles performed by St. Anthony, whose body lies under one of the 
numerous altars. There is also a public square or promenade, surrounded with 
seventy-two colossal statues of eminent men. I may here remark that nearly 
every town on the continent has its public promenade. Most of them are beau- 
tifully laid out in walks, and planted with choice trees. In this respect the towns 
and cities of the United States are, with a few exceptions, sadly deficient. Our 
town of York offers as fine a situation for such a purpose as could be desired, 
and I feel confident that if those in power could but see those beautiful and 

2SS 



appennijc 



almost necessary appendages to European towns, the commons of York would 
not much longer remain in their present condition. 

We left Padua on the next morning (October 23), and arrived at Maestre 
at one o'clock. This is the nearest approach that can be made to Venice by land. 
We were within six English miles of the city of the Doges ; and hiring a gondola, 
we found ourselves, after a delightful ride of about two hours, upon the front 
door steps of the Hotel Europa in this most wonderful of all cities. 

Venice is seven miles in circumference, and contains about one hundred 
thousand inhabitants. It is built in the midst of shallows called lagunes, upon 
piles, and is composed of a large number of islands separated by canals and 
reunited by bridges. The Grand Canal, in the form of the letter S, divides the 
city into two nearly equal parts. Nearly all communication between the different 
parts of the city is carried on upon the water, and if you wish to visit your 
neighbor a few doors off, you step into a gondola and are taken to the very 
threshold of the door. All the principal dwellings front immediately upon the 
canals, and, there being no sidewalks, it appears to me just like a city inundated 
by water. 

Of the numerous interesting and magnificent objects with which this city 
abounds, I w'ill content myself with mentioning a few of the most remarkable. The 
Basilica, or Church of St. ^lark, is an immense and most elaborate edifice, built 
in the year 977, and contains the relics of St. Mark, removed hither from Alex- 
andria. The ten exterior and five interior gates, of Corinthian brass, were brought 
from Constantinople. Above the principal front entrance is a figure of St. I\Iark, 
finely executed in mosaic. The interior is completely lined with mosaics, from the 
top of the domes to the pavement. Here are eight columns of a serpentine form 
brought from Constantinople, said to have once belonged to the Temple at Jerusa- 
lem. The celebrated horses of gilt bronze, carried to Paris by Napoleon, and sub- 
sequently returned, now surmount the principal entrance. They originally adorned 
the city of Corinth, where, it is supposed, they belonged to the Chariot of the Sun. 

The ex-ducal palace, adjoining the church of St. Mark, is a large and beautiful 
edifice, and rich in historical associations. After visiting the grand library, council 
chamber, and hall of the Inquisition, we were conducted to the gloomy dungeons 
of the Inquisition below, whence but few who were confined there ever again saw 
the light of day. From the ducal palace to the prison upon the opposite side of the 
canal there is a bridge which served as a passage for the poor prisoner who was 
brought before the council. This is appropriately called the Bridge of Sighs. 

The Arsenal occupies an island nearly three miles in circumference. Its 
principal entrance is ornamented with the winged lion of Venice, a colossal lion 
taken from the ruins of Athens, another lion from the same ruins, and a lioness 
from Corinth. Here among other things we were shown the different instruments 
of torture used in the Inquisition, a large quantity of ancient armor, and Attila's 
helmet. 

The churches of this city are decorated with more magnificence than any that 
I have seen. Their interior is generally encrusted with mosaic. One, in particular, 

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the Church of the Jesuits, has the appearance (produced by finely executed mosaic) 
of being covered with green damask hangings. 

On the 29th I expect to leave this place for Florence. Thence I go to Leg- 
horn, Pisa, Rome, and Naples. If the difficulties between the Sultan and the Pacha 
be adjusted shortly, it is my intention to go to Alexandria in Egypt, and thence to 
Jerusalem. This I can accomplish during the winter, and return early in the 
spring to the United States. Since my arrival in Italy I have found travelling as 
safe and as comfortable as I could desire. I have, so far, experienced no difficulty 
with my passports or at custom-houses. A douceur, judiciously administered, will 
always exempt the traveller from the tedious and vexatious searches, to which 
those are subject who do not understand " bribery and corruption." 

Accommodations for travellers at the generality of public houses are good. 
Those in the principal cities are particularly so. Their charges are rather higher 
than I expected to pay in a country where labor and provisions are proverbially 
low. A room costs about fifty cents a day, breakfast about thirty cents, dinner 
about fifty cents. There is also a charge of about fifteen cents per day which you 
are obliged to pay to the servants. 

Yours trulv, 



Alexander Small. 



York Gazette, Tuesday, January 19, 1841. 



LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 6. 

Rome, December 11, 1840. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

I left Florence on the i6th for Pisa and Leghorn, remaining at Pisa three 
days to visit its remarkable objects. This city, containing about eighteen thousand 
inhabitants, is handsomely situated on the river Arno, about six miles from the 
Mediterranean Sea. Its Duomo or Cathedral, as usual in Italian cities, is the first 
and most remarkable object to which the traveller is directed. Like most of the 
churches in this country, it is magnificently decorated ; the walls of the interior 
are encrusted with rare marble and adorned with paintings by the best Italian 
masters. Near the church stands the celebrated Leaning Tower, built in the year 
1 174. It is of circular form, one hundred and ninety feet high, declining from the 
perpendicular thirteen feet. This beautiful edifice consists of eight stories, adorned 
with two hundred and seven columns of granite and marble, and is upon the 
whole an elegant structure. It has never been decided whether the tower was 
originally built with its present inclination, or whether it became so by accident. 
That it was originally built in such a way as would seem to invite destruction is 
scarcely probable, yet that it received its apparently insecure position from the 
hands of its builders is the opinion entertained by most travellers. I enjoyed a 
fine view of the surrounding country from its summit. Near the town, and adjoin- 
ing the Cathedral, is the Campo Santo, or burial-ground, surrounded by sixty-two 
light and elegant Gothic arcades, composed of white marble and paved with the 
17 257 



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same. The earth of the burial-ground to the depth of six feet was brought from 
Mount Calvary, in the Holy Land, and deposited there. 

During my stay at Pisa I visited the royal farm, a short distance from the 
city. Although apparently neglected, it is quite a handsome place. It is situated 
in an extensive and beautiful forest of cork-trees and evergreen oaks, and is worthy 
of notice on account of the great number of camels that are employed on the farm 
as beasts of burden. I saw droves of twenty or thirty at several places traversing 
the ground with their loads. The Grand Duke Leopoldo was the first person who 
attempted to breed camels in Italy. 

On the iQtli I left Pisa for Leghorn, distant fourteen miles from the former 
place. The road lies in the highly cultivated valley of the Arno. For about ten 
miles of the road nearly every female that we saw, of seventy down to six, was 
employed in plaiting straw for what we call Leghorn hats. It appears to be the 
principal occupation of the females in this part of Tuscany. Leghorn is the only 
seaport town in Tuscany. It contains about seventy thousand inhabitants, thirty 
thousand of whom are Jews. Although it possesses little to interest a traveller, I 
remained here four days and spent quite an agreeable time. Mr. Saetore, the 
American consul, to whom I had a letter of introduction, bestowed upon me great 
attention during our stay, ai^d gave me all the assistance in his power in the 
purchase of such things as I wished to send to the United States. He really does 
more for Americans who visit Leghorn than one could reasonably expect from a 
person of his years. I can not for a moment look back upon his conduct towards 
me without feeling grateful for his kindness. 

On the 23d I left Leghorn, in the Steamer " Leopoldo," for Civita Vecchia, 
where we arrived next morning. This is a small town situated immediately on the 
Mediterranean Sea, and is the place at which persons on the way to Rome are 
generally landed. No one can imagine the trouble and difficulty that are met with 
here, with porters, custom-house officers, etc. Our baggage was twice examined, 
and before we left the place we were obliged to pay eight different fees, and had 
a regular quarrel with every one we paid. These porters, or fachinos, as they are 
called, are the greatest villains in the world, and would not stop a moment to rob 
and murder you if they had a chance, so great is their rapacity for money. The 
custom-house officers are very little better. 

About two o'clock of the same day we started in the diligence for Rome, where 
we arrived at twelve o'clock at night. Here we were again examined by the cus- 
tom-house officers, who were, if anything, more rude than those at Civita Vecchia. 
Everything, to the very bottom of the trunks, was thrown out, after which they 
were impudent enough to ask us for money. To get rid of them we paid them a 
trifle. 

After spending a few days in procuring lodgings, we commenced lionizing; 
and in order to obtain a correct idea of the positions of the several objects in this 
wonderful city, we ascended the tower on the Capitoline Hill, the most favorable 
position to see ancient and modern Rome. On the one side lay, extended over 
what was anciently called the Campus Martius, modern Rome, spreading along 

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the banks of the Tiber; on the other side the ruins of the ancient city, scattered 
over the seven hills in shapeless masses. Immediately under our eyes, and at the 
foot of the Capitol, lies the Forum, lined with columns and fragments of porticos, 
terminated at each end by the triumphal arches of Septimus Severus and Titus ; 
beyond rises the Palatine mount covered with the ruins of the Imperial palace; 
on the right is the Aventine, to the left the Esquiline, and in the same line the 
Quirinal, covered with the ruins of the once magnificent baths of Diocletian. En- 
closing this picture of ruin are the ancient walls of the city, seventeen miles in 
circumference. 

After satisfying ourselves with the view around us, we descended to see the 
several objects in detail. For the present I will only give you an account of such 
objects as I visited in modern Rome, reserving for a future letter the subject of 
ancient Rome and its environs. 

The city contains about one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, fifteen 
thousand of whom are priests. The houses arc built either of stone or brick, 
covered with stucco, generally presenting a handsome appearance. The great 
number of churches and extensive palaces, fountains, and obelisks give to it an 
appearance of magnificence seldom or never met with in any other city in the world. 

Of the churches, the first which we and almost every traveller visited is St. 
Peter's, the most magnificent temple ever erected for the worship of God. 

As a minute description of this immense edifice would far exceed the limits 
of an ordinary letter I will content myself with only a general outline. This 
church is built in the form of a Latin cross. Its dimensions are seven hundred feet 
in length, five hundred feet in breadth, height of the dome four hundred and forty 
feet. Taking the new court-house in our town as a comparative example, it would 
take eight such in breadth, six in length, and four in height to form a mass of the 
size of St. Peter's.* The front is supported by a single row of Corinthian columns, 



* The new court-house of York is of the following dimensions : Front, sixty feet : depth, one hun- 
dred and twenty-eight feet ; height, thirty-seven feet. Two hundred buildings of the size of our court- 
house, placed closely together in the form of St. Peter's, would not form a larger edifice than this 
magnificent temple. In a notice of St. Peter's, evidently prepared with care, which we have in the 
Penny Magazine, we find the following in reference to the size of the church and of the materials used 
in its construction : 

"As scarcely two books of travel agree in their accounts of the dimensions of St. Peter's we are 
happy to be able to give the correct measurements, as recently made by an English architect. The 
clear inside length of the church is si.x hundred and fifteen feet, and the breadth in the transepts four 
hundred and forty-eight feet. The extreme height, from the level of the piazza before the temple to 
the apex of the cross, is about four hundred and sixty-four feet, or nearly one-fourth as high again as 
our St. Paul's. The distance from the extreme line of the ellipsis of the colonnades to the portals of 
the church is nine hundred feet, which, added to the outside length of the church, including its thick 
walls and vestibules, gives the prodigious distance of nearly one-third of a mile covered by St. Peter's 
and its accessories. 

"The masonry of the church, its cupola (which is externally covered with lead), and its adjuncts 
is of Travertine stone. Whole quarries must have been exhausted in the superstructure, or parts that 
meet the eye, yet a still vaster quantity of stone remains unseen, the depths of the foundations and the 
enormous thickness of the superstructure being such that there is actually more of the material below 
than above the surface of the ground." 

It will be perceived that our correspondent is accurate in this as in all his other descriptions. The 

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each nine feet thick and ninety-five feet in height, terminated with a balustrade 
surmounted by thirteen colossal statues eighteen feet in height. Immediately in 
front of the church is an immense piazza of an oval form, supported and adorned 
by four rows of lofty pillars seventy feet high, forming two semicircular colon- 
nades, consisting of two humlrcd and eighty-four columns, surmounted by a 
balustrade and ornamented with one hundred and ninety-two statues eleven and 
one half feet high. In the centre of this immense area is an obelisk of Egyptian 
granite, transported from Heliopolis to Rome by Caligula, and afterwards placed 
by Nero in his circus. It measures one hundred and thirty-six feet from ttui 
ground to the top of the cross, and rec^uired the labor of eight hundred men and one 
hundred and sixty horses, besides a great quantity of complicated machinery, to 
raise it out of the ground where it lay buried, and place it in its present position. 
On each side of the obelisk are two perpetual fountains, iilaying in the air, and 
falling in sheets in the basins of porphyry. The interior of the church corresponds 
perfectly with its whole exterior. As you enter you behold the largest and mo.st 
magnificent hall ever constructed by human art, divided into three rows by pilasters 
supporting four large arches on each side. To eacii are attached two others, 
fluted and Corinthian, eight feet broad and seventy-seven feet high, over which is 
an entablature of eighteen feet. In the niches are statues of marble, fifteen feet 
high, representing the founders of the several religious orders. The walls arc 
encrusted with the rarest polished marble, adorned with medallions, the portraits 
of dilifercnt popes. The ceiling is covered with gilt stuccos, and the pavement is 
formed of the finest quality of marbles in mosaic. When you arrive at the centre 
of the building, yon are astonished at the wonderful sight here presented. Four 
superb vistas open to your sight, and the dome is extended over you like a 
firmament to the prodigious height of four hundred feet. 

The high altar stands under the dome. It is simple though majestic. A 
canopy rises over it supported by four spiral pillars of Corinthian, fifty feet in 
height. At the angles are four angels; in the centre is a globe supporting the 
cross. The total height is eighty-four feet. 

In front of the high altar is the tomb of St. Peter, surrounded by a circular 
marble balustrade, on which one hundred and twelve lamps are constantly burning. 
A double stair leads down to the interior, which is decorated with the richest marble, 
festoons, and angels of gilt bronze. Under the altar is a small chapel called the 
sacred grotto, where rest the mortal remains of St. Peter and St. Paul. The 
former sulifered martyrdom by crucifixion on a spot adjoining the church of 
St. Peter in Alobtoris : the latter by decapitation on the spot now occupied by a 
church called St. Paul, at the Three Fountains. Their bodies were afterwards 
interred at the place where they now rest, and over which the Emperor Constan- 
tine erected the first Basilica. The small chapel with its pavement was preserved 



slight difference in the two accounts of the length of the church, and its breadth in the transepts is, as 
will be readily perceived, .accounted for by the fact that one gives the interior dimensions, while the 
other inchides the space occupied by the enormous walls. (Eds. Ga::cllc.) 

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with all possible care during the demolition of the old and the erection of the new 
Basilica. 

At the extremity of the grand nave is the tribune and the patriarchal chair 
of St. Peter, supported by four colossal figures, representing the celebrated doctors 
of the Latin and Greek church, — St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, St. Athanasius, and 
St. John Chrysostom. Two angels bear the tiara and pontitical keys, and a 
multitude of seraphim surround the chair. 

The immense fabric is adorned with numerous tombs of saints, popes, emperors, 
and kings, whose bodies are deposited in vaults underneath, among which are those 
of Alexander VIII., who died in 1691 ; St. Leo, over which is a bas-relief repre- 
senting Attila retiring from Rome at the sight of St. Peter and St. Paul; St. 
Gregory ; the tomb of Mary Stuart, ornamented with a sarcophagus of porphyry, 
with a charity and a genius holding her portrait; the tombs of Otho IL, of 
Charlotte, Queen of Jerusalem and Cyprus, and of James Stuart IIP 

While we are lost in wonder and astonishment at the immensity and magnifi- 
cence of this temple, we should not forget that the ground upon which it was built 
was consecrated by the blood of numerous Christian martyrs, who were executed 
upon this spot, during the cruel persecutions of the Emperor Nero. Here were the 
garden and circus of this emperor when the massacre of the Christians, related by 
Tacitus, took place. He says, " They were covered with the skins of wild beasts, 
that they might be torn in pieces by dogs, or were nailed to crosses, or set on fire, 
that when daylight disappeared they might serve instead of lamps. Nero lent his 
garden for the spectacle, and gave a show of Circassian games, mixing with the 
mob, or standing on his chariot, in the habit of a charioteer." 

In finishing this cursory view of St. Peter's, it may not be amiss to add that 
three hundred and fifty years were employed in its construction ; that it contains 
ten cupolas besides the great one raised by Michael Angelo, ninety-six columns of 
rare marble, twenty-nine paintings in mosaic : one hundred and forty statues, of 
which ninety-one are marble, twenty-eight stucco, and twenty-one bronze ; and 
that the expense of its construction amounted to forty-seven millions of dollars. 
Twice that sum, it is supposed, would not be adequate to the construction of such 
a work in England or America.* 

Adjoining the church of St. Peter is the Vatican Palace, supposed by some 
to have been built by Nero, by others to have been built by Constantine. It 
seems from the irregularity of its appearance to have received augmentation 



* The article before referred to, contains tlie following notice of the time and money expended in 
the construction of St. Peter's : 

" The first stone of the church was laid by Pope Julius II., in 1506, and the front was completed in 
1622, during the pontificate of Paul V., the seventeenth successor of Julius. Although constantly 
advancing, with all the means that wealth and e.xtensive influence of the Roman hierarchy could then 
command, it took the reign of eighteen popes and the period of one hundred and fifteen years to see 
the temple alone finished. The splendid additions and accessories occupied one hundred and fifty 
years more. Up to the year 1622 the buildings cost the Romans, say, forty millions of crowns (more 
than eight millions sterling), and between that date and 1784 nearly ten millions of crowns more were 
expended." 

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from almost every successive sovereign. Its present circumference is computed 
to be near seventy thousand feet. In it is the Pope's residence, Museum, Gal- 
lery of Paintings, the celebrated Library, and two magnificent chapels. 

The Museum is divided and occupies an immense number of halls, filled 
with the finest statuary and works of the ancients. 

In the first room, called the Appartamenti Borgia, is the celebrated statue 
of yEsculapius. In the Galleria Lapidaria is a very large and valuable collection 
of ancient inscriptions, several of which were found in the catacombs, several 
cinerary urns and other sepulchral monuments, and a tomb which held the remains 
of Lucius Atemetus. The Gallery of the Nile contains one hundred and thirty 
fine specimens of antique statuary, among which I noticed the celebrated colossal 
group of Father Nile and his Offspring. The sixteen infants who surround the 
river god are supposed to be emblematical of the height (sixteen cubits) to 
which the Nile rises. This elaborate group was found among the ruins of a 
temple dedicated to Serapis. Here are also a colossal statue of Doniitian, a Faun 
in Greek marble, Emperor Claudian, Minerva Medica, found in the temple of 
that name on the Esquiline hill, Diana, Venus, Ganymede, Juno, and the Emperor 
Trajan. Another apartment contains the inimitable group of Laocoon, son of 
Priam and Hecuba, found among the ruins of the Baths of Titus. This statue 
is considered the chef d'tvuz'n' of antiquity. In the other room is the celebrated 
statue of the Belvidere Apollo. The Hall of Animals contains a most valuable 
collection of animals sculptured in every kind of precious marble. The pave- 
ment of the Circular Hall is an ancient mosaic representing Medusa's Head 
and the Battle of the Lapiths and the Centaurs. 

The number of halls containing statuary and other antique objects is upward 
of forty, and the value of their contents is beyond computation. 

The Picture Gallery contains the finest specimens of painting extant. Among 
them is that most celebrated of all paintings, the Transfiguration, by Raphael. 

The Library (the Bibliotheca \'aticana) surpasses all others for the num- 
ber of its Greek, Latin, Italian, and Oriental manuscripts. Among the rare 
manuscripts is a Greek Bible of the sixth century in capital letters, written 
according to the version of the Septuagint, and from which all subsequent copies 
have been taken. I saw, also, a Virgil of the fifth century, a Terrence equally 
ancient, and several papers written by Martin Luther. 

Attached to this immense palace are extensive gardens, adorned with statues, 
fountains, and groves of orange and other trees. The building and appendages 
are liberally thrown open to the public every Monday and Thursday, from one 
o'clock till five. 

On the first Sunday in Advent I witnessed the ceremony of High Mass in 
the Pontifical Chapel, in the presence of the cardinals and prelates of the church. 
The Pope himself ofificiated, and seemed to be an object of the most profound 
veneration. The ceremonies were magnificent and imposing. Each cardinal had 
an attendant-priest, who sat at his feet and bore the train of his robe as he entered 

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and retired. Persons who wish to attend service in this chapel are required to 
appear in a full dress of black. Frock coats are not admitted. 

In my next I shall continue my cursory description of modern Rome. In 
the mean time, I remain 

Yours truly, 



Alexander Small. 



York Gaccttt\ Tuesday, February 9, 1841. 



LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 7. 

Rome, January 14, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

I shall pursue the plan proposed in my last letter, dated in December, of 
describing to you the most remarkable objects of interest in modern Rome, before 
I take any notice of the splendid monuments of antiquity which are so abundantly 
scattered over the site of the ancient city. In Rome, as in every other Italian 
city, churches are the most conspicuous objects of a stranger's attention. For 
centuries have not only the entire revenue of the country been appropriated to 
their construction and decoration, but the princely fortunes of private individuals 
have, under the influence of the priesthood, been applied to the same purpose. 
Of the three hundred churches which this city contains, I will only mention 
such as force themselves upon the attention by their magnificence or by some 
historical association connected with them. 

The church of St. John Lateran, the first cathedral of Rome and of the 
Catholic world, was built by Constantine in the fourth century. It is a magnifi- 
cent building, in size ranking next to St. Peter's. Over the high altar are the 
heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, preserved in silver reliquaries ; and in a small 
chapel in the church is preserved the table used at the last supper of Christ. 
Near the church is a small chapel, under the portico of which is placed the stair- 
case which existed in the palace of Pontius Pilate at Jerusalem, over which our 
Saviour passed several times. Having thus become sanctified, the faithful now 
ascend it on their knees, and descend by two lateral staircases. It consists of 
twenty-eight marble steps, so consumed by friction that it has become necessary 
to cover them with wood. As it is one of the duties of every traveller who visits 
Rome to ascend them, I performed the task, though not without considerable 
labor and pain. 

The church of St. John and St. Paul was built in the fourth century, on 
the site of the house belonging to these two martyrs, who were executed during 
the reign of the Emperor Julian. 

One of the largest and most magnificent churches is that of St. Maria Mag- 
giore. It was built in the year 352, in consequence, it is said, of a night vision 
of St. Liberius, which was confirmed on the following day by a fall of snow 
on the 5th of August! The snow is said to have covered the space which the 
building was destined to occupy, and for this reason was then called " St. Maria 

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ad Nives. " The interior is composed of three naves, separated by thirty-six 
columns of marble, taken from the Temple of Juno. The high altar consists 
of a grand porphyry urn covered with a marble slab, with four bronze gilt angels 
at the corners. Above it is a rich canopy, supported by four beautiful porphyry 
columns, surmounted by six marble figures of angels. Over one of the side 
altars is the picture of the Virgin Mary said to have been painted by St. Luke 
the Evangelist. The story is rather marvellous ! 

The church of St. Sebastian, one of the seven basilicas of Rome, is built 
over the remains of St. Calistus, who lived in the second century. A staircase 
leads from the church to the catacombs, where the Christians, in the time of 
persecution, practised the exercises of their religion and buried their dead. The 
bodies of St. Sebastian and of the apostles Peter and Paul were deposited 
during a certain period in these catacombs. 

A short distance from the ancient walls of the city is the church of St. Paul, 
built on the spot where this great Apostle suffered, and where a considerable 
number of Ciiristians were put to death by command of the Emperor Diocletian, 
after he had employed them in building his baths. To distinguish it from the 
other churches of the same name, it is called St. Paul at the Three Fountains, 
the interior containing three springs of water, said to have appeared at the 
three bounds of the Apostle's head! Here also is exhibited a white stone, on 
which St. Paul is said to have been decapitated. 

The modern Capitol of Rome, built on Capitoline Hill, on the foundation 
of the ancient building, is in appearance quite an imposing structure. It con- 
sists of three separate buildings, the principal one of which is called the palace 
of the Senator of Rome. One of the wings is the palace of the Conservatorii, 
and the other the Capitoline Museum. In the centre of the square, and fronting 
the senatorial palace, is an equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, found near 
the church of St. John Latcran. It is an extremely well-executed piece of 
work, and the only equestrian statue remaining of all those which adorned ancient 
Rome. 

Next to the Museum of the Vatican, tliat of the Capitol contains the finest 
and most extensive collection of paintings and antique statuary in Rome. In 
the Hall of the Emperors are arranged, in chronological order, the busts of all 
the emperors and empresses. In the Hall of the Gladiator is the celebrated 
statue of a man mortally wounded, called " The Dying Gladiator," a fine statue 
of Zeno, the Greek philosopher, the Faun of Praxiteles, and a statue of Apollo 
holding the l)re, with a grififin at his feet, found on the road of Tivoli. 

By the side of the Capitol, where tlie Church of Ara Cceli now stands, was 
the celebrated Temple of Jupiter Capitolimu, built by Tarquinius Superbus. A 
little farther on, at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, is a small church, built over 
the ancient Mamertine Prison. The chamber still existing is about twenty-four 
feet long by eighteen feet wide. No trace of a door being visible, it is con- 
jectured that prisoners were lowered into the prison through the aperture which 
remains at the top, covered with an iron grating. Jugurtha died of starvation 

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in this prison, and Lentulus and otlier accomplices of Cataline by strangulation. 
The celebrit)- of the prison is increased b)- the fact that St. Peter and St. Paul 
were confined in it under Nero. A spring of water in the centre of the cell 
is said to have been used at the baptism of the keepers of the prison. 

Among the remarkable objects that embellish the modern city of Rome are 
a number of large and elegant obelisks, of which I will only mention the Flavinian 
obelisk, now placed in the centre of Piazza del Popolo. This obelisk is seventy- 
four feet high, exclusive of the pedestal, and is of one entire piece of beautiful 
Egyptian granite. It was originally erected at Heliopolis, in Egypt, by Sesostris, 
as a decoration of the Temple of the Sun. After the battle of Actium, Augustus 
removed it to Rome, and placed it in the Circus Maximus. It was placed in its 
present position in the year 1587. 

The Lateran obelisk, the largest in Rome, was erected in Thebes. It was 
afterwards removed to Rome by Constantine, and placed, as the former, in the 
Circus Maximus. It is ninety-nine feet high, and now stands in the square of 
St. John Lateran. The obelisk in the piazza of St. Peter's I mentioned in a 
former letter. 

There is probably no city in the world that contains so large a number of 
fountains as Rome ; and although, in addition to the great number of public 
fountains, every house contains in its yard a running fountain, the streets abound 
in filth. The water is brought into the city by aqueducts built of brick on arches. 
The principal one is twenty-tv^o miles in length ; it was built originally by Trajan, 
and repaired by Paul V. 

I shall now briefly mention some of the most remarkable edifices and ruins 
of ancient Rome. 

The most magnificent part of the ancient city was that contiguous to the 
Forum, extending from the Capitol to the Arch of Titus. Among the edifices 
remaining is the Arch of Septimus Severus, raised by the senate and people of 
Rome in the year 205, to commemorate the victory gained over the Parthians. 
Three fluted columns of the Corinthian order, standing a short distance from 
the arch, are all that remain of the Temple of Jupiter Tonans. Near this are 
the remains of the Temple of Fortune, consisting of seven columns of Egyptian 
granite, twelve feet in circumference and forty feet high, surmounted by a pedi- 
ment. On the right of the Temple of Jupiter Tonans are the remains of the 
Temple of Concord, in which the Roman senate occasionally met. Passing from 
the Forum by the Via Sacra, you meet the Arch of Titus, raised by the senate 
to Titus, after the conquest of Jerusalem. The most interesting part of this 
arch is that containing the bas-reliefs representing the triumphal procession. 
The figures represent the prisoners, the golden table and sacred vases, the 
seven-branched golden candlesticks, and other spoils from the Temple of 
Jerusalem. 

Near the Forum is the Palatine Hill, nearly seven thousand feet in circum- 
ference, almost entirely covered with the ruins of the Temple of the Caesars. 
It was on this hill that Romulus, the founder of Rome, had his cottage. Numa, 

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appcnDir 



TiiUus Hostilius, and Tarquinius Priscus also dwelt here. It afterwards became 
the residence of the Gracchi, of Crassus, Hortensius, Cicero, Clodius, Mark 
Antony, Nero, and Octavius, the father of Augustus. The last of these com- 
menced the structure whose ruins cover so vast a space. It was partly destroyed 
by fire in the sixty-fourth year of the Christian era. Nero repaired it with such 
magnificence that it was called " The Golden House." It is said to have been 
surrounded by porticos having not less than three thousand columns ; indeed, 
the greater part of the columns that adorn the numerous churches and palaces 
of modern Rome were taken from these ruins. 

At the extremity of the Via Sacra stands the Colosseum, built by the Emperor 
Vespasian, on his return from the war in Jud;ea. The form of the amphitheatre 
is oval, its height one hundred and fifty-seven feet, and its circumference one 
thousand six hundred and forty-one feet, and it was capable of containing one 
hundred and seven thousand spectators seated. It is the most beautiful ruin of 
the " Eternal City." 

Near this structure stands the beautiful Arch of Constantine in a good state 
of preservation. 

The most perfect monument of antiquity is the Pantheon, erected by Agrippa 
twenty-seven years before the Christian era. It is built in the form of a rotunda, 
one hundred and thirty-two feet in diameter, and as many feet high, surmounted 
by a dome. The portico, one hundred and three feet wide and sixty-one deep, 
consists of sixteen columns, each a single block of Oriental granite fifteen feet 
in height, exclusive of base and capital. Around the circumference of the interior 
are eight recesses, or niches, adorned by two Corinthian columns of porphyry 
and granite. These formerly contained the statues of the heathen divinities ; but 
have since been used as Christian altars. The light enters at a single circular 
opening at the top of the roof, twenty-six feet in diameter. 

Among the many fine monuments of antiquity I must not forget the Colunm 
of Trajan, or Trajan Pillar. It was dedicated by the Roman senate to the 
Emperor Trajan, after the conquest of Dacia. It is of the Doric order, and is 
composed of thirty-two blocks of white marble. The pedestal is formed of eight 
blocks, the column of twenty-four, the capital and pedestal of the statue, one 
block each. The whole height is one hundred and forty-three feet, and diameter 
twelve. On the top formerly stood a bronze gilt statue of Trajan, now displaced 
by a statue of St. Peter. The whole column is scul]Hured with bas-reliefs repre- 
senting the campaigns of Trajan. The number of figures is said to exceed two 
thousand five hundred, independently of horses, arms, machines of war, etc., 
each figure being about two feet high and of exquisite workmanship. 

During my stay in Rome I have had several opportunities of witnessing those 
magnificent ceremonies of the Roman Church which take place on festive days. 
On Christmas I repaired at an early hour to .St. Peter's, where the Pope him- 
self officiated at the high altar. About ten o'clock the procession moved up the 
great nave of the church between two files of soldiers in the following order : 
First, bishops and abbots in full pontifical dress, bearing the cross, the golden 

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tiara, or triple crown of the Pope, and bishop's mitre. These were followed by 
fifty cardinals, also in full dress and mitred. After these came the sovereign 
pontiff, in gorgeous robes embroidered with gold and studded with jewels. He 
was in a splendid chair of state, borne by ten men, under a canopy carried by 
four cardinal deacons. Next followed a large body of priests. On each side of 
the train marched the Swiss body-guard of the Pope in their elegant costumes, 
bearing double handswords and spears. The procession halted near the high 
altar, where the Pope alighted to pay his devotions at the shrine of St. Peter, 
after which it again proceeded to the tribune, between the high altar and the 
extreme end of the church, where the Pope took his seat upon a temporary 
throne prepared for the occasion. On each side of the altar were standing in 
file, in full dress, with drawn swords, the Roman National Guard, composed of 
the nobility of Rome. On the right of the Pope stood the senators and magis- 
trates of the city, clothed in black silk velvet. The elevation of the conse- 
crated wafer was announced by a flourish of trumpets, when every knee in 
this immense edifice was bent. It is supposed that there were not less than 
eight thousand persons present at the time. The whole ceremony — procession, 
dresses, music, etc. — was the most magnificent and impressive that I ever saw 
or heard. 

Last Sunday, being the festival day of St. Antonio, a very singular cere- 
mony was performed at the church dedicated to him. It was the blessing of 
horses and other animals from the door of the church. To me it was novel, to 
see horses, mules, and even dogs (many of them decorated with ribands and 
feathers) brought in large numbers to be sprinkled with holy water and receive 
the benediction of the priest. 

A few weeks ago I received a ticket to an exhibition given by students at 
the College of the Propaganda. This college was instituted for the purpose of 
educating young men from various parts of the earth for the priesthood. The 
exhibition consisted in orations and odes in praise of the Saviour in almost 
every language of the globe. Nearly every nation under the sun was represented. 
Young men of all complexions, from the whitest Georgian to the blackest African, 
were among the number. I heard the Chinese spoken by those from China, the 
African by those from Central Africa, and the North American Indian by a 
Californian. Forty-five languages were spoken. It was to me a most interesting 
and at the same time a most impressive scene. After the exhibition I heard the 
Cardinal jMezzofanti address each student in his native tongue. The Cardinal, 
I understand, speaks forty languages fluently. 

I must close this somewhat extended letter with a brief notice of the present 
papal government. The Pope of Rome is not only the Sovereign Pontiff of the 
Catholic world, but the sovereign prince of the Roman states, comprising about 
one-fourth of Italy, with a population of about three million five hundred thou- 
sand. The affairs of the state are managed by the Pope and his cabinet, chosen 
from among the cardinals. When, however, any important matter is to be 
decided, the whole college of cardinals meet in Consistory. Although a cardinal 

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is a church dignitary, yet they are not all priests, and those of them who are 
not priests may at any time renounce celibacy and their situation. 

There are two kinds of courts, the Criminal and the Common Pleas. The 
former is under the immediate direction of the governor of Rome, who appoints 
the judges ; the latter is under the direction of the Cardinal Secretary of State, 
and the judges (who are also prelates of the Church) are appointed by the 
Pope. 

The government of the papal states may be called a very mild one. Pun- 
ishment does not always follow crime, and the punishment of death is very seldom 
resorted to. In most cases of capital conviction, several years elapse between 
the conviction and the punishment, and sometimes postponement occurs, until 
the condemned is summoned by death to answer at a higher tribunal than the 
mightiest of earth. 

The habits of the Pope are very austere. There is no luxury about the papal 
palace ; the furniture is of the commonest kind, and the pontiff's bed nothing 
but a straw mattress. Although there is much splendor about the papal palace, 
yet everything in the immediate use of the Pope is plain, simple, and without a 
single character of luxury. As he is presumed to be the head of the Christian 
world and the successor of St. Peter, he is obliged to sustain a character which 
precludes him from holding familiar intercourse even with his friends ; all his 
meetings with the world and those he loves best on earth are grave, solemn, 
and cold, and if long habits do not entirely destroy in him the common feelings 
and sympathies of the human heart, his situation must be anything hut a happy 
one. 

When the Pope dies the cardinals are immediately shut up in separate apart- 
ments in the Ouirinal Palace, which is guarded by the Senator of Rome. At 
stated times they meet in the chapel of the palace, to deliver their sealed ballots 
for a new sovereign. In this situation tliey arc kept until one cardinal is found 
to have a majority of all the ballots. When the election has taken place, the 
new Pope is immediately proclaimed to the people from the balcony. 

I expected before this time to have been in Naples, and to have proceeded on 
my journey to the East. Although the difficulties in that quarter have been 
adjusted, yet that part of the country which I most desire to see is still in an un- 
settled condition. The army of Ibrahim Pacha has not yet been withdrawn from 
Syria, the seat of war. At all events, I think that I shall remain here until after 
the carnival, which commences on the 14th of February and ends on Ash 
Wednesday. 

Very truly yours. 



Alex.'XNDer Sm.\ll. 



]'ork Gaci'ttr, Tuesday, March if>, 1841. 



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LETTERS FROM EUROPE. No. 8. 

Naples, March 13, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

I expected that my last letter dated at Rome would have concluded all that 
I had to say upon the subject of that interesting city. The scenes I witnessed, 
however, during the last ten days of my stay, were of a character so new and 
extraordinary to me that I cannot pass them over in silence. I allude to the days 
of the Carnival. The season of the Carnival commences eight days before Ash 
Wednesday, and lasts until Shrovetide. Every afternoon, from two o'clock until 
five, the Corso, a fine street about two miles in length, is crowded with carriages 
so arranged that a constant and endless procession is kept up, by passing up one 
side of the street and returning by the other. The crowd of footmen in the street 
is so great that there is barely room for the carriages to proceed at a very slow 
pace. About one-fourth of this immense body of persons are masked, and dressed 
in all the variety of costume that ingenuity could devise. During the procession 
the balconies (with which every window in the street is provided) are decorated 
with red silk hangings and filled with people. The principal sport consists in 
throwing at each other confectionery in the form of sugar-plums, and bouquets 
of flowers, and so great is the quantity used on the occasion that at the close of 
each day's amusement the street is literally covered with confections and bou- 
quets. To render the whole enlivening, bands of music are stationed at intervals 
through the whole length of the Corso. This amusement is not confined to any 
particular class, for I observed, among those who appeared to be the most inter- 
ested, many distinguished persons, foreigners and natives, of whom I will mention 
the Queen of Spain and the Duchess of Cambridge. 

At five o'clock in the afternoon of each day, at a given signal, the Corso was 
cleared of carriages for the race. About eight or ten horses, without riders, were 
started from the head of the street, to run its whole length. The horses were 
covered with metallic sheets, armed with points and small squibs of powder, to 
urge them on. At the extreme end of the street sat the judges who were to decide 
upon the result of the race ; and the owner of the winning horse was entitled to 
forty dollars. At night a masquerade ball took place at one of the theatres. 

The last evening of the carnival was closed by a most brilliant scene. The 
procession again commenced after the race, every one in the mean time having 
provided himself with a lighted wax candle. And now, instead of throwing 
sugar-plums at one another, every one was trying to put out his neighbor's 
candle. Those in the carriages were provided with long reeds for the laudable 
purpose of reaching the candles of those in the balconies, while the latter were 
similarly provided for performing the same obliging ofilice for their neighbors 
below. 

The brilliancy of the millions of lights and the sounds of thousands of voices 
altogether produced an effect impossible to conceive from any description I can 
give. 

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During the whole season of the Carnival the most perfect good humor pre- 
vailed ; and, contrary to what would have occurred in many parts of our own 
beloved country, no drunken sprees terminated the amusements of the day. 

Before I left Rome a small party of us made an excursion, which proved 
highly interesting and agreeable, to Tivoli, a small town about sixteen miles from 
the city, remarkable for its cascades and its beautiful scenery. During the 
Augustan age it was the residence of Horace, Maecenas, Catullus, and many 
other eminent Romans. What remains of the beautiful villa of Maecenas is 
now converted into a forge ; and a solitary chapel stands upon the foundation 
of the villa of Horace, on the opposite side of the valley. On a promontory 
of a rock is the Temple of Vesta, a circular building, having originally eighteen 
beautiful Corinthian columns, ten of which only remain. Near it is the Temple 
of the Tibertine Sibyl, now converted into a chapel. Below these, at the foot 
of the rock, is the picturesque grotto of the Syrens and that of Neptune. 

On our way we stopped to take a hasty view of Adrian's Villa, covering 
an extent of nearly three miles, formerly containing temples, theatres, baths, 
and porticos, adorned with chefs d'auvre of sculpture. Hundreds of statues 
found there now grace the Museum of the Vatican. 

On the 25th, after a lapse of three months since my arrival in the " Eternal 
City," I started, in company with three others, in a coach hired for the purpose, 
for Naples. Our road was the Appian Way. an ancient road constructed by 
Appius Claudius in the year of Rome 442, many years before the Christian era. 

The first day brought us as far as Velletri, a small town thirty miles from 
Rome. We next day passed the village of Terracina and a small village called 
Cisterna, anciently known as Tres Taverna, or Three Taverns. It was at this 
latter place that the Christians repaired to meet St. Faul on his journey by the 
Appian Way to Rome, mentioned in the last chapter of the Acts of the .A.postles. 
A little farther on is the Appii Forum, spoken of in the same chapter. Here 
Horace, on his journey to Brundinium, when summoned by Mreccnas to meet 
him, refused to stay on account of the bad accommodations. We stopped here 
to breakfast, and from the general appearance of things, I do not suppose that 
it can have improved much since his time. From this place to Terracina the 
road lies through the Pontine Marshes, which occupy an extent of twenty-four 
miles in length and from six to twelve in breadth. An immense amount of 
labor is said to have been applied to the purpose of draining these marshes, first 
by Appius Claudius, and subsequently by Augustus Caesar, who succeeded in 
carrying the water into the sea. The greater part appears at present to be in a 
state susceptible of cultivation. 

We remained for the night at a very good inn, at the extreme end of the 
town of Terracina. This place was the Anxur of the ancients. Its situation on 
the Mediterranean Sea is beautiful indeed. The town itself has an old and 
dilapidated appearance, and contains, with the exception of a few government 
officers, a most miserable looking population, the remnant of the numerous 
brigands who formerly infested this part of the country. 

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Next morning, at daybreak, we resumed our journey, passing through Fondi, 
anciently Fundus, the frontier town of the kingdom of Naples. 

No sooner did we stop for the purpose of settling our affairs with the custom- 
house officers (who are always satisfied with the bribe of a dollar), than our 
carriage was surrounded by a horde of beggars, covered with rags and vermin, 
demanding alms. Every second person I saw was either a beggar or a member 
of the large family of lazzaroni, corresponding in occupation and character with 
what are termed loafers in the American dialect. The population seem more 
abject, if possible, than the sufficiently wretched inhabitants of Terracina. Sixteen 
miles farther on is Mola, the ancient Formise. We stopped to dine at an excellent 
hotel, built upon the ruins of Cicero's Marine Villa, and in the midst of an ex- 
tensive grove of orange- and lemon-trees in full bearing. About a quarter of a mile 
from Mola stands in good preservation the cenotaph of Cicero, placed upon the 
spot where he was murdered while endeavoring to escape from his enemies. We 
proceeded as far as St. Agata, the ancient Sessa, where we remained for the night. 
While here we tasted the celebrated Falernian wine, produced in the neighborhood. 
I do not think it has sufficient temptations to lead to intemperance. Early next 
morning we continued our journey, through the ancient Capua, to Naples, where 
we arrived at four o'clock. 

In point of population, Naples is the third city on the continent of Europe, 
containing at present over four hundred thousand inhabitants. It is, in my opinion, 
the most beautiful of all Italian cities. The first day after my arrival I devoted to 
its magnificent Museum, containing, among other things, all the interesting objects 
found in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The antiquities found in these exhumed 
cities occupy the greater part of the immense building of the Museum. In one of 
the rooms we were shown specimens of antique glassware, such as wine-bottles, 
water-jugs, fruit-plates, and large bottles of medicine found in an apothecary's 
shop. In another, called the Cabinet of Gems, were rings, necklaces, brooches and 
chains of gold, a purse found in the hands of the wife of Diomedes at Pompeii, 
silver cups, plates, dishes, and spoons. In the same room were a quantity of colors 
found in a painter's shop, two loaves of bread, grain of different kinds, fruit, eggs, 
etc. Another room is occupied by various culinary utensils, such as kettles, stew- 
pans, bake-pans, gridirons, moulds for pastry, etc. Another contains a collection 
of agricultural implements ; bells for cattle, such as are used at the present day ; 
surgical instruments of nearly every sort used at this time, and several the uses of 
which are now unknown; inkstands with the remains of ink; pens of cedar; 
letters for stamping bread similar to those used in the process of printing. In 
another part of the building are numerous bronze and marble figures found in the 
same places. 

Besides the Museum, there are very few objects in the city to interest a 
stranger, at least none of which a particular description would interest you. 

Making Naples our head-quarters for some time, we visited a number of 
places in the neighborhood. We have been to Pompeii and Herculaneum, The 
first was buried, during an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, under a shower of ashes 

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and stones, in the year 79 of the Christian era, and remained under the surface 
of the earth more than fifteen liundred years. All traces of it were lost until it was 
accidentally discovered by some peasants in the year 1750. The process of excava- 
tion was immediately begun, and at this time about one-third of this interesting 
city has been uncovered. 

Here you may form a correct idea of the appearance of an ancient city, and 
of the manner in which the inhabitants of those days lived. The streets are straight 
and paved with lava, with raised side-walks for foot-passengers. Traces of 
carriage-wheels are discernible in the pavement. The houses generally are small. 
Some of them, however (probably the residences of the noble and wealthy), were 
large and elegant, and these were all provided with a quadrangular court sur- 
rounded by a colonnade. The interior walls of all the houses were plastered with 
stucco, paintefl and polished, and every apartment paved with mosaics. On the 
outside of the houses were the names of the occupants, with their several occupa- 
tions, written with red paint, and all the private houses were numbered. The 
public edifices were spacious and tastefully ornamented. They were numerous, 
for in that part of the city alone from which the iron covering of centuries 
has been removed, three forums, eight temples, two theatres, and a superb 
amphitheatre have been discovered. 

I devoted a day to the ascent of Mount Vesuvius. The time occupied in the 
ascent from Resina, a small town at the foot of the mountain, is generally about 
three hours. From Resina to the foot of the cone we performed the journey on 
horses ; thence we were obliged to ascend, at an angle of forty-five degrees, on 
foot, climbing over pieces of lava and scoria to the edge of the crater. This walk 
was very laborious, and occupied rather more than an hour. The crater is com- 
puted to be about three miles in circumference, and in some parts two thousand 
feet deep. A cloud of sulphurous vapor issues constantly from an opening at the 
bottom of the crater, and at one time nearly suffocated me. After drinking a 
bottle of wine and eating an egg or two roasted in the crater, our party descended 
by a precipitous path, knee deep in ashes, to another part of the mountain. 

I also made a very pleasant excursion to Baia£ and Cuma?. The former is 
remarkable for having been the residence of many distinguished Romans. Marius, 
Pompey, and Caesar each had a villa at Baiae. Cumas was once an opulent city, but 
it has long since ceased to be inhabited, and now contains nothing but a few shape- 
less masses of ruins. On our road, about five miles from Naples, we visited the 
ruins of Cicero's villa, which he termed Academia. A little farther on are the 
lakes Lucrine and Averno. The latter is the Tartarus of Virgil. On its banks 
are the ruins of the Temple of Proserpine and Pluto, from which a path leads to 
the Grotto of the Oracular Cumrean Sibyl, supposed to have led from Virgil's 
Tartarus to the Cocytus, Acheron, Styx, and Elysium. Still farther on is another 
lake called Mare Morto, on whose banks are situated the Elysian Fields of Virgil, 
now an ordinary looking vineyard. Returning by another road we passed Lake 
Fusaro, anciently Acheron, called by Virgil Palus Tenebrosa, from the blackness 
of its waters. This lake had been celebrated for its good oysters. We found 

272 



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them, however, much inferior to our own. We passed also the sepulchre of Agrip- 
pina, the mother of Nero, placed upon the spot where she was killed by order of 
that inhuman and unnatural monster, her son. 

An account of my visit to the Grotto del Cane, and to the sulphur and alum 
factories at Solfatara, and several beautiful royal residences, I must defer until I 
see you. I regret that my time is so limited that I am obliged to omit visiting 
several important and very interesting places in the vicinity of Naples. 

On to-morrow I shall start in the steamer for Malta, Lyra, and Constantinople. 
Our party consists of three gentlemen from New York and myself. We intend to 
visit Greece, Turkey, and perhaps Egypt and Syria. In the mean time I will write 
regularly. 

Yours truly, 

Alexander Small. ■ 

York Gazette. Tuesday, May ii, 1841. 

LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. 9. 

Athens, April i, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

On the evening of the 15th of March our party left Naples, in the steamer 
" Leonidas," for Greece, and at an early hour next morning we entered the straits 
of Pharos and Messina, passing through the famed Scylla and Charybdis, the 
latter of which is now called La Rema. Scylla is a rock on the eastern coast of 
Sicily, and Charybdis a whirlpool nearly opposite, and in attempting to avoid the 
latter, navigators ran some risk of striking the former. The whirlpool has lost 
many of its terrors, and vessels may pass over it most times without any danger. 
In our passage we had a fine view of the two volcanic mountains, ^Etna and 
Stromboli, and of the cities of Messina and Syracuse. We arrived at Malta on 
the morning of the 17th, where we remained until next day, a sufficient time to visit 
the most remarkable objects of this interesting island. 

Malta is situated in the channel between the African coast and Sicily, about 
two hundred miles from the nearest point in Africa, and sixty miles from Sicily. 
From the year 1530 until 1798 it was in the possession of the Knights of St. John, 
of Jerusalem. It was taken, in 1798, by Napoleon on his way to Egj'pt. In 1800 
it fell into the hands of the English, and now constitutes a part of the British 
dominions. St. Paul, on his journey to Rome, was shipwrecked on the island, and 
resided here three months with Publius, the Roman governor. 

Valetta, the capital of Malta, is a handsome and well-built town, completely 
surrounded by fortifications. The public buildings display a fine architectural 
taste, and are all constructed of white freestone, as indeed, are all the private 
dwellings. The cathedral is interesting, as the place of sepulture of the knights 
and squires of the Order. The floor of the church is mosaic, representing the effi- 
gies of the knights in full costume. In the chapel of the Madonna are the keys of 
Jerusalem, Acre, and Rhodes. The railing in front of the altar is solid silver. 
18 273 



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When the French took possession of the island, in 1798, it escaped their notice by 
having been previously painted over to conceal its value. About eight miles from 
Valette we were shown the cave in which St. Paul and St. Luke resided during 
their stay in the island. 

In an agricultural point of view, Malta is little better than a barren rock, yet 
by the perseverance of its inhabitants and the introduction of a foreign soil a 
considerable quantity of grain and cotton is annually produced. Fruit and vege- 
tables are very abundant and cheap. Fine large oranges may be purchased at 
about twenty to thirty cents a hundred. Among the shrubs that attain a gigantic 
size here, are the aloe, cactus, and geranium. 

The onl\- vehicle in use here is a kind of carriage with two wheels, drawn by 
one horse or mule. The body of the carriage, which is large enough to contain 
four persons, is placed altogether in front of the axle, so that nearly the whole 
weight of the vehicle is upon tlie animal. The driver runs by the side of the horse. 

The costume of the Maltese does not differ very materially from our own. 
The only peculiarity I noticed was a large veil or hood of black silk, worn by the 
women instead of bonnets. I mistook them for nuns when I first saw them. 

On the i8th we left Malta and arrived at Syra on the morning of the 21st. 
Here we were transshipped to another steamboat bound for the Pirseus, the port 
of Athens. This steamer being in quarantine until the 24tli, we were under the 
necessity of coming under the quarantine regulations until that time. We left Syra 
the same day and arrived at the Pirieus next morning. One hour after we landed 
we stood in Athens, the modern capital of Greece. This city, once the seat of all 
the arts and sciences, celebrated for its wisdom and its wealth, its orators, states- 
men, and artists, is now nothing but a village, composed, in the greater part, of 
low houses and dirty, narrow streets. A spirit of improvement, however, is mani- 
festing itself here, which promises to do much for the city, but it will be long 
before she can attain even the shadow of her ancient glory. 

Upon our arrival we hastened to pay our respects to the American Consul, 
Mr. Perdicaris, and to obtain such information as he might deem useful during 
our stay in Greece. We found this gentleman extremely polite and attentive, not 
only in giving us all the necessary information, but in personally assisting us in 
procuring the best gindes and horses for our intended trip through the interior of 
this interesting country. The Rev. Messrs. Benjamin and King, who have resided 
here for a number of years as missionaries from the American Board of Missions, 
were also very kind. These gentlemen are very much respected here. 

We made no delay in visiting the celebrated Acropolis, or citadel situated upon 
a rocky eminence formerly occupying the centre of Athens, now on the southern 
side of it. This place has been a fortress from the earliest ages of Greece. Its 
walls, which form a circuit of nearly three thousand yards, are built upon the edge 
of the rocks. Within them stand those beautiful monuments of antiquity, the 
Parthenon, or Temple of Minerva, the Temple of Victory, the Erechtheum, and 
the Propylsa. The Parthenon was built by Pericles, five hundred vears before 
the Christian era. of white marble. Its dimensions were two hundred and tw^enty- 

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eight feet long and one hundred and ten feet broad, surrounded by a peristyle 
which had eight Doric cohimns in each front and seventeen on the sides. The 
cokunns are six feet in diameter and thirty-four feet in height. The two fronts 
of the building are yet nearly perfect. The roof and the columns on the sides have 
been almost totally destroyed by repeated bombardments of the citadel. At the 
entrance of the citadel stands the Propykea, or frontispiece of the Acropolis, which 
is about as old as the Parthenon. In its present state it has a front of six Doric 
columns of marble, with frieze entablatures, etc. 

Near the Parthenon stands the Erechtheum or triple temple of Minerva, 
Erechtheus, and Pandrosus. 

At the foot of the southeast corner of the Acropolis are the remains of the 
Theatre of Bacchus, where the Grecian tragedies were performed, and where 
Demosthenes was thrice presented with a golden crown. 

Near the Acropolis Hill, is the Areopagus on Mars Hill. A flight of steps cut 
in the solid rock leads to the summit, on which the council of the Areopagus sat as 
judges in the open air, and in the dark, that they might not be influenced by seeing 
or knowing the accuser or the accused. It was upon this spot that the great apostle 
of the Gentiles delivered that touching discourse upon the nature of the true .\nd 
ONLY God, recorded in the seventeenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles. 

A little lower, near the plain, is the Temple of Theseus, built thirty years be- 
fore the Parthenon. This temple is almost in a perfect state of preservation. It is 
a beautiful specimen of Doric order. In it is contained the Museum of Athens. 

By far the largest and most magnificent temple of ancient Athens was that 
of Jupiter Olympus, which was begun by Pisistratus, 530 years before Christ, 
and completed by Adrian a.d. 145, nearly seven hundred years from its commence- 
ment. This temple is surrounded by a peristyle of four rows of ten columns each 
in front, and two rows of twenty each on the sides. Its whole length was three 
hundred and fifty-four feet, and breadth one hundred and seventy-one. Sixteen 
fluted Corinthian columns of white marble six and one-half feet in diameter and 
sixty feet high, are all that remain of this magnificent building. 

Near the city we were shown four curious dungeons, cut in the rock, called 
the Prisons of Socrates. That in which this philosopher drank the poisoned cup 
has its entrance from the top. Above these dungeons is the Hill of Musaeum, 
where Musasus is said to have been buried. 

These are a few of the many interesting objects of antiquity within the 
limits of this ancient city. To describe all would exceed the limits of my letter, 
and perhaps be uninteresting to you. To-morrow we start on horseback for 
Corinth and Napoli di Romania, and return to this place in five or six days. On the 
8th we expect to leave Greece in the Austrian steamer for Smyrna, from which 
place I will again write, describing my journey through the interior of Greece, 
which I have no doubt will be a fatiguing one for me, unaccustomed as I am to 
travel far on horseback. 

Alexander Small. 
York Gazette, Tuesday, August 17, 1841. 

37s 



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LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. lo. 

Constantinople, April 26, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq.: 

My last letter, dated at Atliens, brought up the detail of my journey as far 
as that place. I must now give you a brief account of my travels through a small 
part of Greece, and from that interesting country to Constantinople. 

On the 30th of March our party, consisting of the persons already named in 
a previous letter, left Athens, accompanied by a Greek travelhng servant, who 
acted as cicerone, and three muleteers, requiring the service of seven horses for 
ourselves and baggage. About a mile from Athens we passed the groves of the 
Academian Plato's retirement, and a little farther on the defile of Daphne, in the 
centre of which is an old monastery, l)uilt partly of the ruins of the Temple of 
Venus, vvdiich stood near it. About noon we arrived at the village of Eleusis, a 
wretched, dilapidated town, containing no other remains of its ancient magnifi- 
cence than a few arches of an acineduct and some broken columns and capitals of 
an ancient temple. From Eleusis our road as far as Megara, wdiere we lodged, is 
a mere mule-path, carried along the side of the mountain, and so steep and rocky 
that we were obliged to dismount and walk the greater part of the way. The 
road lies along the margin of the Saronic Gulf, commanding a fine view of the 
gulf and the island of Salamis, where three hundred and eighty Greek ships 
defeated two thousand of the vessels of Xerxes. 

Megara, like Eleusis, is a miserable-looking town with a population of about 
two thousand. The houses, or rather hovels, are built of stone, about nine feet 
high, with flat roofs, plastered. I saw but two houses in the whole town that had 
glass windows. The hotel, or rather stopping-place, has two small rooms for 
travellers, but is neither supplied with beds nor provisions. Our servant, however, 
placed before us an excellent dinner of soup, beef, game, and fruit, which we took 
the precaution to procure before we left Athens. After dinner we spread our 
beds upon the floor, and had it not been for the myriads of fleas, with which this, 
as every other part of Greece, is infested, I should have enjoyed a comfortable 
night's rest after the fatigues of the journey- 
On the 31st of March we left Megara for Corinth, thirty-four miles distant, 
and travelled along a small path over a large uncultivated plain, covered in many 
places with oleander and myrtle bushes. About noon it Ijegan to rain, and con- 
tinued without intermission until we reached Corinth, where we arrived at about 
six o'clock, cold, wet and almost exhausted with fatigue. This city has suffered so 
severely from successive wars, that it now presents only a mass of ruins and a 
complete picture of desolation. It contains but few remains of antiquity, the 
principal of which are seven Doric columns, supposed to have been part of the 
Temple of Minerva. The columns are five feet ten inches in diameter, and the 
shafts are composed of a single piece of limestone. On the eastern side of the 
modern town is an amphitheatre excavated in the solid rock. We remained in 
Corinth one day for the purpose of visiting the Acropolis, or fortifications, on the 

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summit of the Acro-Corinthus, an isolated mountain on the southern side of the 
city, rising to an elevation of eighteen hundred feet above the plain. The fortress 
is considered the strongest in Greece, next to that in Nauplia. Before the introduc- 
tion of artillery it was deemed impregnable, and had never, it is said, been taken 
except by treachery or surprise. Excepting the fortress, there are few objects of 
interest in Corinth. But the splendid panoramic view is the great attraction. It 
embraces the most interesting portion of Greece and the scenes of many of her 
glorious deeds. The view comprehends six of the most celebrated states of 
Greece : before and about us were spread, as upon a gigantic map, Achaia, which 
once gave a name to all Greece ; Locris, whose capital, Locri, was once the most 
wealthy and magnificent city of Magna Graecia ; Phocis, Boeotia, Attica, and 
Argolis, including the mountains of Helican, Parnassus, Cithaeron, Hymettus, and 
Geraneia. 

It is scarcely necessary for me to say that Corinth possesses for the Chris- 
tians the additional interest of having been the residence of St. Paul and one 
of the churches to which he addressed his epistles. 

On the 2d we continued our journey towards Argos, over a thinly settled, 
mountainous, and uncultivated country. About an hour after our departure it 
commenced raining in such torrents that we were obliged to stop at a small khan 
about sixteen miles from Corinth. The owner very politely accommodated us 
w^ith the best room in the house, which was nothing more than the garret of the 
building, and it being unprovided with a chimney, was constantly filled with 
smoke from the lower story. We gave him to understand that we were Ameri- 
cans, which considerably increased his disposition to serve us. I may here remark 
that I passed through no country in which Americans are so well received as in 
Greece, on account of the assistance rendered them during their late revolution- 
ary struggle and the strong republican feeling which exists very extensively 
among the population of the country. 

I enjoyed a tolerable night's rest upon my comforter spread upon the floor; 
and in the morning we continued our journey, under a clear sky, towards Argos 
and Nauplia, or Napoli di Romania. A small distance from the main path are 
the ruins of Mycence, once the capital of Agamemnon, built by Perseus 1300 
years before Christ. The entire circuit of the citadel still exists, and in some 
places the walls are from twenty-five to thirty feet high, composed of immense 
blocks of stone. There are two gates leading into the citadel, each composed of 
two massive upright shafts of stone, covered with a third block, fifteen feet in 
length, four feet wide, and seven feet high in the centre, diminishing towards the 
ends. Upon one of these stands a triangular stone twelve feet long and ten feet 
high, upon which are sculptured, in low relief, two lions rampant. This is called 
" the Gate of Lions." 

Before you arrive at the citadel, you pass a subterranean dome called the 
Tomb of Agamemnon. The tomb contains two chambers, the largest of which 
is forty-seven feet in diameter and fifty feet high. The whole is constructed of 
hewed breccia stone. 

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Eight miles farther on is the town of Argos. Here are the remains of an 
ancient amphitheatre, hewn out of the solid rock, and a cave said to be that of 
Apollo, from which his oracles were delivered. 

Argos is celebrated in the modern history of Greece for the brave defence 
made there by the patriots at the commencement of the revolution in 1822, under 
that distinguished General Demetrius Ypsilanti. 

Leaving Argos, we passed near the Lernean Marsh, where, according to 
classic story, Hercules slew the Hydra. A few miles farther on are the ruins of 
Tyrinthus or Tyrius. This city was built for Prcetus by the Cyclopeans, 1379 
years before the Christian era. The walls are nearly perfect, and composed, like 
those of Mycense, of immense blocks of stone, most of which are at least five feet 
square. This city was destroyed by the Argines 466 years before the Christian 
era. It was the birthplace and frequently the residence of Hercules. 

We arrived at Nauplia early in the afternoon and remained until next day. 
Nauplia is one of the largest and most commercial cities in Greece. It has cer- 
tainly more the appearance of a business place than any other that I saw. It 
was improved considerably under the administration of Capo d'lstrias, who 
fixed the seat of government here. With the exception of its Acropolis, which is 
the strongest fortification in Greece, it possesses little to interest a traveller. The 
only place worthy of notice is the church of St. George, at whose portal Capo 
dTstrias fell by the hands of George Mavromichalis, the son of the celebrated 
general of that name, and now one of the councillors of state to his Majesty. 

On the 4th of April we left Nauplia for Epidaurus, where we arrived at 
four o'clock. This was one of the most important cities of ancient Greece ; but 
as it now possesses nothing to arrest the attention of the stranger, we started on 
the same evening in a small sail-boat for the Piraeus, sending our horses and 
guides by land. The distance from Epidaurus to the Piraeus is about thirty miles. 
Across the Saronic Gulf the voyage may be easily made in five or six hours in 
a sail-boat with a fair wind. We did not reach the Piraeus, however, until the 
next evening, being detained by a calm. We stopped at the island of Egina, 
midway between the two places, for the purpose of visiting tlie remains of 
the temple of Jupiter Panhellenus, twenty-three columns of which, with the 
architrave, are still entire. 

We returned to Athens the same night not a little rejoiced that our troubles 
and fatigues for the present had terminated. Our journey, though confined to 
a small part of the Morea, gave us some idea of the present condition of this 
interesting country. With the exception of Athens, Napoli, and their neighbor- 
hoods, it appears to have made but little progress since its separation from the 
Turkish Empire. Towns that were destroyed during the disastrous period of 
the revolution show but few signs of regeneration, and the soil in the numerous 
valleys of Greece is suffered to lie in waste and uncultivatetl. 

The most fatal blow which the country received during that sanguinary war, 
the moral degradation to which the people had sunk by the long continued 
oppression of their Turkish masters, added to a total want of education, must 

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prevent, for some years to come, her advancement. The administration, as 
much as it may err in some respects, certainly does deserve credit for its liberal 
policy in the encouragement of domestic industry and the establishment of free 
schools and colleges in every part of the kingdom, among which is the Poly- 
technic school under the direction of Mr. Zentner, a distinguished scholar and 
accomplished officer. In this school upward of seven hundred pupils are taught 
the ordinary branches of education, drawing, architecture, and the mechanic arts. 
Towards these institutions the king, with the liberal feeling that characterizes his 
father, the present King of Bavaria, has contributed by his counsel and his funds. 
Under such a ruler Greece must rise to a respectable standing among nations 
of the earth. 

The next day after our arrival, being the anniversary of Grecian inde- 
pendence, I had an opportunity of seeing King Otho and his youthful queen pro- 
ceeding in state to the Greek church. The king was dressed in the Albanian 
costume, consisting of a blue cloth jacket embroidered with silver, with a kind of 
frock called the furtinelle, reaching from the waist to the knees. This is the 
ordinary costume of the Athenians. The day was celebrated b)' a military parade, 
the night by a general illumination. 

On the 8th we left the Pirsus in the French steamer, for Smyrna, having 
been detained at Syra three days on account of some necessary repairs to the 
machinery, and we did not arrive at Smyrna until the 13th. We were now 
in another division of the globe, and in a country the manners, customs, and 
religion of whose people differed widely from those we had previously seen. 

Smyrna is the principal commercial city of Asia Minor, containing about 
one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, of whom eighty thousand are Turks, 
and the rest Greeks, Jews, Armenians, and Franks. Like almost every Turkish 
town, Smyrna is beautiful when seen from a distance, but on a close inspection 
descends rapidly in the opinion of the traveller, and falls far short of the expec- 
tations raised by its first appearance. It is densely inhabited ; the streets are 
narrow and dirty ; the houses are chiefly constructed of wood, weather-boarded, 
having their upper stories projecting. The only objects worthy of a traveller's 
attention are the baz.^ars. These consist of long covered passages or streets, 
divided into a number of small shops, before which nearly the whole stock of mer- 
chandise is paraded on shelves. At the height of about ten feet from the ground 
there is a projecting shelf or counter, upon which the merchant seats himself 
upon cushions, enjoying his favorite pipe. After spending two days pleasantly, we 
engaged passage in the Austrian steamer " Crescent," for Constantinople. The 
deck of our boat was so crowded that it was with difficulty that we could move 
more than a few feet from the cabin door. Turks, Jews, Armenians, Arabs, and 
Greeks were huddled promiscuously together. Among them was a Turkish 
Pacha and suite, who for the sake of economy took a deck passage. 

On our journey we passed the island of Mitylene, anciently Lesbos, the 
birthplace of Sappho, and near the mouth of the Dardanelles we passed close to 
the plains of ancient Troy. No vestige of the city is left. A small mound was 

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shown us as the Tomb of Achilles. We passed through the Dardanelles by 
daylight, and at dusk we entered the Sea of JNIarniora. Next morning at 
daybreak we found ourselves in the Golden Horn beneath the walls of 
Constantinople. 

Constantinople, when viewed from the Seraglio point, where we have 
anchored, is without doubt the most beautiful city I have ever seen. Wherever 
the eye is turned hundreds of mosques with their beautiful domes and pointed 
minarets, chiosks, and palaces, and never-ending groves of cypress, meet the 
view, while in the foreground rises an almost interminable forest of masts from 
the gayly painted vessels of all nations, and all around are thousands of beautiful 
caiques or boats, plying from one side of the Golden Horn to the other. This 
scene alone would repay the traveller for his visit to the East. 

Constantinople, like Smyrna, does not bear close inspection. The streets 
are narrow, crooked, and very dirty, and the greater part of the houses are 
constructed of wood without any regard to architectural taste. 

The city is divided into three parts, separated from each other by a sheet of 
water: Stamboul, inhabited by Turks; Pera and Galata, by Jews, Armenians, 
and Franks ; and Scutari, on the opposite side of the Bosphorus, by the lower 
order of the Turks. The whole population is supposed to be about seven hundred 
thousand. In my next letter I shall describe the several objects which our limited 
stay in the city of the Sultan permitted us to visit. 

Yours truly, 

Alex.\nder Small. 

York Gazette, Tuesday, September 14, 1841. 

LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. 11. 

Constantinople, April 27, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq.: 

I closed my last letter with a promise to send you a description of some of 
the curiosities of this magnificent city, and will redeem that promise so far as I 
am enabled by having spent a very short time in visiting theuL It is not often 
that strangers are permitted either to see the Seraglio or any of the mosques. 
These privileges are only conferred upon persons of distinction who visit Con- 
stantinople, and are generally very expensive for those to whom a firman is 
granted. Our party were so fortunate as to be in Constantinople when a firman 
for that purpose was granted to a Swedish commodore ; and as it is the general 
practice of those who desire to visit the most prominent and at the same time 
least accessible objects of curiosity in this interesting city to attach themselves 
to the suite of those to whom firmans of this character are granted, we sent 

a note to Baron , the Swedish minister, requesting permission to attach 

ourselves to his suite, a request which he very promptly and kindly granted. 

The first object we visited was the Seraglio, at present unoccupied by the 
Sultan.' This splendid work is nearly three miles in circuit; and is beautifully 

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situated at the extremity of Stamboul, upon a point formed by the waters of 
the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmora. It contains within its vast circum- 
ference the Palace, with its beautiful gardens adorned with fountains, the Mint, 
Ancient Armory, and Barrack for the Sultan's body-guard. 

The principal entrance of the Seraglio is a huge pavilion with eight openings, 
over the gate or Porte. This Porte, called The Sublime, is that from which the 
Ottoman empire takes its name. Through this gate we entered the first court, 
on each side of which are the public offices, mint, armory, etc. 

From this court we passed through a gate into a second court handsomely 
paved and embellished with trees. Within this court is the treasury of the Sultan 
and the building in which he formerly received the foreign ambassadors. On 
the right and left are the royal kitchens, — a long range of buildings, embel- 
lished with domes. These kitchens are divided into a number of apartments, 
appropriated to the following purposes : The first for the Sultan ; the next for 
the favorite Sultanas ; the third for the other females of the harem ; then follow 
rooms for the Commander of the Gates ; for the members of the Divan ; for 
the pages of the Sultan ; for the officers of the Seraglio ; for women and 
maid-servants ; mutes and such as are obliged to attend the Divan on days of 
session. 

Passing from this court through another gate, we entered the grounds occu- 
pied by the royal palace. We were shown through the whole of the apartments. 
Some of the rooms are magnificently ornamented, but most of them are con- 
structed rather with regard to comfort than style. Each suite of apartments is 
provided with handsome and convenient bathing-rooms ; and several apartments 
on the ground floor have beautiful fountains, that give a refreshing coolness to 
the atmosphere. The Sultan's private mosque and library occupy separate build- 
ings. The latter contains about one thousand volumes, which I presume, from 
their appearance, were never read. 

We next visited the Mosque of St. Sophia, the old Constantinople Cathedral, 
built in the year 538 by the Emperor Justinian, one of the most remarkable 
churches in Christendom. The church is in the form of a Greek cross, sur- 
mounted by a stupendous dome, one hundred and fifteen feet in diameter, rising 
to the height of one hundred and eighty feet from the floor. Three of its sides 
are surmounted by vaulted colonnades covered with cupolas ; the fourth side 
forms the grand entrance to the Mosque. The walls are of polished stone. There 
are ten gates or entrances, the doors of which are of bronze, adorned with 
crosses, which the Turks have mutilated. The spaces between the doors are 
covered with beautiful watered marble, and above them are still to be seen the 
remains of mosaic pictures. A gallery, sixty paces wide, paved with marble, runs 
along three interior sides of the building. From this gallery alone we could 
embrace, with a coup d'ccil, the magnificence of the edifice, together with the 
wonderful dome, that seems balanced in the air, and its wings or half-domes on 
the east and west, which are flanked, if I may use the expression, by three small 
cupolas on either side, so that the roof of the temple, formed of nine cupolas, 

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rises regularly and magnificently to the great dome in the centre, which forms 
the summit. The length of the interior of the church is two hundred and sixty- 
nine feet, and the breadth one hundred and forty-three feet. The church contains 
one hundred and seven columns, the mystic number bestowed upon the House of 
Wisdom. Of these there are eight porphyry columns from the Temple of the 
Sun of Aurelia, which the Roman Patrician, Marina, received as her dowry and 
made over to Justinian, four of beautiful green granite brought by the Prsetor 
Constantine from the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, and four from the Temple 
of Solomon at Jerusalem. The interior decorations of St. Sophia, said to have 
adorned the ceiling, have been plastered over since the conversion of the church 
into a mosque, and their places supplied by Arabic inscriptions ; and the names 
of four companions of the Prophet — Ebubekar, Omar, Osman, and Ali — figure 
under the names of the four archangels, Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, and Israel. 
On each side of the pulpit two flags are suspended, denoting the victories of 
Islam over Judaism and Christianity, and of the Koran over the Old and New 
Testament. 

The Temple of St. Sophia is said to have exceeded in magnificence, at the 
time of its completion by Justinian, all the buildings of its character that had 
previously been erected. An interesting description of its construction, given 
by an old historian, Paul Silentarius, I shall transcribe from a work in my 
possession : 

" A hundred architects superintended it ; five hundred masons worked on 
the right side and five hundred on the left, according to a plan laid down by an 
angel who appeared to the emperor in a dream. The angel appeared the second 
time as a eunuch, in a brilliant white tlress, on a Saturday, to a boy who was 
guarding the tools of the masons, and ordered him to bring tlie workmen im- 
mediately to hasten the work. As the boy refused, the angel swore, by the 
Wisdom of God, that he would not depart until the boy returned, and that in 
the mean time he would watch over the building. When the boy was led before 
the emperor, and could not find the eunuch who had appeared to him, the em- 
peror perceived that it had been an angel ; and in order that he might forever 
keep his word, resolved, according to the word of the angel, to dedicate it to the 
Word of God, the Divine Wisdom. Again the angel appeared a third time as a 
eunuch in a brilliant white garb, when the building was finished as far as the 
cupola ; but when there was not sufficient money to finish it, he led the mules to 
the treasury and loaded them with eighty hundredweight of gold, which they 
brought to the emperor, who immediately recognized the wonderful hand of 
the angel." 

Thus did an angel, according to our author, give the plan, the name, and 
the funds for the construction of the wonder of the middle ages. He then goes 
on to give an account of the interior decorations of the church. He says, " The 
altar was to be more costly than gold ; and consequently it was composed of 
every species of metal, matted together with gold and silver, and crusted with pearls 
and jewels, and its cavity, which is called the sea, was then set with the most 

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costly stones. Above the altar rose the tabernacle, on which rested a golden 
cupola, ornamented with gold lilies, between which was a golden cross weighing 
seventy-five pounds, adorned with precious stones. The seven seats of the priests, 
together with the throne of the Patriarch, were of silver gilt. On the one side 
stood the reading-desk or pulpit, surmounted by a gold cross weighing a hundred 
pounds and glittering with carbuncles and pearls. The sacred vessels destined 
for the twelve great feasts of the year were of the purest gold, and of chalice 
cloths, worked with pearls and jewels, there were alone forty-two thousand. 
There were twenty-four colossal books of the Evangelists, each of which, with 
its gold covering, weighed twenty hundredweight ; and the vine-formed can- 
delabra of gold for the high altar, the pulpit, the upper gallery for the females, 
and the vestibule amounted to six thousand. Besides these there were ten golden 
candelabra, adorned with carved figures, each weighing one hundred and eleven 
pounds. The doors were of ivory, amber, and cedar, — the principal door silver 
gilt, — and three of them veneered with planks said to have been taken from 
Noah's Ark. The form of the holy font in the church was that of the celebrated 
fountain of Samaria ; and the four trumpets which were blown above it by angels, 
were said to be the same at whose blast the walls of Jericho fell. The floor 
was originally to have been paved with plates of gold ; but Justinian abandoned 
this idea, fearing that such a step might lead his successors to destroy the work 
altogether. The ground was therefore paved with variegated marble, whose 
waving lines imitated the advance of the sea, so that from the four corners of the 
temple, the apparently waving marble flood rolled onward into the vestibules like 
the four rivers of Paradise. The forecourt enclosed in its centre a water spout 
of jasper, in order that the holy ground should not be trodden by the visitors 
with unwashed feet. But the priests had their own washing-place within the 
church, near the women's gallery, where twelve shells received the rain water, 
and twelve lions, twelve leopards, and twelve does spat it out again. The bring- 
ing together and preparing of the building-materials occupied seven and one-half 
years. When it was finished and furnished with all the sacred vessels, the 
emperor, on Christmas eve, drove to it with four horses from the palace, accom- 
panied by the Patriarch. He entered the church, and then ran along from the 
entrance of the hall to the pulpit, when, with outstretched arms, he cried, " God 
be praised who hath esteemed me worthy to complete such a work. Solomon, I 
have surpassed thee !" 

The foregoing, though in some measure fabulous, may serve to convey some 
idea of the manner in which this magnificent temple was formerly decorated by 
the Emperor Justinian. 

Leaving St. Sophia, we visited the three other great mosques, — those of 
Solyman the Magnificent, Sultan Achmet, and Sultan Mahomet. They are built 
in the style of St. Sophia, and appear to have been copied from it. 

The mosque of Solyman is the most perfect masterpiece of Ottoman archi- 
tecture. Although constructed after the plan of St. Sophia, and of the same 
dimensions, it is not so encumbered by colonnades and galleries. On its immense 

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dome is inscribed the same verse from the Koran as that on the cupola of St. 
Sophia : 

" God is the hght of Heaven and Earth : His Hght is a wisdom on the wall, 
in which a lamp burns covered with glass. The glass shines like a star — the lamp 
is lit with oil of a blessed tree. No Eastern, no Western oil, it shines for 
whoever wills." 

The mosque of Sultan Achmet differs from the two former in having its 
dome supported by four enormous columns of marble thirty-six feet in circum- 
ference. To each of the great mosques is attached a quadrangular forecourt, 
surrounded by arcades, having in its centre a fountain at which the Mussulmans 
perform their ablutions three times a day. To many of them are attached 
hospitals, schools, and charitable institutions of various characters. 

During our visit to the mosques we saw Mussulmans performing the devo- 
tional services. They consist of frequent prostrations at a signal given by the 
Imaum, while one sings a short ejaculatory prayer at each prostration. The 
whole ceremony lasts about an hour, and is performed thrice every day. 

Leaving the mosques, we visited the mausoleum of the late Sultan Mahmoud. 
It is a beautiful octangular edifice constructed of white marble in the Grecian 
style. In it is a sarcophagus containing the body of Alahmoud, surrounded by a 
railing of solid silver and surmounted by a Turkish cap studded with brilliants. 
The floor is beautifully carpeted, and here, as in the mosques, we were obliged 
to put on slippers over our boots, or enter in stocking feet. The wives of the late 
Sultan come here daily to make devotions at his shrine, and were leaving the 
mausoleum as we entered. As it is the custom of the Turkish ladies to cover 
the whole face excepting the point of the nose, we could form no idea of their 
personal appearance. 

This visit to Mahmoud's mausoleum completed the objects which we were 
allowed by the firman to visit. The next morning we hired a caique and rowed 
across the Bosphorus to Scutari, that division of Constantinople which lies in 
Asia. The two grand objects of this place are the Howling Dervishes and the 
never-ending cemetery of the Mussulmans. The Dervishes are a community of 
monks who perform part of their devotions by a strange and rapid movement 
of their bodies, accompanied by a hideous kind of song or howl. Being strangers, 
from whom, of course, they expect a fee, we were politely furnished with a good 
situation to view the performance. The ceremony begins by an ordinary prayer, 
repeated five times, accompanied by frequent prostrations. After this they all 
seat themselves in a circle ; and after another prayer, chanted in a monotonous 
voice, they rise and begin slowly their profession of faith, " Lo-illah-illiah-lah !" 
interpreted : " There is no God but God." This they divide into six syllables ; 
at the first they bend the body forward, at the second rise up, and at the third 
bend backward, which motion is repeated at the three following syllables. The 
motion becomes more rapid as they continue, always keeping time with the song. 
At last the motions become so rapid that they are obliged to pronounce but two 
syllables. This rapid movement continues about fifteen minutes, when, at a given 

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signal from the sheik, or higli priest, they all bend forward, and after a 
short interval renew the ceremony. One man, during the highest state of the 
general excitement, stepped out from among the rest and fell upon the floor 
in convulsions, an incident not uncommon among them. 

Before we entered the mosque we walked some distance into the great 
cemetery of Scutari. Tiiis, like all Turkish burying-grounds, is covered thickly, 
through its whole extent, with cypress-trees. It is said that there are more than 
two millions of persons buried here, and as it is forbidden by the religion of the 
Mahometan ever to disturb a grave, each one preserves its identity. The graves, 
with the exception of those of the great (over which monuments are erected), 
are provided with head and foot-stones. The graves of the men are surmounted 
by a turban, to distinguish them from those of the females. The Turks suppose 
the soul to be in a state of torment from the time of death until the body is buried. 
On that account no sooner has the spirit fled than the body is hurried, with rapid 
pace, to the grave, and it is remarked that it is the only occasion on which a 
Turk is known to be in a hurry. 

There is another community of monks called the Dancing Dervishes, residing 
in Galata. near my place of boarding, and we took occasion to visit them on the 
day of their performance. They differ from the Howding Dervishes in their 
motion, that of the Dancing Dervishes being gyratory. At a given signal bv the 
sheik, they one after another enter upon the floor, and with their arms held 
straight out spin around like a top for fifteen minutes. This, like the ceremony 
of their liowling brethren, is repeated three or four times, when the performance 
closes. During the ceremony two of the choristers sing a hymn accompanied 
by taps upon a small drum. It is astonishing that they are able so long to continue 
a motion which most persons are unable to keep up for more than a minute. 

By far the most attractive place in Constantinople, and that in which 
strangers pass the greater part of their time, is the bazaar. It forms a complete 
labyrinth, extending for miles in different directions. A person fairly entered 
for the first time could hardly find his way out. Here all the necessities and 
luxuries of life are exposed for sale ; and to each branch of merchandise is 
appropriated a separate district. The magnificent and beautiful display of costly 
articles is not surpassed either in London or Paris. One division almost dazzles 
the eye with its splendid display of gold-embroidered silks and muslins. Another 
attracts the attention by its great apartment of Cashmere shawds and Persian 
carpets. A third contains a glittering assortment of diamonds, and a fourth 
manufactured silver of every description. I stepped into the book bazaar for the 
purpose of purchasing an illuminated copy of the Koran. The old Turk, so far 
from selling me one, would not even permit me to look into it. How different, 
thought I, are these people from us! We are laboring to place our Bible into 
the hands of every one, while they will not permit an infidel (or Christian dog, 
as they term us) even to touch theirs. 

Among the few objects of antiquity existing in Constantinople are the Cis- 
tern, or Reservoir, of Constantine, consisting of a succession of arches supported 

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by a thousand and one columns ; the cokunns of Theodosius in the SeragHo 
garden, which are of the Corinthian order and fifty feet high ; and the ruins of 
the aqueduct of Valens. 

The dogs of Constantinople are among tlie wonders that attract the atten- 
tion of the stranger. These animals are the property of no one, and may be 
considered the only scavengers of the city. Their number is countless, and they 
infest every part of the city. I counted sixty or seventy in one spot. They, like 
the Turks, appear to have a particular aversion to the Franks, so that it is 
dangerous to visit those quarters of the city that are least frequented by 
foreigners. 

On the Friday (or Turkish Sabbath) following my arrival in this city I had 
a fine opportunity of seeing the Sultan, while he passed from his palace to the 
mosque by water. The Sultan, in his magnificent caique, which was covered with 
gold and rowed by eighteen men, followed by several others almost equal in 
splendor, containing the officers of state, passed very near us as we stood on 
the extreme end of a pier. About one hundred yards from the shore were 
moored in a range the vessels of the Sultan's fleet, consisting of twenty-four ships 
of the line, among which was the " Mahmondi," the largest ship in the world. 
During his passage each ship fired a salute of twenty-one guns. This was cer- 
tainly one of the greatest exhibitions of the kind I ever saw. The Sultan is a 
fine-looking young man, not over twenty-one years of age. His costume was in 
the European style ; he wore a plain blue frock coat with a standing collar. On 
his head he wore the fez, or the red Turkish cap. 

My limited stay in Turkey prevents me from noticing minutely the habits of 
the people. I am not able, therefore, to give you, from my personal observation, 
much information on that subject. From the little intercourse I had with them 
in the bazaars, and their general reputation, I am convinced that they are more 
honest than the Greeks and Armenians. A Turk will not lie nor cheat, — his 
religion prohibits it, — and no people so strictly obey the mandates of their reli- 
gion as they. A Greek or Armenian seems to allow no opportunity for cheating 
or thieving to pass unimproved. The Turks appear to be extremely indolent, 
and on that account are generally superseded in business by the Armenians. Let 
a Turk be fairly seated upon his counter, enjoying the smoke of his chibouque, 
and he loses the sight of business. In their persons they are cleanly — their 
religion commands them to be so. Three times a day they perform their ablu- 
tions ; and to accommodate them in this habit, or, rather, the performance of this 
duty, every mosque is provided with a fountain ; and hot baths are to be found 
in every part of the city, to which they daily repair, not only to bathe, but to 
have themselves scrubbed front head to feet with a stifif brush. I entered one 
of these baths when at least a dozen men were underdoing the operation. 

As I have had frequent occasions to mention the Armenians, I will add that 
they constitute a distinct race of people scattered over a vast territory. Their 
source is the ancient kingdom of Armenia. Their total number is said to be 
about two millions. In Constantinople they are the principal bankers and busi- 

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ness men. Their religion, which is Christian, bears a close resemblance to that 
of the Greek church. About fifteen thousand acknowledge the supremacy of the 
Pope; the others are under the jurisdiction of Patriarchs. Their language is 
peculiar to them, and is said to be extremely difficult to acquire. 

On this day I sail for Syra, where I shall be obliged to make nine days' 
quarantine. From that place I shall turn my face homeward, without making 
the tour of S3Tia as I had contemplated. The existence of the plague throughout 
all Palestine, the difficulties that exist among its inhabitants, and the advanced 
state of the season prevent my companions from visiting that country so rich in 
interest, and to go alone would be rather a hazardous undertaking. 

Yours, 

Alexander Sm.\ll. 

York Gazette, Tuesday, September 21, 1841. 

LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. 12. 

Lazaretto, Trieste, May 25, 1841. 

De.ar Brothers, — On the afternoon of the 27th of April our party, with the 
exception of Mr. Phelps, left Constantinople in the French steamer for Syra, 
one of the Grecian isles, where we were to make a quarantine of nine days 
before we could engage passage for Trieste. 

After an absence of ten months, during which time I travelled upward of 
eight thousand five hundred miles, I at length determined to retrace my steps ; 
and for the first time since my departure from the United States, to turn my 
face towards home. 

The third day of our departure brought us again to Smyrna, where the 
steamer stopped long enough to allow us to visit our friends and make a few 
purchases. Two days more brought us to Syra, where we were landed at the 
Lazaretto in company with twenty or thirty others, and marched like a body of 
prisoners to our respective rooms. One small chamber was allotted to our party. 
Against this I protested with the warden, and intimated that I would complain 
to the authorities at Athens when I should arrive there. He appeared to be will- 
ing to accommodate us, and after a little preliminary arrangement with the 
governor we were allowed to occupy the apartments generally allotted to persons 
of rank and distinction. The Lazaretto is a handsome and commodious building 
recently erected, near the town of Syra, and enclosed by a high wall. It com- 
mands a fine view of the harbor and town. In consequence of the unusually 
large amount of emigration, at present, from the Island of Candia, it is hardly 
large enough to accommodate all who come. Persons undergoing quarantine 
are allowed the use of the yard and forecourt ; but they are carefully watched 
by a guard who attends them, that they may not come into contact with any 
excepting those who arrive on the same vessel with them, as it would subject 
the person touched to a repetition of quarantine, even if he were just closing his 
first probation. The quarantine establishments of Syra and of the Piraeus are 

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well conducted, and comfortable. The whole system has of late years been 
remodelled under the counsel of Dr. Reeser. This gentleman is the physician 
to the court of Greece, and is distinguished alike for his talents and the kindness 
with which he has uniforml}- treated American travellers. I can not avoid 
expressing my gratitude here for the civilities he has shown our party while at 
Athens. 

Our nine days of quarantine were spent chiefly in writing up our journals 
and discussing and arranging plans for our homeward journey. On the nth 
we engaged our passage in the Austrian steamer, for Trieste, and started the 
same evening for Piraeus, where we arrived earlv next morning. While the 
boat was detained we made another visit to Athens, about half an hour's ride. 
At five o'clock we were again on our way, and on the morning of the 14th we 
anchored in the port of Patras. On our way we passed close to the town of 
Navarino and the Island of Zante. On the opposite shore of the Gulf of Patras 
we saw Missolonghi, where Lord Byron ended his career. The town of Patras 
was so completely destroyed during the revolution that barely a vestige of it 
was left. The present place is regularly laid out and improving rapidly. It is 
well situated for commercial purposes, and carries on an extensive trade in 
currants, which are a species of dwarf grapes cultivated here and on the Island 
of Zante in immense quantities. 

On the 14th we arrived at Corfu, one of the Ionian Islands, and the residence 
of the Lord High Commissioner. This island is very fertile ; and on its eastern 
shore is the town of Corfu, beautifully situated, and containing a population of 
about sixty thousand. There is a handsome palace in the town erected by Sir 
Thomas Maitland. 

Among the objects of curiosity in Corfu is the church of St. Spiridion, the 
patron saint of the island, whose body is preserved there in a silver case. He 
was a member of the Council of Nice in 325. Two Greek priests in vestments 
opened the case for our party, and during the exposure of the body they chanted 
alternately in low musical voices. The body is well preserved, and resembles an 
Egyptian mummy. 

On the 19th we arrived at Trieste, stopping on our way at the city of Ancona, 
where we were not allowed to land on account of our being on quarantine. 

Upon our arrival at Trieste, we were landed at the quarantine grounds, to 
undergo another nine days' incarceration in the Lazaretto. The rooms of this 
building are not so comfortable as those in the Lazaretto at Syra. but the food is 
much better. 

On the 28th we receive pratique. I shall then pursue my journey as rapidly 
as I can, through Austria. Prussia, and Holland, to England, which I expect to 
reach some time in July. 

Alex.xnder Sm.\ll. 

P. A. & S. Small. 

York Gazette, Tuesday, September 28, 1841. 



appcnDijc 



LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. 13. 

Vienna, June 25, 1841. 
A. J. Glossbrenner, Esq. : 

After an incarceration of nine days in the Lazaretto of Trieste, we were per- 
mitted to enter this city, tlie principal seaport of the Austrian empire, and one of 
the most beautiful cities on the continent of Europe. Unlike the generality of 
European cities, it is regularly built ; the streets are spacious and well paved, with 
sidewalks. It contains a population of ninety thousand, remarkable for commercial 
enterprise. 

From this place I made two excursions, one to Venice, where I had previously 
been, and another to the quicksilver mines of Idria, the richest in the world. Idria 
is a small town of about four thousand inhabitants, situated in the bottom of a 
basin-shaped valley, hemmed in on all sides by mountains. Our party arrived 
there at nine o'clock at night, and were immediately waited upon by a corporal of 
the body of miners (who, to the number of four or five hundred, are regularly 
enrolled like soldiers), to conduct us to the mines. After taking some refresh- 
ments, and providing ourselves each with a suit of miner's clothes, we commenced 
our descent, by a regular flight of stone steps, to the first field, about one hundred 
and fifty feet deep. Long arched passages led in different directions horizon- 
tally to where the miners were excavating. In this field the ore is obtained in the 
form of a sulphuret or cinnabar, yielding from forty to fifty per cent, of quick- 
silver. Another flight of steps brought us about one hundred and fifty feet lower, 
to the second field. The ore here in some places yields as much as seventy per cent. 
We descended until we reached a field at the depth of four hundred and fifty feet, 
where the heat was so intolerable that we were soon forced to retrace our steps. 
In this field virgin quicksilver is found in small globules in a slaty stratum. I 
selected some choice specimens for my mineralogical friends, and commenced a 
most fatiguing ascent to the surface of the earth, where I arrived at twelve o'clock, 
having been in the mines something more than two hours. The whole depth of the 
mines is about twelve hundred feet; few visitors, however, feel interest enough 
to go to the bottom, especially as they are obliged to endure a heat of eighty-six 
degrees Fahrenheit. 

Next morning, at five o'clock, our corporal waited upon us to show us the 
process of obtaining the quicksilver from the ore. We were first shown the 
washing-house, where the ore, containing the native metal, is placed in a succession 
of movable trays, over which a current of water is made to pass. The stream 
clears away the lighter particles of dirt, and the metal is by a jerk sent to the back 
part of the trays, where it is collected. We were then shown another apartment, 
where the refuse from the washing operation and the cinnabar or sulphuret is 
exposed for the action of heat. Here the quicksilver is driven off in the form 
of vapor and condensed upon the sides of the chamber, where it runs down to 
an inclined surface below the floor of the chamber, passing off like a number of 
little springs into a common stream which discharges itself at the extremity of 

19 289 



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the building. The whole process is exceedingly interesting, and well worth the 
visit. 

The inhabitants of this and the neighboring provinces of Austria speak the 
Sclavonic language. German is neither spoken nor understood except by keepers 
of public houses. 

On our return we visited the Grotto or Cave of Adelsberg, the greatest curi- 
osity of its kind in the world. It happened, while we were there, to be brilliantly 
illuminated for a ball, to the extent of three miles. The view on first entering, 
where the river which flows through the cavern is crossed by a handsome bridge, is 
singularly rich and beautiful. The walls and roof are covered with the most 
brilliant stalactites, many of which resemble sculptured figures. About a mile and 
a half from the entrance is the ball-room, where upon this occasion, a fine band of 
music had been provided for the entertainment of visitors. 

On the 1 2th of June our party left Trieste for Gratz, the capital city of Styria, 
one of the Austian provinces, distant two hundred and twelve miles from Trieste. 
The greater part of our road lay through highly cultivated valleys, skirted by the 
Styrian and Corinthian Alps, many of whose summits are crowned with the ruins 
of ancient castles. 

Not far from Gratz, upon the banks of the river iMur, is a rocky precipice 
called the Jungfernsprung (or Maiden's Leap), which is the scene of the catas- 
trophe of a popular tradition. The story is that a beautiful girl, the daughter of 
the lord of Goesting (whose castle may be seen upon an eminence near the Jung- 
fernsprung), was loved by two friends, who, to decide their several pretensions 
to her hand, met and fought, and one was killed. The lover who was killed was 
the one most favored by the maiden, and on hearing of his fate, she threw herself 
from the precipice. 

We arrived at Gratz on the I3tli, and remained until the morning of the 15th, 
when we continued our journey towards Vienna. The greater part of the road 
from Gratz to Vienna lies in the province of Styria, called in Germany Steinmark, 
celebrated for its numerous and extensive iron-works. In this province the Ger- 
man scythes, so common in our country, are made. The country generally is finely 
cultivated ; and, unlike the other parts of the continent, the farmers, instead of 
living in villages, have fine dwellings and out-houses upon their farms, and live 
pretty much as farmers in Pennsylvania. It was the first time during my travels 
that I saw a country like my own, with a population happy, industrious, contented, 
and free from beggary. 

On the i6th we entered Vienna, and were immediately conducted to the Cus- 
tom-House, where our baggage was strictly examined by the officers for any con- 
traband articles. I unfortunately had in my possession about thirty letters of 
introduction, which were forthwith seized, and upon which I was told there was 
a heavy penalty. These were detained : and after signing a long document, I was 
politely asked to attend at the police office on the following morning. I accord- 
ingly did so, and there they examined such of my letters as they were able to read ; 
after which T was sent to the Staats Kanzley, where the letters were again ex- 

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amined. The judge, or councillor, handed me the letters, with the information 
that I was to pay a fine of five dollars. I remonstrated, with the best German I 
could muster, against the injustice of the sentence, and the impropriety of fining 
a traveller for carrying about him testimonials of his character and standing at 
home. A further consultation was then held by the officers, when they concluded 
to leave me ofT with a fine of sixteen cents ( !) which I paid to get rid of the 
business. I then signed another document of three folio sheets, and left them. 

Among the cities of Europe which I have visited, Vienna has no parallel. 
It is generally acknowledged to be the most beautiful, gay, and at the same time 
most agreeable of all the continental cities. It yields to few cities in architectural 
splendor, and to none in the charms of its environs. Feasting, dancing, and 
music appear to be the order of the day. Its walks, gardens, parks, and saloons 
are continually thronged with all classes of society, from the prince to the peasant ; 
and yet, amidst all this apparent dissipation, a case of drunkenness or breach of 
the peace rarely occurs. 

Of the various objects of interest which this city possesses, I will mention a 
few of the most prominent. Among these is St. Stephen's Cathedral, a lofty and 
elegant Gothic edifice remarkable for its fine architectural style and its lofty towers. 
The church is three hundred and fifty feet long by two hundred and twenty wide. 
Its interior is handsome, though inferior in decorations to the Italian churches. 
The tower, four hundred and sixty-five feet high, is a masterpiece of Gothic 
architecture. The great bell, made of one hundred and eighty pieces of cannon 
taken from the Turks, weighs thirty-seven thousand pounds, and is eleven feet in 
diameter. 

The Capuchin church is only remarkable as containing the vault of the Im- 
perial family. Here we w-ere shown the coffins of the royal family, from the time 
of the Emperor Mathias to Francis the First. The most interesting sarcophagus 
was that of the Duke of Reichstadt, Napoleon's son, — a simple copper coffin with 
a cross and inscription. Alongside of him repose the remains of his grandfather, 
the late Emperor Francis. 

The church of the Augustines contains in one of its small chapels the hearts 
of the Imperial family. We were conducted into the chapel in which they were 
deposited. Each heart was enclosed in a small plain silver urn, and arranged 
upon a shelf. We were permitted to handle them. It is the singular custom — a 
custom as absurd as revolting — to bury the bodies of the Imperial family in the 
Capuchin church, their hearts in the church of the Augustines, and their bowels in 
St. Stephen's. 

The Imperial palace is an extensive structure, containing in its private apart- 
ments nothing worth noticing. In one part of it is the imperial jewel office. Here 
we saw the regalia of Charlemagne, taken from his grave at Aix-la-Chapelle. 
They were used at the coronation of the Roman emperors for many centuries, and 
consist of his crown, sceptre, orb, and sword. Here are also the Austrian regalia, 
rich with diamonds and pearls : the crown, sceptre, and robes worn bv Napoleon 
at his coronation in Milan as King of Lombardy ; and a magnificent collection of 

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precious stones, among which is the celebrated Florentine diamond, weighing one 
hundred and thirty-three carats, won and lost by Charles the Bold. We were also 
shown the cradle of young Napoleon, of silver gilt, presented to him by the citizens 
of Paris. 

The Imperial arsenal is said to be one of the richest and most extensive in 
Europe. In the court-yard is hung in festoons the great chain of eight thousand 
links, thrown by the Turks across the Danube to interrupt the navigation. Here 
are also a number of suits of steel armor worn by the early Austrian princes, the 
buff coat of elk-skin worn by the great Gustavus Adolphus at the battle of Lutzen, 
and a great number of standards taken by the Austrians during their wars, among 
which is the great sacred standard of Mahomet, captured in 1683. 

The Belvidere Palace contains the Imperial gallery of paintings, a most 
extensive collection of works by the old masters. 

There is no city in Europe so abundantly supplied with handsome promenades 
and places of amusement as Vienna. A broad belt, or glacis, as it is called, laid 
off into walks and planted with trees, completely surrounds the city and divides it 
from the suburbs. This abounds with cafes and restaurants. At the close of the 
day the greater part of the population resort to these places. Innumerable tables 
are spread, where, within hearing of an excellent band of music, they sip their 
coffee and ices. 

The principal resort of the middle and lower classes is a park of some miles 
in extent, immediately without the suburbs. On Sundays, in particular, this park 
presents a scene much like a great fair. As far as the eye can reach there are 
cafes, restaurants, shows, theatres, punchinellos, swings, flying horses, in fact 
everything that can be devised to amuse. 

Among other places of amusement I must not omit to mention the dancing- 
saloons and conversation-houses. These extensive and magnificent saloons are 
generally upon the ground floor, facing a handsome garden, which, with the 
saloon, is brilliantly illuminated. A band of first-rate performers usually attends 
and forms the principal attraction. A small admission fee of about eight cents of 
our money is paid at the door. These places are most frequented on Sunday even- 
ings, by persons of both sexes. Adjoining the ball-room is an extensive suite of 
apartments filled with supper-tables, where refreshments of all kinds may be 
procured. 

On Wednesday next our party, consisting of Messrs. Johnson, Haight, and 
Vassar, of New York, and myself, will leave for Brunn by the railroad, on our 
way to Prague and Berlin. At the latter place I will again write to you. 

Yours truly, 

Alex.xnder Small. 

York Gazette, Tuesday, October 5, 1841. 



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LETTERS FROM ABROAD. No. 14. 

Berlin, July 23, 1841. 
A. J. Glossisrenner, Esq.: 

Contrary to my expectation when I addressed you last from Vienna, our party 
concluded to visit Pesth, the chief city of Hungary. We accordingly took passage 
in one of the Danube steamers on the afternoon of the 19th of June, and arrived at 
Presburg on the same evening. Next morning at six o'clock we again embarked, 
and arrived at Pesth in the evening, one hundred and eighty-two miles from 
Vienna. 

I was surprised upon my arrival to find a city almost equal to Vienna for the 
beauty of its public and private edifices. Its fine quay along the Danube, lined with 
buildings constructed in the purest style of Italian architecture, can hardly find its 
parallel in any city of Europe. The city is regularly laid out in squares ; and the 
peculiar style adopted in London and Vienna in the construction of private build- 
ings is generally followed here. I allude to the plan of building a block or square 
in such a way as to produce the appearance of one immense public building. 

We remained here two days — a sufficient time to visit all the remarkable 
objects — and set out on the morning of the 3d of July, by what is called the 
Bauern Post (Peasant's Post), for Vienna. To give you some idea of this 
method of travelling, it is necessary that you should know something of the 
general method of travelling in the Austrian dominions. The travelling facilities, 
independently of railroads, are generally greater in this country than they are in 
the United States. You have in the first place the ordinary Eilwagen, or stage- 
coach, with regular relays of horses every ten miles. These are conducted by the 
government, and run at fixed hours. Then there is an especial arrangement by 
which four persons may engage a separate coach, over which they have, of course, 
exclusive control, stopping at such points on the road and remaining as long as 
their inclinations may prompt. Another method is posting, by which persons 
having their own carriage, may receive permission at the police office to obtain 
post-horses and postillions at the several stations on their route, by paying the 
legally established rates. The peasant's post differs materially from the latter. It 
is quite a distinct establishment, managed by peasants, who drive their own horses, 
and it is one-third cheaper and at least twice as expeditious as the ordinary post, 
ten miles an hour being the rate at which they generally travel. Having no 
carriage of our own, we were obliged to be content with such a vehicle as they 
could furnish. This consisted of an ordinary farm wagon, with a seat strapped 
across a seat of ladders for two of us, and a straw seat for two more. By this 
awkward conveyance, shaken along at the rate of ten miles an hour, and driven 
by an Hungarian peasant with his long hair streaming in the wind, we arrived on 
the first evening at a small town within a short distance of Presburg, having 
travelled that day one hundred and twenty miles. The next day we remained in 
Presburg ; and on the third we were again in Vienna. 

The greater part of our road from Pesth to Vienna lay through an extensive 

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and richly cukivated plain, covered, as far as the eye could reach on either side, 
with very line crops of grain, principally wheat. Some tracts contained at least 
five hundred acres of this grain alone. 

Hungary is an independent kingdom, with a population of ten millions, 
under the dominion of the Emperor of Austria, who is crowned at Presburg 
King of Hungary. It is governed by a viceroy who is st3led Palatine ; and the 
laws are administered by a Diet or Parliament composed of two Chambers, mag- 
nates or peers forming the Upper House, and deputies the Lower House. It is 
said to be the oldest parliament in Europe, dating back more than seven hundred 
years. The higher classes of society, composed of nobles and owners of estate, 
are well educated, and generally speak from four to six languages, among which 
is the Latin. I was astonished to hear a promiscuous party of Hungarians on 
board a steamer conversing for hours in that language. I was informed by one 
of them that a knowledge of Latin was indispensable, not only for those who 
studied the professions, but for all those who desired to become members of the 
Diet, in which, until within a year or two, the debates were conducted in Latin 
exclusively. 

The peasants or farmers form a distinct class, having neither the privileges 
nor the rights of higher classes. They do all the labor and pay all the taxes of 
the government. Nothing disgusted me so much as to perceive the extent to 
which this oppression was carried. As an instance, I will mention that the bridge 
across the Danube is free for the well-dressed man, while a toll is exacted from 
every peasant or laboring man who crosses it. 

The language generally spoken by the Hungarians, and exclusively by the 
peasants, is the Magyar, totally different from any European language, and said 
to bear a strong resemblance to the Hindoo. 

After visiting Lachsenburg, the beautiful summer residence of the Emperor 
Francis, with its modern antique castle, I left Vienna for Prague, two hundred 
and eighty miles distant, eighty miles of which were travelled upon the Brunn 
railroad. A few miles from Vienna the road crosses the blood-stained field of 
VVagram, and near the termination of the railroad is the field of Austerlitz, re- 
markable as the scene of one of Napoleon's most brilliant victories. At Brunn 
our party engaged a separate Eilwagen, to convey us to Prague, where we 
arrived on the evening of the loth of July. This, the capital city of Bohemia, 
with a population of one hundred and twenty thousand, is beautifully situated 
upon the banks of the river Moldan, portions of it occupying each side of the 
stream. The two parts are connected by a bridge one thousand seven hundred 
and ninety feet long and ornamented on each side with twenty-eight statues of 
saints, one of which is a well-executed bronze statue of St. Nepomuk, the 
patron saint of the city, who, according to tradition, was thrown from the bridge 
and drowned by order of King Wenceslaus, because he refused to reveal the 
secrets confided to him by the queen. The spot from which he was thrown is 
marked by five stars in imitation of the miraculous flame which was seen over 
the place where his body lay in the water. From this circumstance he is also 

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regarded as the patron saint of bridges, and his statue now crowns nearly every 
bridge of importance in the Austrian dominions. 

Prague was long considered the handsomest city in Germany ; but the recent 
improvements in Vienna, Pesth, and Trieste have divested it of that honor. 
There is, however, something in its appearance peculiar to itself, differing mate- 
rially from the continent, — something of Asiatic splendor in the numerous domes, 
turrets, spires, and minarets that rise up around the beholder on every side, 
overtopped by the Haradschin, the stupendous palace of the Bohemian kings. 

I visited the cathedral of St. Vitus, a rich Gothic structure of the twelfth 
century. Its interior is elegant and costly, and contains many interesting objects. 
The sacristan, who conducted us through the building, showed us among other 
things, a fragment of the seven-branched candlestick which stood in the Temple 
of Jerusalem. He then conducted us to the magnificent shrine of St. John Nepo- 
muk, the most costly and richly gifted in the world. The body of the saint is 
enclosed in a silver coffin sustained by figures of angels of the same metal. The 
ever-burning lamps and candlesticks that hang around it are of the same material. 
The entire weight of silver in the coffin, figures, lamps, and candlesticks is said 
to be three thousand seven hundred pounds. In another part of the church is 
the chapel of St. Wenzel, the patron saint of Bohemia. The walls of this chapel 
are inlaid with amethysts and jaspers, and here are preserved the armor and 
sword of the saint. On the door is a bronze ring held in religious veneration by 
the Bohemians, as it is said that the saint clung to it when he was murdered 
by his brother in 936. 

The Haradschin, or palace of the kings of Bohemia, is an extensive mass 
of buildings, comprising four hundred and forty apartments. We were con- 
ducted by an officer through the long suites of apartments, many of which we 
found magnificently furnished in the usual style of European palaces. 

In the National Library we were shown the challenge of John Huss, in his 
own handwriting, which he affi.xed to the gate of the University, offering to 
dispute all comers upon the articles of his belief. 

Prague and its immediate vicinity are historically interesting as having been 
the scene of frequent sieges, insurrections, and battles. In 1419 the Hussite 
insurrection under Ziska took place upon the occasion of the burning of John 
Huss at Constance. Ziska, at the head of a small band, defeated the Emperor 
Sigismund at the head of one hundred and fifty thousand men, in a pitched battle 
under the walls of Prague in 1420. 

In 1620 the battle of Whitehill, in the Thirty Years' War, took place a short 
distance from Prague, when the Protestants were defeated by the Imperialists. 
And in 1744 the celebrated battle of Prague was fought, in which Frederick the 
Great, of Prussia, was the victor. 

On the 13th we left Prague for Dresden by way of Toplitz, one of the most 
celebrated of the German watering-places. Part of the journey from Toplitz 
to Dresden was made by steamboat upon the Elbe, through the interesting scenery 
of Saxon Switzerland. 

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On the afternoon of the second day we arrived at Dresden, the capital city 
of Saxony, with a population of seventy thousand. Here we visited the royal 
picture-gallery, next to that of Florence the finest collection of ancient coats of 
mail, spears, swords, and other weapons, decidedly the largest collection that I 
ever saw in Europe. Leaving the Armory in the Tower of London far behind, 
it contains all the armor of chivalrous warfare, all the trappings of the tourna- 
ment, and all the weapons used in the wild sports of the feudal ages. Among tlie 
numerous suits of armor, we were shown one made for Christian the First, which 
cost fourteen thousand dollars, the armor of the great Gustavus Adolphus, of 
John Sobieski, worn at the siege of Vienna, and of Augustus the Second, sur- 
named The Strong. Here is also preserved the cabinet of Martin Luther, con- 
taining his ring, beer-jug, and a sword labelled " Luther's house weapon." 

We next visited the vaults containing an extensive collection of curiosities 
and the jewels of the Saxon Electors and Kings. You may form some idea of 
the magnificence of the collection from the fact that the diamonds alone are said 
to be worth eight millions of dollars. 

From Dresden we passed, in three and one-half hours, over an excellent 
railway seventy-five miles in length, to Leipsic, remarkable as the scene of the 
great battle fought there on the 19th of October, 1813. This battle is called by 
the Germans the " Volkerschlacht," or Battle of Nations. Nearly five hundred 
thousand men were engaged, of whom eighty thousand were cavalry. The 
keeper of the observatory explained to us the various positions occupied by the 
contending armies. Leipsic, excepting during the fair, is rather a dull and life- 
less town, and possesses little to detain a traveller longer than a day. The cellar 
where the celebrated Dr. Faustus performed his feats, and the place where the 
brave Poniatowski was drowned and buried, were shown to us. 

We made a slight detour from the road leading from Leipsic to Berlin for 
the purpose of visiting Wittenberg, the Protestant Mecca, the cradle of the 
Reformation, and the place where that distinguished reformer, Martin Luther, 
openly engaged in opposition to the Church of Rome. 

Wittenberg is a small fortified town with a population of seven thousand, situ- 
ated near the river Elbe, perfectly dull and lifeless, having nothing to recommend 
it to the notice of the traveller but the reminiscences of the Great Reformer. 

Our valet conducted us to the town-hall, where we saw the original por- 
traits of Luther and Melanchthon by Lucas Cranach, who was Burgomaster 
and Secretary in Luther's time. We were also shown the rosary used by Luther 
when a monk, some curious entries upon the record in the handwriting of Lucas 
Cranach respecting the Reformer, and the autographs of Luther and Melancthon. 
Immediately in front of the hall, beneath a canopy of cast iron, is a bronze statue 
of Luther, inscribed with these words : 

" Ist's Gottes Werk, so wird's bestehen; 
Ist's Menschen Werk. wird's untergehen." 

(If it be the work of God, it will endure; if the work of man, it will go down.) 

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We were next conducted to a cell in the ancient Augustinian convent, in 
which Luther meditated the change of his religion. In it are preserved the table 
on which he wrote, the chair on which he sat, and the jug from which he drank, 
and several specimens of needle-work done by his wife. The wall bears the name 
of Peter the Great, written with chalk by his own hand. In an adjoining room 
is the best original portrait of Luther by Cranach, and a cast in plaster taken from 
his face after his death. Outside of the gate we were shown the spot upon which 
Luther burned the papal bull. It is handsomely enclosed by a high palisade and 
planted with trees. 

Our guide then conducted us to the Schloss Kirche, where Luther and his 
friend JMelanchthon are buried. Two statues inserted into the pavement mark 
their graves. It was upon the door of this church that Luther hung his ninety- 
five theses or arguments. 

Passing from the convent to the church at the opposite side of the town, 
we noticed Melanchthon's house, inscribed with the words, " Hier Wohnte, Lehrte, 
und starb Melanchthon." (Here dwelt, taught, and died Melanchthon.) It is at 
present occupied as a beer-shop. 

A few miles from Wittenberg is the town of Jiiterbogk, where, in a church, 
is preserved the indulgence bo.x (Ablass Kasten) of Tetzel, Luther's antagonist. 
It is about eight feet long and two feet in depth and width, made of a solid piece 
of oak and strongly bound with iron. 

On the 20th we arrived in this city from Jiiterbogk, where I shall probably 
remain until the 28th, when I depart for Frankfort and the Rhine. 

Truly yours, 

Alex.^nder Sm.-^ll. 

York Gazette, Tuesday, October 26, 1841. 



CHILDREN'S HOME OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF YORK. 

There has been frequent mention in the foregoing pages of the Orphans' 
Home of York, which was founded in 1864 by Samuel Small, Charles A. Morris, 
and others. 

The notice of the meeting for its establishment, with the resolutions drawn 
up at the time, will give an idea of the object of the institution : 

" At a public meeting held by appointment in the Methodist Church, on 
Monday evening, November 18, 1864, the Rev. A. H. Lochman, D.D., was called 
to the chair, and E. C. Bender, Esq., appointed secretary. The meeting was 
opened by singing and prayer, after which Dr. Lochman, in a short address, 
stated that the object of the meeting was to take into consideration the propriety 
and expediency of establishing a Home for Orphan and Destitute Children. 

" Charles A. Morris, Esq., presented the following preamble and resolutions, 
which, after due consideration, were unanimously adopted: 

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" Whereas, The Holy Scriptures enjoin us so to honor the Lord with 
our substance as to feed the hungry, to clothe the naked, to do good, and to 
communicate, ' for with such sacrifices God is well pleased ;' and 

" Whereas, In the order of Providence there are many orphan, destitute, 
and neglected children in the borough and county of York ; and 

" Whereas, Many of our national defenders, the soldiers and the sailors 
of the republic, have been, and others are likely to be, cut off, leaving their 
children as a heritage to the benevolence of their fellow countrymen ; therefore 

" Resolrcd, By the citizens of York, here publicly assembled, that it is expe- 
dient, with the least possible delay, to organize an Association, having for its 
object a home for the orphan, destitute, and neglected children of our borough 
and county. On motion, 

" Resolved, That a committee of not less than seventy-five ladies and gentle- 
men be appointed by the chairman to carry out the resolution just adopted, and 
to transact such other business as the interests of the enterprise may require." 
{York Gazette, Tuesday, December 6, 1864.) 

In February, 1865, a charter was granted, and the institution organized 
with the following trustees : 

Samuel Small, president ; C. A. ]Morris, vice-president ; H. D. Schmidt, 
treasurer; E. C. Bender, secretary; Wm. H. Welsh, solicitor; Daniel Kraber, 
Wm. Frysinger, Jacob Sechrist, Wm. Laumaster. Geo. Wautz, John Herr, Dr. 
A. H. Lochman, E. G. Smyser, E. H. Weiser, D. E. Small, and Wm. Smith. 

The managers were Mrs. Chas. A. Morris, Miss Louisa Durkee, Mrs. 
Samuel Small, Miss Sallie Bartow Small, Mrs. Wm. Beitzel, Mrs. Geo. Wehrley, 
Mrs. David Laumaster, Miss Jane Latimer, Mrs. Sol. Oswald, Miss Lizzie 
Lochman, Miss Catherine Kurtz, Mrs. Daniel Rupp, Mrs. F. C. Polack, Mrs. 
Annie E. Pierce, Mrs. Daniel Rupert, Mrs. Jacob Weiser, Mrs. E. A. Barnitz, 
Mrs. W. iM. Baum, Mrs. Kraut, Mrs. Hantz, Airs. Matthew Tyler, Miss Amelia 
Kurtz, Aliss Sue Chalfant, Miss Hattie Gear. 

In November, 1877, the present situation, corner of Philadelphia Street and 
Pine, was purchased for the sum of fourteen thousand dollars, and handsome 
and extensive buildings were erected. 

Among the large bequests the Home has received are about eighty-five thou- 
sand dollars from the estate of John Weir, in November, 1890, and in 1899, 
from the Samuel Sm_\ser Estate, the " Smyser Farm." 

SAMUEL SMALL AND THE CHILDREN'S HOME. 

RESOLUTION BV THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ON THE DEATH OF SAMUEL SMALL. 

" At a special meeting of the trustees of the Children's Home the following 
tribute of respect was paid to the memory of Samuel Small, the honored founder 
and president : 

" The trustees, being fully sensible of the irreparable loss the institution has 
sustained in the death of the originator, the helper and friend, who had its 

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welfare so near his heart, would with chastened hearts acknowledge the good- 
ness of Him who doeth all things well, in sparing his life so long, thereby per- 
mitting him to see the fruits of his noble charities, his princely gifts, his quiet 
deeds of good done for his fellow-men, and at last gathering him ripe for 
heaven followed by the blessings of the sorrowing and suffering, to receive the 
welcome of the Father, ' Well done, good and faithful servant.' 

" Resolved, That while in our meetings we will greatly miss his advice, his 
counsel, and his help, we praise God that He spared so long one whose life was 
a benediction and who strove to work so faithfully and successfully. 

" Resolved, That while we unite in sincere sympathy with his beloved wife 
and loving friends, we offer to them these words of comfort : ' Blessed are 
the dead who die in the Lord, for they rest from their labors, and their works 
do follow them.' 

(Signed) "A. H. Lochman, D.D. 

" E. G. Smyser. 
" Jacob Bustress." * 

THE CHILDREN'S HOME AND THE DEATH OF SAMUEL SMALL. 

" At a special meeting of the Board of Managers of the Children's Home 
the following preamble and resolutions were adopted : 

" Gathered here this evening as managers of the Children's Home, in con- 
sequence of the death of its beloved founder and president, Mr. Samuel Small, 
words fail to express our sense of the loss we have sustained, personally and as 
a board, in his removal. 

" Active and interested in all the benevolent institutions which he has reared, 
it seemed, especially towards the close of his life, that this, his earliest foster- 
child, was a little nearest to his heart. Here his constant visits were made, so 
long as strength lasted, hither his thoughts always turned. Any business matter 
was dropped if ' Home' interests claimed his attention, and we never appealed to 
him for advice or direction that he was not ready with his sunny smile and words 
of encouragement. 

" As his visits became fewer, they were more than ever prized, matron, 
teacher, employees, and children being eager to announce his approach. The 
erring dreaded to be reported to him, not because of his sternness ; it was his 
grief at their wrong-doing that touched them, and a desire to gain his praise 
was a strong incentive to good conduct. The little ones loved to climb to his 
knee, to fondle and caress him ; and sadly will they miss his gentle hand and 
loving voice. 

" Feeling thus our loss and theirs, be it 

" Resolved, That as a board we desire to record our appreciation of what 
he was, as the generous founder and liberal patron of our ' Home,' the loving 



* From Trustees Minute-Book. 
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father of the destitute ones gathered there, the ever courteous, sympathizing 
friend and adviser of those whom he had associated with himself in its man- 
agement. 

" Resoh'cd, That we will endeavor to show how lovingly we cherish his 
memory and remember his wishes, by renewed activity in the work so dear to 
him, striving to increase and extend the benefits of his benevolence. 

" Resohrd, That to his widow, the loved and honored president of our board, 
we tender our earnest sympathies, praying that the God of the widow may 
sustain and comfort her. 

" Resolved, That we attend the funeral in a body ; that a copy of this action be 
sent to the family, placed upon the minutes, and published in our daily papers." 

The annual report at the close of the thirty-sixth year (1901) of active 
usefulness announces that at the beginning of the year there were sixty-one 
children as inmates. During the year twenty-four were admitted, eight recalled 
from unsatisfactory homes, fifteen returned to friends, eighteen placed in families, 
and one lost by death. The average for the year was sixty-three. 

YORK COLLEGIATE L\STITLTTE. 

Before 1870 Mr. Samuel Small, Sr., then one of York's most venerable 
and honored citizens, conceived the idea of providing, in his own town, means 
for the liberal education of its youth. While his heart was full of the project 
it happened that he and his estiinable wife attended an anniversary of the Ameri- 
can Board of Commissioners for Foreign iMissions, at Norwich, Connecticut. The 
Norwich Free Academy, in its general design and appointments, seemed to embody 
almost his own idea. Its managers offered him every facility in pursuit of his 
inquiries, and afterwards one of its patrons, then Governor Buckingham, of 
Connecticut, wrote him more fully of its merits. Mr. Small returned to York 
with his long cherished ideas in definite shape, and at once proceeded to execute 
them. He selected the present site, a quarter square of ground, on the northeast 
corner of South Duke Street and what has since been known as College Avenue, 
and in 1871 the corner-stone of the first building was laid. He erected a com- 
modious building, furnished and equipped it thoroughly, beautified the sur- 
rounding lawn, and laid out playgrounds. He also provided a dwelling on the 
west side of Duke Street for the president of the faculty, and a boarding-house 
adjoining for the accommodation of teachers, and of pupils from a distance, and 
added a liberal endowment. This endowment has since been increased by the 
generosity of the founder's widow, the late Mrs. Isabel Cassat Small. The 
Cassat Library was a later gift to the Institute, consisting originally of two 
thousand five hundred specially selected volumes. It has since been increased 
to three thousand. 

As the building ncared completion steps were taken to perfect the organi- 
zation of the Institute. On Monday evening, April 14, 1873. by invitation of 
Mr. Small, the following persons met in the chapel of the Presbyterian Church 

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in York, — viz., Rev. H. E. Niles, pastor of the church, and Mr. Small's fellow- 
elders, James W. Kerr, M.D., David E. Small, and John M. Brown ; also Messrs. 
Samuel Small, Jr., James Kell, Henry L. Fisher, W. Latimer Small, Samuel S. 
Hersh, and Jacob Huber. The meeting was opened with prayer, and then 
Mr. Small presented a paper containing his plan for the foundation of a public 
literary and religious institution in this community, and naming as trustees for 
said institution the above-mentioned persons, together with Messrs. John H. 
Small, Rev. J. W. Cowhick, Rev. C. W. Stewart, and Rev. C. P. Wing, D.D. 
Samuel Small, Sr., was chosen president, Rev. H. E. Niles, secretary, and Samuel 
Small, Jr., treasurer. H. L. Fisher and James Kell, Esqs., were appointed a com- 
mittee to obtain a charter. On August 27 the charter was granted, and in 
the same month the trustees elected Rev. James McDougall, Jr., of Long 
Island, president of the faculty, and Samuel B. Heiges, of York, Professor of 
Mathematics and Natural Sciences. 

On September 15 the Institute opened for students, with the members of the 
faculty already named, and the following instructors, — viz., Miss S. L. Otis, 
English ; Rev. Peter Anstadt. German : Miss M. E. Prince, Music. 

After devotional exercises, Rev. H. E. Niles made a short address.on behalf 
of the church and the trustees. The president. Dr. McDougall, Messrs. David 
E. Small, H. L. Fisher, James Kell, John M. Brown, also Dr. J. W. Kerr and 
Rev. J. W. Cowhick, made addresses. Between forty and fifty scholars were 
already in place. 

A local paper adds : " The arrangements to give our rising youth a thor- 
oughly scientific, business, or classical education will indeed be complete in this 
magnificent establishment. . . . We have already a well-sustained Academy, and 
the Cottage Hill College, newly opened. We have one of the best high schools 
in the State. We have a fine system of graded schools in York. In the county 
we have several academies, and in some sections good public schools. The cause 
of education in York County is truly progressive." 

The inauguration of President McDougall and Professor Heiges took place 
on Monday, November 3, 1873, at three p.m., and the services in connection with 
the dedication of the building were held at seven p.m. of the same day. 

At three o'clock, in the auditorium of the Institute, in the presence of those 
whom Mr. and Mrs. Small had selected to be the custodians and have the super- 
vision of the institution, — viz., the Presbytery and the trustees, — and a large 
number of persons from home and abroad, and the students, numbering about 
sixty, the exercises were opened with singing of the doxology. Then Mr. Niles, 
who presided, after reading a psalm, stated the object had in view by the founders, 
a true Christian culture, not based on dogmatic formulas, but upon piety of the 
heart, with sound scholastic training. The faculty, composed of Rev. J. 
McDougall, Ph.D., and S. B. Heiges, was introduced and formally installed. The 
president followed his installation with an address, in which he stated that it 
would be his ceaseless and studied effort to carry out the true object of the 
founders of the institution. He fully concurred with the views of Mr. Small as 

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stated by Mr. Niles, that true culture must begin in true piety, and that the 
pupil must ever have deeply impressed upon his mind that " God is all and in all." 

Dr. McDougall was followed by Professor Heiges, who elaborated the 
thought that the conflict between science and religion was only apparent. He 
contrasted the liberality of the founders with the spirit of those who sell country 
and conscience for less than was invested in this school. 

The exercises in the evening were opened with singing and a prayer by 
Rev. George P. Robinson, of Lancaster. Rev. Dr. Beadle, pastor of the Second 
Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, made an address, in which he said that in 
all his travels in the Orient he had never heard of the remains of a building that 
had been dedicated like this to the instruction of youth, by private munificence. 
The gifts made by such men as Cornell. Vassar, Pardee, Thompson, and Small, 
through a spirit of true Christian benevolence, went far to redeem our char- 
acter as a people from the charge that our souls have no aspiration above the 
love of money ; and that their wisdom stands forth in commendable light in 
giving and supervising the right application of their gifts while yet alive. 

The Doctor was followed by quite a number of tlie invited clergy, trustees, 
and others, in short speeches. All this was interspersed by choral gems under 
the direction of the Bentz brothers, aided in vocal solos by Afrs. Wilhelm, 
Mrs. Zeigle, Miss Heckert, and Miss Small, and in concert by the choir of 
Mr. Niles's church. 

Rev. Mr. Niles read letters from Hon. R. J. Fisher, President Cattell, of 
Lafayette College, and the Hon. J- S. Black. 

The most important address of the evening was that of Mr. Samuel Small, Sr., 
at the close of which he delivered the deed of the building to the trustees, and 
closed with these words. " And may God's blessing ever rest upon this Institute 
and make it a means of promoting sound Christian education." 

The Rev. Dr. C. P. Wing offered the prayer of dedication. 

The Institute, thus established and equipped, continued without serious change 
until the year 1885, when two noteworthy events marked its history. The first was 
the death of the venerable founder and president of the Board of Trustees, Mr. 
Samuel Small, Sr., who passed to his rest on the 14th of July, nearly eighty-six 
years of age. The second event was the total destruction of the building by fire on 
the night of December 7. From a local paper we learn that the fire was dis- 
covered shortly before midnight. The fire department responded promptly, and 
with persistent and skilful work seemed at one time likely to save the building 
from entire destruction, but at two o'clock the mansard roof fell in and all hope 
was abandoned. " The night was bitter cold, and the streets in the vicinity as 
well as the school grounds were covered with ice. The hose stiffened in the 
hands of the firemen, who struggled manfully against all difficulties, regardless 
of personal discomfort and suffering, to save the property from total destruction." 
The students and others succeeded in saving much of the scientific apparatus and 
about a thousand volumes of the library. Dr. McDougall lost all of his books 
and papers, his entire library. 

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The York County Hospital, another fruit of Mr. Small's liberality, was 
providentially vacant, and was immediately made ready for the school. On the 
following Monday recitations began there, and continued until the new building 
was completed, which was in March, 1887. 

This new building, designed by Mr. J. A. Dempwolf, and built by the 
liberality of Messrs. W. Latimer, Samuel and George Small, was dedicated on 
Tuesday evening, March 15, 1887. In the exercises connected with the dedica- 
tion, the president. Rev. Dr. McDougall, presided, the Rev. T. M. Crawford, of 
Slate Hill, offered prayer, and Rev. Dr. H. E. Niles read the Scriptures. Dr. 
McDougall gave an historical sketch of the school and a review of the life of the 
founder. The Rev. Dr. C. P. Wing, of Carlisle, made the dedicatory prayer. 
Dr. Oilman, president of Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, followed with 
an address on " The Optimism and the Pessimism of the Day contrasted." The 
closing address was delivered by General James A. Beaver, governor of Penn- 
sylvania. The exercises were interspersed with music by the college choir. 

In the new structure many defects of the old building have been removed 
and many improvements made which add greatly to its capacity and convenience. 
Adjacent to the main building, and connected with it by a corridor, is the chemical 
laboratory, in the basement of which is contained the steam apparatus for heating 
the buildings. By the isolation of the laboratory and furnace the risk of fire is 
reduced to a minimum. The front door of the main building admits you to Memo- 
rial Hall. Facing the door is a portrait, almost life-size, of the honored founder. 
Beneath this portrait is a polished brass plate with this inscription : 

YORK COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE 

Built by Samuel Small, a.d. 1871. 
Destroyed by fire December 7th, 1885. 

Rebuilt by his Nephews, a.d. 1886. 

In affectionate memory of his character 

as a Christian gentleman. 

On the right side of the portrait is a tablet with the following : 

To the Memory of 

SAMUEL SMALL 

founder 

of this institution. 

This tablet is erected by 

its grateful alumni. 

•76 '89 

As to his bounty, there was no 

Winter in it. An Autumn 'twas 

that grew the more by reaping. 

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Communicating with Memorial Hall, and also by corridors with the several cloak- 
rooms, is the main school-room. This is on the first floor, and is spacious, lofty, 
and well lighted, affording accommodations with single desks for one hundred 
and seventy-five pupils without crowding, and is comfortably furnished and 
arranged in accordance with the latest improvements in educational requirements. 
Against the wall, on the south side of the south entrance to the Memorial Hall, 
is a large book-case filled with dictionaries, cyclopedias, and other works of 
reference. 

In the wings are six ample recitation-rooms. On the second floor, imme- 
diately over and the same size as the school room, is the auditorium, with a 
seating capacity of six hundred. The Cassat Library and Philosophical Hall are 
on the third floor. The utmost attention has been given to the heating and 
ventilation of the entire building. 

Each year, the 14th of April, the date of the organization of the Collegiate 
Institute, was observed as Founder's Day. The memorial day of 1886, the first 
after the death of the generous patron of the school, was marked by special 
exercises. Heretofore a basket of flowers was sent by the senior class to Mr. and 
Mrs. Small, and the students enjoyed a holiday. This year the flowers were sent 
to Mrs. Small, and memorial services were held in the First Presbyterian Church. 
The trustees, alumni, faculty, and students assembled in the Chapel on Queen 
Street and marched into the church. The president, Dr. McDougall, presided, 
made some remarks in regard to the past habitual holiday observance of the 
day as a perpetual memorial and tribute to the founder of the Institute, and then 
called on Rev. George L. Smith, pastor of Calvary Church, to offer prayer. 
Rev. Dr. Niles then read a number of suitable selections from Scripture. After 
a prayer by Dr. McDougall, the Hon. R. F. Gibson delivered the following 
oration : 

JUDGE Gibson's address on the celebration of founder's d.w. 

" This is the thirteenth anniversary of the foundation of the York Collegiate 
Institute. It is an honored custom to celebrate such recurring days in memory 
of the founder, because the munificent gift of money for the purpose of intel- 
lectual and moral culture is one of its highest uses, and because it keeps in 
mind his noble designs and inspires renewed zeal for their accomplishment. 

" Such a gift in the lifetime of the donor must be to him a source of the 
highest gratification. Hitherto this day has been commemorated from year to 
year, and its celebration has been personally participated in by the founder him- 
self, until at a ripe old age he entered upon the reward of another life. Since 
the last celebration Samuel Small has passed from earth, and we participate with 
solemnity in the ceremonies of this Founder's Day, as it has now become sacred 
to his memory. 

" Since his death this community has been startled by the destruction, by 
fire, of the edifice erected by him for the Institute. This caused a feeling of 
gloom, and of sympathy with all concerned in its work, and of sincere regret; 

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because all felt how much that building was cherished by him. Yet we know 
that, like the mythic phoenix, from its ashes another noble structure will arise to 
perpetuate the bright hopes engendered at the inauguration of the Institute and 
confirmed by its subsequent success. 

" By its foundation he erected for himself a monument which to the latest 
posterity will reflect honor upon his name, a name recorded in that same enduring 
bronze which contains the names of others who have endowed institutions of 
learning, but which reflects brighter lustre from his cherished plan for the 
Christian education of youth — ' the foundation of an enterprise affording instruc- 
tion not only in the ordinary branches of literature and science, but also, and 
especially, in regard to the great end and business of life.' How well he under- 
stood that word business! But he understood more. He knew the wants of 
our social system and what he could do in practical aid of its needs. 

" In this age of ' sophisters, economists, and calculators,' it is a pleasing 
reflection that more has been done for the wants of humanity than in any pre- 
ceding period of the world's history. This is, indeed, due to the progress of 
Christian enlightenment. But there must be available resources from which 
supplies are to be drawn for that purpose, and this source depends upon the will 
of those who possess the means. 

" The realization of these wants has been made more apparent by the organi- 
zation of society as it exists in this country. There are distinctions arising in a 
great degree from pecuniary success. What a man is worth, with other qualities, 
is, in the business world, no unimportant test in social position. Yet these dis- 
tinctions are not the same as those which formerly existed. In old countries 
there was an exclusive right in privileged classes to hold landed estates, with the 
tenantry in hopeless subjection, as we see to-day in one country. But even in 
those countries, in time, there grew up a class of men who secured command of 
personal wealth. Merchants, in all ages, have had control of money and its 
consequent influence. 

" While this enabled statesmen to see that the strength of a nation depended 
upon its commerce, it was not until the opening of America to the people of 
Europe that an opportunity was afforded to all branches of industry to earn its 
reward. There still existed in the old world the theory that the proper construc- 
tion of society should have a privileged class, whose rank, title, and landed 
estates should be hereditary. In the new world this theory of the social structure 
was ignored, and our land opened the way of success to all who tilled the soil, 
toiled at a mechanical occupation, or engaged in trade. When, therefore, the 
ancestor of our founder, with many others, came over here for religious or civil 
freedom, or from enterprise, the great interests of agriculture, mechanics, and 
commerce became controlling powers in society, as wealth became distributed 
among all those who might acquire it. Hence it is success in these industries 
that has created a class upon which the responsibility of supplying the wants of 
humanity, and which exerts an intellectual, moral, and social influence greater 
than that possessed by privileged station ; because those who belong to it are 
20 30s 



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more in relation with the people around them, — homogeneous on account of 
ancestry and our social structure. 

" We can imagine, therefore, what thoughts influenced our founder in his 
acts, which will be seen in the sequel, arising from the advantages of wealth 
on the one hand and the means of doing good on the other. The numberless 
inventions and contrivances of mechanical skill, and the adornments of aesthetic 
art, make the enjoyment of wealth among our people greater than in any pre- 
ceding age. The supply of the comforts and luxuries at its command gives 
employment to toiling artisans and numerous industries, and thus money niay be 
circulated. But we can readily see that to his mind this was not enough. While 
we hold up the bright picture of affluence, he remembered that there is a deep 
channel in social life to be explored, dark and gloomy. There is a class in all 
communities, who from vice, or indolence, or ignorance, remain at the foot of the 
social scale, where they may have been born, or placed by the force of circum- 
stances. They are the poor, and they demand for their aid the contributions of 
the benevolent. It is, indeed, true that for the relief of this class all must con- 
tribute of their means, whether little or much. Yet in the midst of business life 
there are only some who attain affluence, there are others who with apparently 
like effort fall short of it. Hence in every community there is a class known as 
the rich. It is not improbable that they are ordained such, as stewards of this 
world's goods, and hold the same in trust, not only for the support of labor 
and the relief of indigence, but to supply other needs of their fellow-men. So 
our founder must have thought, and in benevolent acts and enterprises evinced 
his appreciation of those claims. It is because so many fall short of their ability 
in this respect that the world accords its meed of praise to those who do fill their 
measure of beneficence. We can follow further the generous motive which 
influenced his mind when he saw opportunities of doing good in aid of the 
intellectual and moral tone of society. 

" It is a general truth that the mind of the man of letters is unsuited for 
pecuniary affairs, and that the opportunities to him for success in such, except 
in rare instances, are wanting. The author, the professor, the preacher are 
seldom in the enjoyment of a competence. Scientific and literary pursuits seldom 
lead to it, much less can enterprises for the encouragement of studies of that 
character be maintained by them. Churches and hospitals require constant sup- 
port, but educational institutions also need all the aid that can be given them, 
and it is the recognition of this want that prompted the munificent gift by which 
this Institute was established. There have not been wanting men in all ages who, 
from love of learning, have been induced to make donations for the promotion 
of it. The colleges, the professorships, the scholarships, the halls of the great 
universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge in England, and Yale and Harvard 
and Princeton, and others, in America, have had their founders, whose names are 
preserved in a bright roll of fame. And there have been munificent donors 
among successful men of business, — founders of institutions of learning, some 
of which are near and familiar to us. such as the Peabody Institute, at Baltimore, 

306 



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and the Leliigh University. The spirit of the age demands the highest culture, 
and every facility for its attainment is eagerly welcomed. 

" The York Collegiate Institute, yet, as it were, in its infancy, is a home 
institution, erected in the interests of higher education, of moral culture and 
religious training; and, in view of its benign object, is one of the noblest and 
best of endowments. Yet this act, which we commemorate on this, the Founder's 
Day, grand conception as it was, is but one of many benevolent enterprises of 
his, an incident of his life, a phase of his character. Identified with the growth 
and prosperity of his native town, he, there, fulfilled his whole duty as a citizen, 
a philanthropist, and a Christian. The review of such a life must needs be 
profitable. 

" Samuel Small was born on the 25th of July, 1799, and his life began con- 
temporaneously with the dawn of the nineteenth century. He lived to see almost 
the completion of its marvels of human achievement. At the time of his birth, 
our government was but an experiment, the Constitution scarcely twelve years 
old. He lived to see all the wars of the republic, and its social and political 
progress, and its institutions fixed on an immovable basis. At the time of his 
birth the great war of the Revolution had been closed but eighteen years. His 
father linked the family with that war through the name of Philip Albright, a 
captain of the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment in 1776, and whose sword is in the 
possession of this branch of his descendants to-day. The daughter of Captain 
Philip Albright, Anna Maria, became the wife of George Small, and the mother 
of Philip A., Samuel, Alexander, and Cassandra. George Small, the father, was 
a citizen of the borough of York, of distinction, of business enterprise and high 
character. 

" It may be mentioned, in passing, that he is identified with one of the land- 
marks of the town, in having assisted in building the old First Lutheran Church, 
the edifice of which is so familiar to us from our earliest childhood. George 
Small was the son of Killian Small, who had settled in York and was the father 
of seven sons. Killian was the son of Lorentz Small, who came to our shores 
from the Palatinate, and with his countrymen occupied the fertile lands of Penn- 
sylvania and made the culture of it so famous, including the rich soil of the 
Kreutz and Codorus Creek valleys. He settled in Hellam Township, a few 
miles east of York. Thus the family is contemporaneous with the county of 
York, and its business enterprise has been commensurate with the prosperity of 
the country at large and the advance of the age. The renowned business career 
so honorably associated with the names of George Small and his sons, Philip A. 
and Samuel, began in 1809, when the purchase was made of the property upon 
the corner of Market Street and Centre Square, so long and well and widely 
known, and which he made the centre of trade. Samuel Small began business as 
a youth, at the age of sixteen years, with a mercantile firm in the city of Balti- 
more, where his brother Philip had preceded him, in that same business so long 
successfully carried on here. The trade of the Baltiomre firm extended through- 
out the South. But the great West was then opening its avenues of trade, and 

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Pittsburg and Cincinnati offered fields of enterprise. The practical ability of 
Samuel Small prompted the firm to send him to Pittsburg; to open a branch of 
their business there. He made himself a pioneer in the West when he reached 
Pittsburg, and placing his stock of goods upon a flat-boat, which he floated down 
the Ohio, he stopped at points on the river to dispose of his merchandise. Picture 
to yourselves that great river then and now, with the young supercargo, and 
perhaps captain of the flat-boat, on his winding way, and the mighty commerce 
of that vast channel of the West now, with its steamers that walk the water like 
things of life, with the great bridges that span it, and all the present facilities of 
commercial intercourse with the market of the East, by means of railroad, tele- 
graph, and telephone, all of which he lived to see. With the true spirit, indeed, 
then, of American enterprise, under such restricted navigation, picture the young 
merchant at Pittsburg more than sixty years ago, then with a population of about 
ten thousand, eager for the extension of his trade yet farther west, stopping at 
points where cities have since grown to magnitude in his day, stopping at islands 
where solitary settlers had found homes, — perhaps at that historic isle where 
Blennerhasset had his elegant home till Aaron Burr led him into his great con- 
spiracy and blasted one of the brightest spots on earth. On past Wheeling and 
Parkersburg, by the great States of Virginia. Kentucky, and Ohio, the locomotion 
slow but sure, the trade limited but prosperous. 

" Perhaps the beauty of the scenery, unmarred then by tlie hand of utility, 
attracted him and caused him to muse upon the works of the Creator, or perhaps 
to pierce the future greatness of the inland commerce of America, and think of 
business enterprises. On to Cincinnati, then with a population of about twenty 
thousand, where he opened business. There he might have grown up with the 
great West and pushed still farther forward as new cities were founded. But 
Providence determined otherwise, and letters from home urged his return to 
York, where he came to benefit the home of his youtli. It was in the year 1826 
that he sold out his stock of merchandise in Cincinnati and returned to York to 
embark in business, with one to whose family he was allied through marriage. I 
refer to George S. Morris, a citizen well known and remembered, whose brother, 
Charles A. Morris, married the sister, Cassandra, and was afterwards associated 
with Mr. Small in benevolent enterprises. 

" This business was conducted at the place where the York County National 
Bank now stands, and was continued until he entered the firm of George Small 
& Sons. In 1833, the father, George Small, sold out his interest in the corner 
store to his two sons, who, under the firm-name of P. A. & S. Small, continued 
a business career, perhaps unexampled, without interruption to its prosperitv, 
or any flaw upon its credit, to use his own expressive phrase, ' without a scratch,' 
no protest, no extension of its paper. It became the depository of hundreds of 
thousands of dollars upon call left with them by the farmers of the county. It 
became the great grain market. Here they remained while the progress of im- 
provement opened greater channels of commercial intercourse with the country 
at large. The railroad to Baltimore was completed in 1838, and communication 

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by railroad with Philadelphia was opened in 1840, and to Harrisburg in 1850, 
connecting with the West. 

" These opened wider fields, and immense quantities of grain were shipped 
by them, and flour manufactured at their extensive mills, far beyond the limits 
of the country, — to parts of South America. We might pause here and consider 
the wonderful improvements in machinery since their first ventures, the old 
mill with its lumbering overshot wheel, compared now with the efficiency of the 
turbine wheel, improvements upon which have been made by some of our fellow- 
citizens, — or the motive power of steam applied by them when discovered. All 
these things were but the incidents of a continued business prosperity, necessarily 
adapting itself to every advance in mechanism. In 1838, when the manufacture 
of iron grew in importance, they became iron-masters. Furnaces were erected 
by them at Manor Furnace, York County ; at Sarah Furnace, Harford County, 
Maryland ; and at Ashland, Baltimore County, Maryland. 

" This firm has been so well known, here and abroad, for its business enter- 
prise and for its unshaken hold, for so long a time, upon the public confidence, 
that it is not necessary to speak of it further than to allude to the part taken 
by the two brothers who composed it in their extensive operations ; and I cannot 
do better than quote the words of another, taken from their biographies : 

" ' Philip A. Small devoted his attention principally to the management of 
the out-door business of the firm. The mills, the farms, ore-banks, and fur- 
naces were under his supervision. He was always a firm believer in the value of 
real estate, and much of the large amount of land owned by the firm was bought 
at his instance. In all matters connected with agriculture he was an expert, and 
recognized as an authority. One of the originators of the York County Agricul- 
tural Society, and one of its board of managers, he was deeply interested in the 
promotion of scientific agriculture. 

" ' He was a man of singularly genial disposition, of most pleasing and agree- 
able manner, and yet withal of great personal dignity. He was peculiarly chari- 
table in his judgment of the conduct of others. Of the most absolute integrity 
and truthfulness himself, he could tolerate neither falsehood nor fraud in any one, 
yet his kindly disposition made him slow to condemn. He was a man of broad 
and catholic views on all public questions. A very sagacious business man, 
he occupied many positions of trust in the various corporations in which the 
firm was interested. His counsel and assistance were always sought, and never 
vainly, in every enterprise and undertaking for the advancement of the public 
good. 

" ' Samuel Small's time and attention were mainly devoted to the financial 
departments of the firm's business, to the management of which he was exceed- 
ingly well adapted. As a financier he was shrewd, cautious, and far-sighted, never 
led into foolish speculation by .specious appearances, but instinctively distin- 
guished the solid from the merely meretricious. He was acknowledged to be the 
highest authority in our community on all financial matters. 

" ' On the death of the late William Coleman, Mr. Small became guardian 

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of his two minor children. The estate, though immensely valuable, had been 
grossly mismanaged when Mr. Small assumed control. So skilfully did he 
(with the aid of Artemus Wilhelm, Esq., whom he put in charge) manage the 
estate, that on the arrival of the heirs at twenty-one he turned over to each 
upward of a million and a third of dollars, besides their valuable ore-lands ; and 
for his years of efficient service he made no charge whatever.' 

" Having shown this estimate of the business worth and character of the 
members of this well-known firm, and sketched the active business life of our 
founder, it is now my welcome task, in discharge of the duty assigned to me, 
to endeavor to present those traits of character possessed by him, and that active 
benevolence exhibited in his deeds, which caused him to be so highly beloved and 
respected, and by which his death has occasioned a void in the community which 
can never be filled. 

" As a citizen he filled a large space in the public estimation. His wisdom 
was ever appealed to in matters of enterprise and municipal welfare, and in many 
works for the good of the community. In times of public depression or calamity, 
and disasters whicii the people had experienced, his advice was always sought, 
and his ready aid given in relief of distress. Known to all, and active in public 
welfare, he seems never to have had any taste or leaning towards what is known 
as public life ; not that he did not take an interest in public affairs antl in those 
duties which devolve upon every citizen, for he had his affiliations and his own 
views. What active part he ever took in such affairs we may not know. The 
immediate friends of his younger life have long since passed away, yet among 
those known to us may be numbered such citizens as John Evans and Henry 
Welsh. We have reason to believe, from our own knowledge of his later life, 
that he was one who formed few intimacies. In his extensive business affairs he 
met many men of keen abilities, yet in his own family there were those with 
whom he could advise confidentially,— his brother Philip, whose qualities and 
character we have seen, his other brother. Dr. Alexander Small, a man of large 
heart and friendliness, of extensive travel and information, public spirited and 
enterprising, and his immediate family connections, the Cassats and Colemans. 
He was strongly attached to his nephews, the sons of that brother, with whom 
he was so long and amicably associated, and he confidently left to their hands 
the management of that business he so faithfully followed to the close of his life. 

" Yet he was possessed of traits of character which led him to form his 
own plans. He read much and thought out his own inspirations, of which we 
have seen the results. These absorbed his attention for many years of his life, 
but not to the detriment of his business or his home ; he failed not in his accus- 
tomed seat in the counting-room, while there was evinced in his home that 
devoted attachment and constant attention which form the sum of all domestic 
virtues. 

" Samuel Small was married on the 26th of March, 1834, to Isabella, a 
daughter of David Cassat, Esq., a member of the York bar, distinguished as 
such, as well as for his excellent character and public spirit. Another daughter 

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of Mr. Cassat was married to Bird Coleman, Esq., of Cornwall. The Cassat 
Library was presented to the York Collegiate Institute by Mrs. Small, and named 
in honor of her father, a benefactor in his day, for twenty years a trustee of the 
York County Academy, and an earnest advocate of public education. We are 
rejoiced, in view of the perpetuation of his memory and the noble and generous 
gift of the lady with whom we deeply sympathize in her bereavement, that this 
excellent library has been almost entirely saved from destruction. With this 
partner of his life, who could sympathize with his every thought and inspiration, 
and surrounded by his relatives and friends, he experienced none of the loneli- 
ness of advanced years, but enjoyed, 

" ' That which should accompany old age, 
Honor, love, obedience, troops of friends.' 

" He died on the 14th of July, 1885, within ten days of what would have 
been the completion of his eighty-sixth year. A long life, but one rounded by 
incessant zeal and activity. Especially was this shown in his cherished schemes 
and in the church of his afTection. This leads us, in the contemplation of his 
character, to view those surroundings of his life, which prompted him to do what 
he could for his fellow-men, 

"'And with the will confer 
The ability to spread the blessings wide 
Of true philanthropy.' 

" From the family antecedents of Mr. Small, he was attached early in life 
to that great religious organization of his Palatine ancestors, the German Re- 
formed Church, a recognized Branch of the Pan Presbyterian Council. On 
the nth of May, 1839, he became a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a 
ruling elder of the same in 1850, which position he continued to hold till the close 
of his life. His name is identified with the government of the church and its 
proceedings as a member of presbytery and synod. The pastor of the Presby- 
terian Church in York from October, 1793, was the Rev. Robert Cathcart, after- 
wards a Doctor of Divinity. His wife was Susan Latimer. Philip A. Small was 
married to Sarah Latimer, a niece of the wife of Dr. Cathcart, and thus the 
family was allied with the distinguished pastor. 

" Mr. Small evinced a lively interest on the occasion of the old and new 
school division, and in holding the church building here, which had been erected 
about the year 1785, for those who sympathized with the then pastor. Rev. 
Benjamin Wallace, and the new school Presbytery. This movement was also 
supported by Rev. Dr. Cathcart, who had then retired from the pulpit. The 
distinction has since been abolished, and the differences that caused the separa- 
tion happily adjusted, and many returned to this fold again. The little church 
and congregation here were objects of deep attachment to Mr. Small. One 
cannot refrain on an occasion like this from recalling the memory of that 
building which stood on this same site, where so many of the young delighted 

3" 



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to assemble at morn and eve, and listen to the preaching of the able ministers 
who officiated in its pulpit, and to the delightful strains of music and hymns from 
one of the best of choirs ; so secluded as it was for a time from the populous 
portion of the town. But in time a new church was needed, the enlarged 
congregation wanted more room, and an edifice more in consonance with the 
advance of the times and the wealth of the congregation. The erection of this 
handsome church edifice was largely owing to the liberality of Samuel Small. 
Its able and eloquent ministers since have maintained interest in its services, until 
at length the Presbyterian fold in York has secured an additional place of worship 
in Calvary Church. To this object he contributed liberally, and in many instances, 
far beyond the calls of his own church, and in ways of his own, he aided the 
cause of religion. 

" To the members of this First Presbyterian Church, who for so many years 
were as one family, who miss his kindly face upon all occasions of worship, his 
useful and cheerful aid in its government and ministrations ; to the children of 
the Sunday-school, to whom he gave pleasant antl practical instruction, nothing 
can be said that can compensate for the void occasioned by his death. Attached 
to the church and to them, with his mind relieved on the Sabbath day, and on 
occasions of religious services, from the cares of business, his heart in sympathy 
with his fellow-men, we can imagine how those plans were engendered which 
have endeared his memory to the city of York, and have added to his name 
the title of philanthropist, prompted not alone by the surroundings of his peaceful 
life, but that inner light which hallowed his gifts. 

" There are points of character not discoverable in a man save as they are 
manifested by his acts, and, as a general rule, whatever qualities the mind is 
imbued with will be shown without restraint. A business man may go through 
life merely as such, and may acquire a competence, and even wealth, and yet be 
known to his neighbors only as a well-to-do citizen. In the cares of study or 
business, any task the world requires of us is in the worst sense forlorn if no 
higher thoughts possess us. Hence religion, if for no other purpose, is useful, 
as it leads the mind to the contemplation of ideal things. Yet religion and busi- 
ness might be only a manifestation of self if one wants heaven and earth both. 
Therefore the Great Teacher said, ' Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.' 

" It is in the power of a man of his own will to do this, else the command 
would not have been given. This is a duty not always understood. It is no 
unusual thing for a man to think what he would do with wealth if he had it, 
usually until it is attained. P>ut how often is the merit of a charitable donation 
lessened by the expression, that it is easy enough to give if one has the means, 
and a really generous gift for that reason may not be appreciated. It is not so 
easy, for we often find that benevolent acts are owing to dispositions of char- 
acter. One man is heedless of his means and gives from generous impulse ; 
he is a liberal man. Another, from a sense of duty to his own and from tem- 
perament, gives, as he would say, prudently. These are all human qualities, and 
motives may be misjudged. The poet Cow'pcr says, — 

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No works shall find acceptance in that day 

When all disguises shall be sent away, 

That square not truly with the Scripture plan, 

Nor spring from love to God, or love to man. 

Such as our motive is, our aim must be ; 

If this be servile, that can ne'er be free; 

If self employ us, whatsoe'er is wrought. 

We glorify that self, not Him we ought; 

Such virtues had need prove their own reward. 

The Judge of all men owes them no regard.' 

" We are not called upon to judge the acts of any man by this test. It is 
one's own. But let us review the acts of Samuel Small as manifestations of 
character. As I have said, there exists in every coinmunity a class known as 
the poor. It has ever been a problem to those disposed to relieve the distresses 
of mankind in this respect, how to do the most good with the means applied. 
While there are many individual instances of the sincerest self-sacrifice and 
devotion to this cause, with the numberless cases of want around us, all that any 
one person can do is, as it were, a drop in the bucket, so great is the demand. 
The giving of alms is necessarily a Christian duty, but the church itself seems to 
move only in a limited sphere, while public institutions under the law reach but 
few needs. How then to benefit the poor as a class, evidently gave him much 
thought, and the conclusion was that it required methods, and that it could be 
more effectively done by organization for the purpose. 

" The York Benevolent Association had been in existence for many years 
and had done a great amount of good in assisting the poor of York. Samuel 
Small became president of that Association and gave liberally of his means. 
Many thousand dollars worth of provisions, clothing, coal, and wood had been 
distributed. In this work he was assisted by Hon. David Fahs, a trusted friend. 
In person and with his assistant he constantly sought the necessitous. He fur- 
nished a horse and conveyance for this work in order that he might more readily 
visit the poor, and money was furnished to meet all demands. His hand was 
ever open to the calls of charity, and the appeal of the poor and friendless. No 
worthy applicant was ever turned away unaided, and many benevolent acts were 
done quietly and in secret. This was not the mere giving of alms, as it is called, 
but the consequence of a practical system which he ardently wrought out for 
himself. 

" Again : There came a crisis in the nation's life, and to stay the great 
rebellion men went from the humble walks of life under the impulse of patriotism, 
regardless of the claims upon them at home, leaving families without support ; 
and, dying for their country, left their children penniless. Soldiers' orphans thus 
became the subjects of bounty. But it opened also the minds of some to the 
reflection that there are always helpless children, and that this benevolence should 
grow wider than the immediate or temporary need. This he thought out, and 
it resulted in a great practical and successful work, the establishment of a Home, 
which opened its sheltering arms to all destitute and friendless children within 

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its influence, including those for whom such bounty originated. It was towards 
the close of the war that the care of the soldiers' orphans became the subject of 
legislative action and appropriation, and gave rise in York to one of the most 
noted of its charitable institutions, the Children's Home, which was incorporated 
in February, 1865, for the laudable and benevolent purpose of educating and 
providing for friendless and destitute children distinct from the State provision 
for soldiers' orphans. Samuel Small donated the ground upon which its large 
and commodious building is erected, a noble structure and an ornament to the 
borough, with its extensive grounds. This was built under his direction and 
principally at his expense, and also by contributions from Charles A. Morris. Its 
cost was forty thousand dollars. In 1884 Mr. Small built a large school-room 
and play-house at a cost of eight thousand dollars. Over two hundred destitute 
children have been trained in this school. Girls are trained mentally ; some have 
graduated at Normal schools ; they are taught needle work and household duties. 
York may well be proud of this noble charity. 

" Again : To the mind of Samuel Small, ever active in the cause of humanity, 
there came another practical thought. Human suffering in all of us awakens 
our warmest sympathies. Injuries from accidents are constantly occurring, and 
the poor often become the prey of disease. The Benevolent Association might 
relieve the poor by their supplies, but the immediate aid of a surgeon would be 
required and medical help. The public institution was inadequate for the purpose, 
and chiefly because of the dread of those who could not be classed as paupers. 
The laboring man may meet with an accident for which the employer would not 
be responsible. In one respect, therefore, the York Hospital and Dispensary is 
misunderstood. Although in the highest sense a charity, the surgical aid afforded 
and the medical attention given is that of the ablest skill of the surgeon and 
physician, given gratuitously for their own sakes, but is not viewed in the light 
of an alms, any more than the Packer Institute is an alms because tuition is free. 
The York Hospital and Dispensary was established in 1879. ^'^^- Small suggested 
the necessity of this hospital in the borough of York, for the alleviation of the 
sufferings of the needy, and those who might require medical attention with home 
comforts. As this was to ameliorate human suffering, it was well said by one 
of the physicians that by this charity he has raised a monument to his name. 

" To this Hospital Mr. Small donated the building and grounds and sub- 
scribed liberally to its support. He intrusted the completion of the enterprise 
to the York County Medical Society. This building is finely situated in a large 
lot with garden, and fruit- and shade-trees. Many surgical operations have 
been performed there and patients prescribed for. In this building, since the late 
calamity that has befallen the Collegiate Institute, each raised by the benevolent 
act of the founder, by means of a fortunate adaptation, the faculty and pupils 
of the college have been accommodated and the work of teaching has gone on. 

" Having mentioned these great philanthropic enterprises, our special atten- 
tion is now called to the consummation of the grand idea of the life of Samuel 
Small in the foundation of the York Collegiate Institute. That the education of 

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the young should form a subject of thought and enter into his plans would 
naturally be expected. Literary and scientific culture in this age assumes some- 
thing more than the teaching of the ordinary branches; the phrase is, a higher 
education, and to keep pace with the progress of the times every facility is needed. 
To this study of physics the higher name of science is now given, and that suits 
the spirit of the age. Yet classical studies must not be ignored. A foundation 
there is required for some pursuits in life, and an especial one that appears to 
have been in the mind of the founder, — namely, the preparation of young men 
for the ministry. His provision was for intellectual and moral culture and the 
Christian education of youth. 

" For the present let us look at the Institute as it comes before our observa- 
tion, and then at its origin. 

" The college, as it was familiarly known, as we saw it before its destruction, 
formed one of the most pleasing objects to the sight in our borough. Situate on 
a spacious lot of ground, forming a campus worthy of any institution, built in a 
chaste and handsome style of architecture, it was a place all delighted to visit; 
and on occasions of its celebrations and intellectual entertainments, crowds 
delighted to wend their way thither, and its pupils and graduates entertained an 
affection for it. This edifice had been commenced in 1871, and had been carried 
forward to completion, under the immediate supervision of the founder, at a cost 
of fifty thousand dollars. The endowment was seventy thousand dollars. The 
Institute was incorporated on the 27th day of August, 1873, with a board of 
trustees, of which Mr. Small himself was made president. Rev. Henry E. 
Niles, D.D., pastor of the Presbyterian Church, secretary, and Samuel Small, Jr., 
treasurer. It was inaugurated with appropriate ceremonies, on Monday, the 3d 
of November, 1873, in presence of the Presbyterian Presbytery, the trustees, and 
a large number of the citizens of York and adjoining cities. The Rev. James 
McDougall, Doctor of Philosophy, a graduate of the College and Theological 
Seminary of Princeton, was elected President of the Institute, a position which 
he has held with honor and efficiency ; and under his control, with an excellent 
and competent faculty, it has been one of the most successful literary and scien- 
tific schools of the day. The curriculum consists of four courses of instruction, 
a course for young ladies, and classical, scientific, and commercial courses for 
young men and boys. The classical and scientific courses take the students 
through two years of the regular university course, and students have entered 
the junior class of Princeton and Lafayette Colleges. The Coleman scholarship 
fund of ten thousand dollars is to aid such students as may be recommended by 
the Presbytery of Westminster as candidates for the ministry and approved by 
the faculty. The founder, in the year 1885, added seven thousand dollars as 
an endowment for other scholarships, making seven scholarships in all. It had 
been his intention, before this, to erect wings and a tower to the building, at a 
cost of ten thousand dollars. The school is not sectarian, and is patronized on 
account of its high grade by persons of all denominations. Yet it was under the 
auspices of the Presbyterian Church that it was founded. 

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" On tlie 14th of April, 1873, after the completion of the college building, 
at a meeting held in the chapel of this church, Mr. Small presented a paper con- 
taining his plan for the foundation of a public Literary and Religious Institution 
in this commiuiity, and naming trustees for the same. The endowment of such 
an institution was a cherished idea of his ; to use his own words, ' being deeply 
impressed with the importance of increasing popular facilities for intellectual and 
moral culture, and especially solicitous for the Christian education of youth, to 
lay the foundation of an enterprise for aiYording instruction not only in the 
ordinary branches of literature and science, but also in regard to the great end 
and business of life.' 

" It is not so easy to grasp this last thought of our founder, nor can the 
conception be carried out with facility in practical operation. That an institution 
of learning should have all the appliances of stated religious service and exhorta- 
tion has in the main been a characteristic of our universities and seminaries. 
The preparation of young men for the ministry has been accompanied with theo- 
logical studies. What then was the idea of this man of business, with his 
benevolent impulses and Christian devotion? Did he think of the tendency of the 
age towards agnosticism or infidelity, as discoveries were made in the realms 
of science, or that the church should enlist soldiers in its behalf, well fitted as 
the generations went on for the great battle of Armageddon between the friends 
and foes of the Almighty? The pursuits of his life led him not into the fields 
of scientific investigation, nor would he have been an efficient disputant in the 
field of polemics in support of orthodox religion. His own simple faith and 
trust was too pure to admit of any doubt or question. What then was it, but 
the sole sincere thought of his quiet life that the young should be taught this 
faith, and that no literary or scientific culture or temporal success should super- 
sede the ' great end and business of life.' 

" Not that there was any theory in his mind uijon which an institute of learn- 
ing could be conducted other than the ordinary means of religious training. 
How, practically, this thought of the founder could be carried out would be for 
the faculty to determine. A practical business man might not estimate the func- 
tions of the pastor or teacher, but he conceived the idea to be a practical one. 
It is to be observed that since this endowment was made this question as regards 
public education has been made the subject of discussion, not only in church 
papers, but in secular periodicals. It is charged that the present efTort is to 
alienate religion entirely from education, and education itself is held up as the 
great conservator of morals and prevention of crime. But Christianity demands 
more than the teaching of literature and science, or even of a moral code ; its 
object is the formation of character. For this there is no other safeguard than 
a genuine religious faith, and it is contended that the teacher who possesses this 
faith may, without dogmatic instruction, impart it to his pupils. The idea needs 
development, but there seems to be no doubt of the founder's intentions and 
of his clear apprehension of this want of the times. 

" To the faculty and scholars of this Institute these words of the founder 

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are a precious legacy, and should be cherished by them, and teacher and pupil 
will realize that there is a lesson to be learned greater even than a higher 
education. It is wisdom, without which all learning is vain. Solomon thought 
so when he said, " Wisdom is the principal thing, therefore get wisdom, and with 
all thy getting get understanding.' And this is what the founder thought, and 
embodied his idea in his own simple language. A word in season that will bear 
fruit, if his benevolent plans are faithfully pursued. 

" ' God blesses still the generous thought. 
And still the fitting word He speeds. 
And truth, at His requiring taught, 
He quickens into deeds.' 

" I have mentioned other founders of institutions of learning, and they builded 
well, but in this addition which he made to the object of his endowment we are 
minded of an incident related by Josephus and recorded in the second book of 
Ezra. When the most faithful and excellent Zerubbabel was before King Darius, 
applying for support and protection in completing the noble and glorious under- 
taking of rebuilding Jerusalem and the Temple of God, before the assembly 
of princes and rulers he made an addition to the question of the king. The ques- 
tion was, Which is the greatest, the strength of wine, of the king, or of women? 
When the power of each of these had been maintained in the discussion, Zerub- 
babel concluded thus : ' But when all is said, neither is comparable to the almighty 
force of truth. As for all other things, they are mortal and transient, but truth 
alone is unchangeable and everlasting ; the benefits we receive from it are sub- 
ject to no variations or vicissitudes of time and fortune. In her judgment there 
is no unrighteousness, and she is the strength, wisdom, power, and majesty of 
all ages. Blessed be the God of Truth.' And when Zerubbabel had finished 
speaking the princes and rulers cried out, ' Great is truth and mighty above all 
things !' 

" By this design in the moral architecture of his great work, the founder 
formed a capstone in completion of the structure. He added to the Temple of 
Knowledge a Gate, that may indeed be called Beautiful. When the great apostle 
at the Beautiful Gate of the Temple at Jerusalem said, ' Silver and gold have I 
none, but such as I have I give thee.' and with solemn adjuration took the lame 
man by the right hand and lifted him up, he exercised a mighty gift which money 
could not purchase. But when the restored man went into the Temple rejoicing, 
that costly edifice showed that worldly wealth is not inappropriately applied to 
aid the believer in his worship, and that those who use it to that end have done 
well. Yet much better he who has builded a gate to the temple of knowledge 
which is also a gate to that other and greater Temple, ' not made with hands.' 
Not only he who is callefl like the prophet Samuel, but all those who seek 
instruction there, and enter in and go out from it, will return to it as to the Mecca 
of the prophet, the shrine of the pilgrim. It will be an alma mater which will 
rival the more pretentious universities in afifection, it will make the place of its 

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erection one of renown, and benefits here and hereafter will return to bless the 
founder. 

" One reflection more. This pious conception of Samuel Small gives the key 
to the motive in all his acts of benevolence. Yet by nature's mould he was 
formed for unbounded generosity. An inborn character of sweet-tempered 
charity would, in any position of life, have moved him to give, and when this 
opportunity came, intellect and Christian motive alike governed his donations. 
He knew the worth of money, and there was no waste ; his gifts were discreetly 
made, and so placed that they will reap the largest results for good. 

" To him may well be applied the words of the poet : 

" ' And if the genuine worth of gold depend 
On application to its noblest end, 
Thine had a value in the scale of Heaven, 
Surpassing all that mine or mint had given. 
And though God made thee of a nature prone, 
A distribution boundless of thy own. 
And still by motive of religious force 
Impelled thee more to that heroic course; 
Yet was thy liberality discreet, 
Nice in its choice, and of a tempered heat, 
And, though in act unwearied, secret still. 
As in some solitude the summer rill 
Refresh us, where it winds the faded green. 
And cheers the drooping flowers, unheard, unseen. 

Such was thy charity : no sudden start. 

After long sleep, of passion in the heart. 

But steadfast principle, and in its kind. 

Of close relation to the Eternal mind, 

Traced easily to its true source above, 

To Him whose works bespeak His nature, love. 

Thy bounties all were Christian, and I make 
This record of thee for the Gospel's sake ; 
That the incredulous themselves may see 
Its use and power exemplified in thee.' " 

After the oration. Dr. McDougall spoke of the basket of flowers which, 
according to unbroken custom, the senior class had sent to the home of the 
founder to-day, and of the loneliness of that home. The venerable Dr. Lochman 
pronounced the benediction. A chorus and quartette rendered, with appropriate 
music, " How lovely are the messengers," " Abide with Me," and " There is a 
balm for those who weep." The Press adds, " The skilful handling of the organ 
and the excellent singing of the Oratorio Society, both in chorus and quartette 
were in keeping with and contributed very greatly to the interest of the occasion." 

The next event that seriously affected the history of the Institute was the 
death of Dr. McDougall. 

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" The Rev. James McDougall. Ph.D., the first president of the York Col- 
legiate Institute, died at his home in York, on the Lord's Day, October 9, 1892. 
In June, 1892, he completed his nineteenth year of arduous and successful service 
in the interest of this institution. After a brief rest amid the mountains of 
New York State, while returning homeward to take up the duties of the twen- 
tieth year of his presidency, he was stricken with paralysis, in Philadelphia, on 
August 13, 1892. His improvement was so rapid during the early part of his 
illness as to give good hopes for his recovery. But the improvement was only 
temporary, and his case was soon pronounced hopeless. Early in September he 
was brought to his home in York, where the tender ministrations of his family, 
the most skilful medical attendance and efiicient nursing, and the affectionate 
solicitude of the entire community were powerless to effect his restoration to 
health. 

"On Tuesday, October 12, the citizens of York crowded the Auditorium of 
the Collegiate Institute, where the funeral services were held. The Rev. H. E. 
Niles, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, conducted the services, and 
was assisted by the Rev. G. L. Smith, of Calvary Church, and the Rev. C. A. 
Oliver, of the Westminster. Dr. Niles paid beautiful tribute to the life and life- 
work of President McDougall, and alluded to the loss sustained, not only by the 
family and intimate friends, but also by the Collegiate Institute, the community, 
the cause of education, and the church. The remains rested in Memorial Hall 
until Wednesday morning, when they were taken to Princeton, N. J., and there 
reverently deposited in the family lot in Princeton Cemetery." 

A tablet, similar in size and appearance to that placed on the right side of 
the portrait of Mr. Samuel Small, in Memorial Hall, in memory of the founder, 
was placed on the left of the portrait to Dr. McDougall. The inscription on the 
tablet is as follows: 

" To the memory of 

James McDougall, Ph.D., 

President of the 

YORK COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE 

1 874- 1 892. 

This Tablet is Erected by 

THE ALUMNI. 

The 

Ripe Scholar, Gifted Teacher, 

Noble Friend, Strong Christian." 

Professor A. B. Carner, the senior member of the faculty, took charge at the 
opening of the school in September, and continued as acting president till the 
1st of May, 1893. 

At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held February 15, 1893, Rev. E. T. 
Jeffers, D.D., pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Oil City, Pennsylvania, was 
elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dr. McDougall, and on the 

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1st of Maj' entered upon his duties. His inauguration occurred on the after- 
noon of June 14, during commencement week. Mr. Samuel Small, president 
of the Board of Trustees, presided. Rev. S. J. Blum, pastor of the Moravian 
Church, read the Scriptures, Rev. C. E. Craven led in prayer. Rev. T. M. 
Crawford, a member of the Board, gave the address of welcome on behalf 
of that body, Professor A. B. Carner on behalf of the faculty, Mr. James Kell, 
'85, for the Alumni, Mr. W. T. Ellis, a member of the third year class, for the 
students. 

Mr. Samuel Small, president of the Board of Trustees, then addressed the 
new president as follows : " Dr. Jeffers, the Board of Trustees of the Collegiate 
Institute, acting through me as its president, commits to you as the president of 
the faculty the care of this institution and the students who may come here for 
their preparation for their life work. Speaking on behalf of the trustees and 
individually, I assure you of the unanimity of their action in placing this trust 
in your keeping, and of the earnest wish and prayer of each of them that your 
labors may be blessed with a rich reward." 

Dr. Jeffers, in his inaugural, reminded his hearers that the school was not 
a college, although it is often so designated, but a secondary school. He com- 
mended the founder for his wisdom in giving his care and money for the endow- 
ment of an institution of a class of much greater use than another college could 
be. Public schools are well sustained by the State, and colleges are multiplied 
and largely endowed, but the intermediate grade has been neglected both by 
the wealthy and by the nation. The purpose of tlie founder will be kept in 
mind, and the effort will be to perfect the character of students by the personal 
influence of the teachers over the pupils, and also both to fit young men and 
women for the high grade colleges and to give a fair education to all who finish 
their course with us. He assured the friends of the Institute that the cordial 
pledges of sympathy and support from trustees, faculty, alumni, and students 
were the strongest reasons he had for any hopes he entertained of success in the 
responsible duties he was undertaking. 

In the evening a reception was held in the Cassat Library, largely attended 
by alumni, members of the board, and others. 

THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY. 

Anything less than a century in the life of an educational institution is 
considered brief, and as furnishing no conclusive evidence of permanence or of 
the wisdom of the founders. 

The mere construction of the building which the Institute first occupied, and 
the endowment of the school on a plan generous, intelligent, and Christian, was 
enough to prove Mr. Samuel Small a man of public spirit, benevolence, and piety. 
The attendance during the first few years proved that the community recognized 
the need of a school of this grade. Thirty successive years of instruction with 
an average of over one hundred pupils each year, and twenty-seven graduating 

320 



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classes with an average of ten to each class, have multiplied the proofs of the 
need of a school just such as Mr. Small planned and secured for York. 

A moment's attention to the statistics that indicate the attendance and gradua- 
tion for these years will increase the appreciation of the work done by the school. 
Including those on the roll for the current year, about thirteen hundred different 
pupils have been under instruction. Of those whose names are found in cata- 
logues previous to that of 1903, one hundred and thirty-one young men and one 
hundred and thirty-five young women have been graduated. Of the young men, 
twelve have become lawyers, eleven physicians, twenty-five clergymen, five 
teachers, four farmers, thirty-five business men, three journalists, six filled im- 
portant positions as superintendents, chemists, draughtsmen, or civil engineers, and 
seventeen are still pursuing their studies with a view to a profession. Of the 
young women graduates, forty-three are married, eight are teachers, and ten are 
still at higher schools. Besides these, five hundred and thirty-two young men 
and two hundred and forty-six young women did not remain with us to take a 
diploma. Of the non-graduate boys, many came to take a special course to fit 
them for entrance to law, medical or technical schools, or colleges that require 
less for admission than we require for graduation, and are now in the professions. 
Of the forty-four of our students, boys and girls, who are now in colleges and 
professional schools, one-half are our graduates. The other half include many 
who took high rank here and are among the best in their classes at college, but 
did not take our full course. 

The plan of the school, as the founder designed it, was twofold, both to give 
the young people of York and vicinity who wished to finish their studies at home 
a well rounded literary and scientific education, and also to fit for college any 
boys who were preparing for the higher education. For more than ten years 
the course here fitted the graduate for the Junior Class in the best colleges. When 
it was found that most students preferred to enter the Freshman Class at college, 
the course was changed to meet this demand. So rapidly have entrance require- 
ments increased in the last few years that little less actual work and preparation 
are exacted now for the Freshman Class than were demanded for the Junior 
Class twenty-five years ago. 

Another change made ten years ago admits young women to the classical 
and scientific courses, that they, as well as the young men, may be fitted for 
college. Five of our young lady graduates have been graduated from as many 
colleges, — viz., Bryn Mawr, Rucknell, Lebanon Valley, Swarthmorc, and Woman's 
College of Baltimore. Ten other young lady graduates of our school are in 
colleges, and many here are taking the college preparatory course. 

Of the original board of trustees, of fifteen members, but two remain. When, 
in 1885, the lamented president of the board and founder of the school died, 
Mr. Samuel Small, his nephew, was elected to the office. No one could have 
more faithfully or effectively carried out the idea of the founder than has the 
present incumbent. 

Rev. Dr. McDougall, the first president, served nineteen years, till his 
21 321 



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death in 1892. Professor A. B. Carner acted as president one year. Dr. 
Jeffcrs has held the office for tlie last ten years. Of the forty other members 
of the faculty who have been elected by the board besides some who have served 
efficiently as substitutes, six remain : Professor A. B. Carner has served for 
twenty-seven years, Miss M. S. Bixby twenty-six. Dr. C. H. Ehrenfeld sixteen. 
Professor R. Z. Hartzler five years, and the Misses Pomeroy and Latane one 
year. Miss Huldah Allen, after a faithful and honorable service of twenty-five 
years, resigned in 1901. 

Founder's Day, April 14, has been observed as a holiday from the beginning 
of our history, but since the deatli of our generous patron, in addition to this, 
an oration has been delivered each year by some one selected by the Executive 
Committee. The orators have been the Hon. John Gibson. York. 1886; Rev. 
John T. Kerr. Elizabeth, New Jersey, 1887; George S. Schmidt, Esq., York, 
1888; Rev. R. P. Cobb, Rahway, New Jersey, 1889; Rev. W. W. Anstadt, 
Hollidaysburg, 1890; Rev. A. Thompson Stewart, Marietta, 1891 ; Rev. C. E. 
Craven, Mattituck, New York, 1892; Rev. John A. Muir, Bangor, 1893: John 
A. Hoober, Esq., York, 1894; Rev. S. J. McClenaghan, East Orange, New 
Jersey. 1895; President Warfield, Lafayette College, 1896; President Patton, 
Princeton University, 1897; Hon. N. C. Schaefifer, Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, Pennsylvania, 1898; President I. N. Rendall, Lincoln LTniversity, 1899; 
President R. E. Thompson, High School, Philadelphia, 1900; Rev. C. E. Walter, 
D.D., York, 1901 ; Rev. Wallace Radcliffc, D.D., Washington City, 1902; Pro- 
fessor R. Dick Wilson, Theological Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey, 1903. 

The building, of which a full description is found in each catalogue, was 
constructed with a view to meeting, and more than meeting, the actual wants of 
a fitting school. An addition to the building was made in the summer of 1897 
for a physical laboratory, and this, with the chemical laboratory, is supplied with 
the latest and most approved apparatus. The Cassat Library has been recata- 
logued, and contains over three thousand volumes, well selected, standard, and 
representative of the best literature. 

The Phi Sigma literary society, conducted by the older students among the 
young men, with some attention from the faculty, has always held a high place 
among the educating influences of the Institute. It maintains the high standard 
of former years, and is loyally supported bv almost all the young men eligible 
to membership. Of the five intcrscholastic debates in which it has engaged, it has 
won four. 

The Alpha Alpha Society, sustained by the young women of the school, with 
some help from the ladies of the faculty, Has been of great advantage to its 
members. 

The Young Men's Christian Association, ten years old, besides holding de- 
votional meetings and fonning classes for Bible study, is represented annually 
at Northfield and State and district conventions. 



322 



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THE TRUSTEES. 
( /// the order of their election. ) 

Date of election. 

*Samuel Small, Sr., President, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Rev. H. E. Niles, D.D., Secretary, York, Pa April, 1873.. 

*Samuel Small, Treasurer, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*James \V. Kerr, M.D., Ex. Com., York, Pa April, 1873.. 

*David E. Small, Ex. Com., York, Pa April, 1873.. 

*]ohn M. Brown, Ex. Com., York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*James Kell, Esq., York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Henry L. Fisher, Esq., York, Pa April, 1873.. 

*W. Latimer Small, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Samuel S. Hersh, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Jacob H. Huber, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*]ohn H. Small, York, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Rev. J. Y. Cowhick, Stewartstown, Pa April, 1S73. . 

*Rev. C. W. Stewart, D.D., Union, Pa April, 1873. . 

*Rev. C. P. Wing, D.D., Cariisle, Pa April, 1873.. 

Colonel Walter S. Franklin, Ashland, Md June, 1875.. 

Rev. T. M. Crawford, D.D., Slateville, Pa June, 1875. . 

A. R. Blair, M.D., York, Pa June, 1879.. 

Harry Kayser, Airville, Pa June, 1881. . 

Hon. John Gibson, York, Pa June, 1883. . 

W. M. Franklin, Esq., Lancaster, Pa June, 1885.. 

George Small, Baltimore, Md June, 1888. . 

Rev. George L. Smith, York, Pa June, 1889. . 

Hon. James W. Latimer, York, Pa June, 1889. . 

George S. Schmidt, Esq., York, Pa June, 1890.. 

Joseph S. Miller. M.D., York, Pa June, 1890.. 

Rev. Charies A. Oliver, York, Pa June, 1891. . 

PhiHp A. Small, York, Pa June, 1897.. 

Alexander M. Grove, Muddy Creek Forks, Pa June, 1898. . 

Samuel Small, Jr., York, Pa June, 1899.. 

J. A. Dempwolf, York, Pa June, 1900. . 

Rev. W. J. Oliver, York, Pa June, 1900. . 

Rev. George Wells Ely, Columbia, Pa June, 1903. . 

Rev. F. C. Yost, D.D., York, Pa June, 1903.. 

Rev. D. S. Curry, York, Pa June, 1903. . 



Term of office. 

.Died, July 14, 1884. 
.Died May 14, 1900. 

.Died June 10, 1889. 
.Died March 25, 1883. 

.Died June 4, 1899. 
.Resigned, 1881. 
.Died February 27, 1903. 
.Resigned, 1875. 
.Resigned, 1875. 
.Died July 10, 1902. 
.Resigned, 1875. 
.Resigned, 1889. 
.Died May 7, 1889. 

.Died August 7, 1902. 
.Died July 16, 1S89. 
.Died December 25, 1896. 
.Died July 6, 1900. 

.Died April 11, 1891. 
.Resigned June, 1898. 
.Died July 22, 1899. 



FACULTY. 

PRESIDENTS. 

Term of service. 

Rev. James McDougall, Jr., Ph.D 1873 1892 

Prof. A. B. Garner, A.M. (acting) 1892 1893 

Rev. E. T. Jeffers, D.D., LL.D 1893 



* Original members. 
323 



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OTHER MEMBERS. 

(In the order of their election.) 

Term of service. 
Samuel B. Heiges 1873 1880 

Professor of Natural Sciences. 
Rev. Peter Anstadt, D.D 1873 1875 

Instructor in German. 
Miss S. L. Otis 1873 1876 

English. 
Miss Mary E. Prince 1873 1883 

Music. (Second Term) 1886 1892 
James A. Lyon, Jr., A.M 1874 1876 

Professor of Mathematics. 
Edelbert Jeanrenaud 1875 1876 

French and German. 
William W. Anderson 1875 1877 

Tutor. 
Albert B. Garner, A.M 1876 

Professor of Mathematics. 
Miss Huldah Allen 1876 1901 

Belles-Lettres, History. 
Rev. Henry Walker 1876 1878 

German. (Second Term) 1879 1880 

(Third Term) 1881 1892 
Miss M. S. Bixby 1877 

English, French, and Elocution. 
Rev. Jesse Blickensderfer 1878 1879 

Gemian. 
Thomas H. Dinsmore, Jr., Ph.D 1879 1885 

Professor of Natural Sciences. 
H. C. EvviNG, A.B 1880 1881 

German and Classics. 
Charles E. Craven, A.B 1881 1883 

Assistant in Classics and Mathematics. 
S. M. D.wis, A.B 1883 1884 

Assistant in Classics and Mathematics. 

Professor of Natural Sciences 1885 1887 

Miss Kate Thomson 1883 1886 

Music. 
Miss Julia K. McDougall 1883 1886 

Drawing and Painting. 
Thomas M. Nichols, A.B 1884 1886 

Assistant in Classics and Mathematics. 

324 



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Term of service. 
Miss J. M. Carner 1886 1891 

Drawing and Painting. 
D. E. Crozier, A.B 1886 1889 

Assistant in Classics and Mathematics. 
Charles H. Ehrenfeld, A.M., Ph.D 1887 

Professor of Natural Sciences. 
S. C. Hughes, A.B 1889 1891 

Assistant in Classics and Mathematics. 
H. W. Barnitz 1891 1894 

Drawing and Painting. 
Miss Anna Jewell 1892 1893 

German, Latin, and English. 
Miss Hattie Powell 1892 1901 

Music. 
Rev. Henry Anstadt 1892 1893 

Latin and Greek. 
Miss Mary Jeffers, A.B., A.M 1893 1896 

Greek, Latin, and German. 
Fred. M. Eames, B.E 1895 1896 

English, Botany, and Zoology. 
Roscoe Guernsey, A.B., Ph.D 1896 1898 

Greek and Latin. 
Miss Elizabeth M. Barbour, A.B 1896 1897 

Latin, German, and English. 
Miss Euphemia M. Mann, A.B 1897 1899 

Latin, German, and English. 
Rollin Z. Hartzler, A.B 1898 

Greek and Latin. 
Dorothy H. Sipe, A.B 1899 1900 

Latin, German, and English. 
Emma L. Chappel • 1899 1900 

Primary. 
Helen A. Sargent, A.B 1900 1902 

Latin, German, and English. 
Mary C. Jarrett, A.B 1901 1902 

English, History, and Biology. 
Diana M. Pomeroy, A.B 1902 

English and German. 
Edith Latane, A.B 1902 

Art, History, Latin, and Biology. 



325 



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SKETCH OF YORK HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY. 
{From the Third Annual Report, January i, 1898.) 

The York Hospital and Dispensary Association had its origin in the concep- 
tion and philanthropy of Samuel Small of this (York) city. During the month 
of December, 1879, he called together a number of persons he thought would feel 
an interest in the matter of establishing and maintaining a hospital in our com- 
munity, rapidly growing in population and manufacturing interests, and then and 
there generously offered to purchase and convey the property now occupied and 
in possession of the Association, for said purpose, free of all incumbrances. 

His offer was accepted, and steps were at once taken towards the formation 
of an organization and securing letters of incorporation, under the name and 
title of " The York Hospital and Dispensary Association." Application was made 
to the Court of Common Pleas of York County for a charter, which was granted 
by said Court on the 14th day of January, 1880, which sets forth the objects 
of said corporation, as follows : " Tiie purpose for which it was formed is the 
establishing, maintaining, and managing of a hospital and dispensary for the 
reception, care, and medical and surgical treatment of the sick and injured — 
the surgical and medical treatment to be under the direction of allopathic 
physicians." 

The number of directors in the charter were named at nine, and those chosen 
to serve for the first year were as follows; Samuel Small, Dr. William S. Roland, 
Frank Geise, Jere Carl, Dr. Edward W. Miesenhelder, Dr. John Weist, Dr. 
Thomas L. Cathcart, Edward G. Smyser, and David E. Small. 

On the second day of January, 1880, Mr. Small obtained title to the property 
referred to at the consideration of six thousand five hundred dollars, and on the 
25th day of February, 1880, he and his wife, in accordance with his promise, 
conveyed the same to the then formed corporation, " for the purpose of founding 
and aiding in the establishing and managing of a hospital and dispensary for the 
reception and medical and surgical treatment of the sick and injured, the surgical 
and medical treatment to be under the direction of allopathic physicians," with 
the further condition therein that the grantees " shall not contract any debt, 
whereby any charge, lien, or incumbrance shall fall upon, attach to, or in any 
manner affect or impair the messuage and lot of ground hereby granted or con- 
veyed, and that should the said messuage or lot of ground be aliened or tliverted 
in any manner from the use and purpose of providing, establishing, managing, 
and maintaining a hospital and dispensary for the reception of medical and sur- 
gical treatment of sick and injured, then the estate hereby created shall imme- 
diately cease and determine, and the messuage and the piece of ground hereby 
granted and conveyed shall thereupon revert to and become again the property 
of the grantor, his heirs and assigns." * 



* In 1902 Samuel Small and William Latimer Small, heirs of the late Samuel Small, conveyed this 
property in fee simple to the York Hospital and Dispensary. 

326 



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The property conveyed to the Association under the above title consists of 
nearly a square lot of ground, conveniently situated, at the corner of West College 
Avenue, in the city of York, fronting on said avenue two hundred and forty-five 
feet, and extending of equal width southward to Church Alley two hundred and 
fifty-five feet, having erected thereon a large three-story building and out-building 
eminently suitable for hospital purposes, with finely shaded yard of choice fruit- 
and shade-trees. 

At the meeting held for organization of the Association the sum of fifteen 
hundred and two dollars was secured in aid of the project, which amount later 
on was augmented by additional subscriptions and donations until the amount 
approximately reached two thousand dollars. 

After the organization of the board of directors they made application to the 
Legislature for State aid in the prosecution of their work, and by Act approved 
the 29th day of June, 1881, the sum of seven thousand dollars was appropriated 
" for the supplying and equipping of the hospital : four thousand dollars to be 
paid during the year commencing June i, 1881, and three thousand dollars during 
the year commencing June i, 1882." 

The directory at once, on receipt of the first instalment of this appropriation, 
commenced furnishing, equipping, and supplying the hospital with necessary beds, 
bedding, surgical implements, medical supplies, etc., the payment of which was 
completed on receipt of the second instalment of the appropriation. 

Between the years 1882 and 1893 the hospital was sustained purely by 
voluntary contributions, and in consequence thereof its operations and usefulness 
during that period had to be limited to the amount of funds received from time 
to time. 

This period may be spoken of as its experimental formation stage, and it 
had to overcome many sorely disappointed hopes of its friends and projectors, 
such as a lack of knowledge in the community of its sphere of operations, general 
utility, prejudice against entering a hospital, etc.; but all these were finally 
overcome, and the usefulness and necessity of the institution each day became 
more and more an accepted fact, until to-day it has reached and touched the 
heart of the public and finds a liberal response to its most urgent needs and 
requirements. 

Nearly two years ago the interior of the hospital was renovated, remodelled, 
and refurnished at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars. 

It now contains four general wards, four rooms for private patients, fur- 
nished by friends and societies, surgical operating-room, and diet kitchen, recep- 
tion-room, directors' room, dining-room and kitchen, twenty-three beds ready 
for reception of patients, with a number in reserve for emergency, furnished 
rooms for nurses and attendants. 

It also has a full corps of physicians and surgeons, with a house physician 
who gives daily attention to its patients, and a full corps of student nurses in 
training under a graduate chief nurse, educated by lectures, demonstrations, and 
quizzes given by the medical and surgical staff. 

327 



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LATIMER. 

In the " Battle Abbey Roll,'" by the Duchess of Cleveland (vol. ii. p. 184), 
is a sketch of the Latimer family, which is here quoted in full : 

"Latomer, or Latimer: for Le Latinier,* or interpreter. Four of these are 
among the barons mentioned in Domesday : David iiitcrprcs, who held in Dorset ; 
Hugo latinarius (elsewhere calletl Hugolinus interprcs), who held in Hants and 
Somerset ; Ralph Latiiiianis, who held in Essex ; and Lewin Latinarius, who 
held in Herefordshire. 

" It is only with the third of these, Ralph, Secretary to the Conqueror, that 
we have here to do. C)f him derived William le Latimer, who in 1165 held a 
knight's fee of Vesci in Yorkshire (Liber Niger): and another William, most 
likely the son of the first, who paid loos. in 1190 to have a trial at law with 
Geoffrey de Valoins, who had taken possession of part of his park at Billenges. 
A third William was Sheriff of York and Constable of York Castle in 1254, and 
had at different times also the custody of Pickering, Cockermouth, and Scar- 
borough. He did " laudable service' to Henry III. during the Barons' War, 
and followed Edward I. throughout his martial career; first, in 1269. to the Holy 
Land, and then in all his campaigns in Wales, Scotland, and Gascony. The King 
rewarded him with a grant of Danby in Yorkshire, and a summons to parliament 
in 1299. He and his brother John married two sisters, the co-heirs of Walter 
Ledet, or de Braibroc, who divided his great Northamptonshire barony between 
them. His wife, Alice, was the elder, and brought with her, besides half the 
Honour of Warden, one moiety of the town, and the whole hundred of Corby. 
William IV., their son, took to wife another heiress, Lucia de Thweng, who, 
during one of his absences in the Scottish wars, was carried off from his York- 
shire manor house of Brunne, ' with divers other goods, by certain unknown 
persons. Whereupon, the King sent his Precept to the Sheriff, to make strict 
search for her, throughout all that County; commanding him, that in case he did 
rind her out, he should, if need were, raise the power of the County, and carry 
her back to Brunne.' But the hue and cry was of no avail ; the lady, having 
gone away of her own accord, could not be recovered ; and the next we hear 
of her is her divorce, by sentence of the Court of Rome — a notable instance of the 
early disregard of the sacrament of marriage in a church that now pronounces 



* " A latinier, or latimer, was literally a speaker or writer of Latin, that language being then the 
vehicle of all record or transcript. Latin, indeed, for centuries was the common ground on which all 
European ecclesiastics met. Thus it became looked upon as the language of interpretation. The term 
I am speaking of, however, seems to have become general at an early stage. An old lyric says, — 

" ' Lyare was mi latymer, 
Sloth & sleep mi bedyner.' 

Sir John Maundeville, describing an eastern route, says (I am quoting Mr. Lower), ' And men allweys 
fynden Latyneres to go with them in the contrees and ferther beyonde in to tyme that men conne the 
language.'" (Bardsley's " English Surnames.") "The word Latimai tits (whence the proper name 
Latimer) was first applied to one who understood Latin. Then it came to signify one who had 
acquired a knowledge of any other than his native language." (Eyton's " Shropshire.") 

328 



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it indissoluble. Lord Latimer married again : and had the ' ill hap' of being taken 
prisoner at Bannockburn. He was followed by two more Williams, his son and 
his grandson: the latter being only six years old when he succeeded to the 
barony. This fourth Lord Latimer proved the last of the line. He was a soldier 
from his very boyhood, and passed his life almost uninterruptedly in the French 
wars, in which various gallant feats of arms are recorded of him. In 1364, ' being 
with John de Montfort at the Siege of Doveroy, with scarce one thousand six 
hundred Men, he encountered with Charles de Bloys, who came to raise the 
Siege with no less than three thousand six hundred ; And in a sharp Battle, slew 
him, with almost one thousand Knights and Esquires ; taking Prisoners two 
Earls, twenty-seven Lords, and one thousand five hundred Men at Arms.' He 
served as Constable of Becherel in Brittany, Lt. and Captain General to John 
Duke of Brittany and Captain and Governor of the town, castle and Viscountcy 
of St. Sauveur, and was successively Steward of the Household and the King's 
Chamberlain. But in 1376 he was ' removed from all his trusts,' and impeached 
by the House of Commons. He was accused of squandering and appropriating 
the King's treasure; the loss of the town of St. Sauveur and the castle of 
Becherel was laid to his charge, and he was sentenced to pay a fine of 20,000 
marks. This, however, the King mercifully remitted, and soon after, the Lords 
and Commons both represented that he had been erased from the Privy Council 
and deprived of his offices by ' untrue suggestions,' he was reinstated — partly, it 
was said, by the favour of the Duke of Lancaster. Richard II. appointed him 
Captain of Calais, and sent him to treat of peace with Scotland. His last cam- 
paign was under Thomas of Woodstock, with whom he went to the siege of 
Nantes in 1380 as Constable of the host. He died the same year, leaving by his 
wife Lady Elizabeth Fitz Alan an only child, Elizabeth Latimer, his sole heiress. 
She was twice married — each time to a widower ; for she became the second wife 
of John, Lord Nevill of Raby, and then of Robert, Lord Willoughby de Eresby ; 
and by her first husband was the mother of three children, John, Elizabeth, and 
Margaret. John Nevill, who in her right was Lord Latimer, died childless in 
1430; his sister Margaret likewise died s. p.; and thus Elizabeth, who had 
married her stepson Sir Thomas W^illoughby, remained the only heir. But, 
within two years, the barony was granted, through the great power and pre- 
dominance of the Nevills, to a grandson of Lord Nevill's by his first wife, Sir 
George Nevill, on whom a part of the estates had been settled, and though an 
utter stranger to the blood of Latimer, he held it without dispute or cavil till 
his death. However, in the time of his grandson and successor Richard, it was 
claimed by the great-grandson and heir of Sir Thomas Willoughby, Robert Lord 
Broke ; when it was declared that Sir George had been created Lord Latimer by 
a new title; and Lord Broke 'having a title of his own, was contented to con- 
clude a match between their children ; and Richard suffered a recovery on certain 
manors and lordships demanded by the Lord Broke.' (Banks.) 

" The second brother of the first Lord Latimer, John de Latimer, who had 
married the younger Ledet heiress, left at his death, in 1283, a son known as 

329 



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Thomas le Latimer Bochard, and summoned to parliament in 1299 as Lord Latimer 
Braybrooke, to distinguish him from his uncle, who at the same time had sum- 
mons as Lord Latimer of Danby. He built a castle on his mother's inheritance 
at Braybrooke, and founded a line of Northamptonshire barons, that ended with 
his three childless grandsons, who each in turn succeeded to the title. Sir Thomas, 
the second of these, was eminent among the leaders of the Lollards, but recanted 
before his death, and like Sir Lewis Clifford, expressed his deep penitence in his 
will. He declared himself, ' a false Knyghte to God ;' praying that He ' would 
take so poore a present as my wrecchid Soule ys, into his merci, through the 
beseching of his blessed Modyr, and his holy Seynts.' Edward, the last Lord, 
who died in 141 1, bequeathed Braybrooke and all his other property to his sister's 
son, John Griffin. 

" Some descendants of the first Lord Latimer of Danby survived till 1505 in 
Dorsetshire, where John, his younger son, had acquired the manor of Duntish 
through its heiress Joan de Gouis. Sir Nicholas, the last heir, was attainted in 
the reign of Edward IV., though the attainder was afterwards reversed. Edith 
Latimer, the wife of Sir John Mordaunt, was his only child. 

■' The martyred Bishop Latimer was probably derived from a younger branch 
of this house, of which, as it had lapsed into obscurity, the pedigree is lost. His 
parents lived in Leicestershire, but had inherited none of the property held there 
during the fourteenth century by the Latimers of Braybrooke. ' My father,' he 
tells us, ' was a yeoman, and had no lands of his own ; only he had a farm of 3 
or 4 pounds a year at the uttermost, and hereupon he tilled as much as kept half a 
dozen men. He had walk for 100 sheep, and my mother milked 30 kine ; he was 
able and did find tiie King a harness with himself and his horse while he came to 
the place that he should receive the King's wages. I can remember that I buckled 
his harness when he went to Blackheath Field. He kept me to school ; he married 
my sisters with five pounds a piece, so that he brought them up in godliness and 
in the fear of God. He kept hospitality to his poor neighbours, and some alms 
he gave to the poor : and all this he did of the same farm, where he that now 
hath it payeth 16 pounds a year or more, and is not able to do anything for his 
prince, for himself, nor for his children, or give a cup of drink to the poor.' " 

There has always been a tradition in the Latimer family in this country 
that they were descended from a brother of Bishop Latimer. The British Ency- 
clopaedia gives the following: 

"Latimer, Hugh (1490-1555), bishop of Worcester, and one of the chief 
promoters of the Reformation in England, was a native of Thurcaston, Leicester- 
shire, and the son of a yeoman, who rented a farm ' of three or four pounds by 
year at the uttermost.' Of this farm he ' tilled as much as kept half a dozen men,' 
retaining also grass for a hundred sheep and thirty cattle. The year of Latimer's 
birth is not definitely known. In the Life by Gilpin it is given as 1470, a palpable 
error, and possibly a misprint for 1490. 

" Foxe states that at ' the age of fourteen years he was sent to the university 
of Cambridge,' and as he was elected fellow of Clare in 1509, his year of entrance 

330 




lllK.O /..iriMllRIIS ii»... \ ,v<M•|l.,•nsl.■ 



atppeuDijc 



was in all likelihood 1505. Latimer himself also, in mentioning his conversion' 
from Romanism about 1523, says that it took place after he was thirty years of age. 

" According to Foxe, Latimer went to school ' at the age of four or therea- 
bout.' The purpose of his parents was to train him up ' in the knowledge of all 
good literature,' but his father ' was as diligent to teach him to shoot as any other 
thing.' As the yeomen of England were then in comparatively easy circumstances, 
the practice of sending their sons to the universities was quite usual; indeed, 
Latimer mentions that in the reign of Edward VL, on account of the increase of 
rents, the universities had begun wonderfully to decay. He graduated B.A. in 
1 5 10, and M.A. in 15 14. Before the latter date he had taken holy orders. While 
a student he was not unaccustomed ' to make good cheer, and be merry,' but at 
the same" time he was a punctilious observer of the minutest rites of his faith and 
' as obstinate a Papist as any in England.' 

" So keen was his opposition to the new learning that his oration on the 
occasion of taking his degree of bachelor of divinity was devoted to an attack 
on the opinions of Melanchthon. It was this sermon that determined Bibney to 
go to Latimer's study, and ask him ' for God's sake to hear his confession,' the 
result being that ' from that time forward he began to smell the word of God, 
and forsook the school doctors and such fooleries.' Soon his discourses exer- 
cised a potent influence on learned and unlearned alike ; and although he restricted 
himself, as indeed was principally his custom through life, to the inculcation of 
practical righteousness, and the censure of clamant abuses, a rumour of his hereti- 
cal tendencies reached the bishop of Ely, who resolved to become unexpectedly 
one of his audience. Latimer on seeing him enter the church boldly changed his 
theme to a portrayal of Christ as the pattern priest and bishop. 

" The points of comparison were of course deeply distasteful to the prelate, 
who, though he professed his ' obligations for the good admonition he had 
received,' informed the preacher that he ' smelt somewhat of the pan.' Latimer 
was prohibited from preaching in the university or in any pulpits of the diocese, 
and on his occupying the pulpit of the Augustinian monastery, which enjoyed 
immunity from episcopal control, he was summoned to answer for his opinions 
before Wolsey, who, however, was so sensible of the value of such discourses 
that he gave him special license to preach throughout England. At this time 
Protestant opinions were being disseminated in England chiefly by the surreptitious 
circulation of the works of Wyclilife, and especially of his translations of the 
New Testament. The new leaven had begun to communicate its subtle influence 
to the universities, but was working chiefly in secret and even to a great extent 
unconsciously to those afifected by it, for many were in profound ignorance of 
the ultimate tendency of their own opinions. 

" It was perhaps, as regards England, the most critical conjuncture in the 
history of the Reformation, both on this account and on account of the position 
in which Henry VIII. then stood related to it. In no small degree its ultimate 
fate seemed also to be placed in the hands of Latimer. In 1526 the imprudent zeal 
of Barnes had resulted in an ignominious recantation, and in 1527 Bibney, Lati- 

331 



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men's most trusted coadjutor, incurred the displeasure of Wolsey, and did humili- 
ating penance for his offences. 

■' Latimer, however, besides possessing far-seeing sagacity, quick insight into 
character, and a ready and formidable wit which thoroughly disconcerted and 
confused his opponents, had naturally a distaste for mere theological discussion, 
and the truths he was in the habit of inculcating could scarcely be controverted, 
although, as he stated them, they were diametrically contradictory of prevailing 
errors both in doctrine and practice. 

" In December, 1529, he preached his two ' Sermons on the Cards,' which 
awakened a turbulent controversy in the university, and his opponents, finding 
that they were unable to cope with the dexterity and keenness of his satire, would 
undoubtedly have succeeded in getting him silenced by force, had it not been 
reported to the king that Latimer ' favoured his cause,' that is, the cause of the 
divorce. 

" While, therefore, both parties were imperatively commanded to refrain 
from further dispute, Latimer was invited to preach before Henry in the Lent 
of 1530. The king was so pleased with the sermon that after it ' he did most 
familiarly talk with him in a gallery.' 

" Of the special regard which Henry seemed to have conceived for him 
Latimer took advantage to pen the famous letter on the free circulation of the 
Scriptures, an address remarkable, not only for what Mr. Fronde justly calls ' its 
almost unexampled grandeur,' but for its striking repudiation of the aid of tem- 
poral weapons to defend the faith ; ' for God," he says, ' will not have it defended 
by man or man's power, but by his word only, by which he hath evermore 
defended it, and that by a way far above man's power and reason.' 

" Though the appeal was without effect on the immediate policy of Henry, he 
could not have been displeased with its tone, for shortly afterwards he appointed 
Latimer one of the royal chaplains. In times so ' out of joint' Latimer soon 
became ' weary of the court,' and it was with a sense of relief that he accepted 
the living of Westkinton, Wiltshire, conferred on him by the king in 1531. 

" Harassed by severe bodily ailments, encompassed by a raging tumult of 
religious conflict and persecution, and aware that the faint hopes of better times, 
which seemed to gild the horizon of the future, might be utterly darkened by a 
failure either in constancy of his courage or in his discernment and discretion, 
he exerted his eloquence with unabating energy in the furtherance of the cause 
he had at heart. 

" At last a sermon he was persuaded to preach in London exasperated 
Stokesley, bishop of the diocese, and seemed to furnish that fervent persecutor 
with an opportunity to overthrow the most dangerous champion of the new 
opinions. 

" Bibney, of whom Latimer wrote, ' If such as he shall die evil, what shall 
become of me?' perished at the stake in the autumn of 1531, and in January 
following Latimer was summoned to answer before the bishops in the consistory. 
After a tedious and captious examination, he was in March brought before convo- 

332 



appcndiic 



cation and on refusing to subscribe to certain articles was excommunicated and im- 
prisoned ; but through the interference of the king he was finally released after 
he had voluntarily signified his acceptance of all the articles except two, and 
confessed that he had erred not only ' in discretion but in doctrine.' 

" If in this confession he to some extent tampered with his conscience, there 
is every reason to believe that his culpable timidity was occasioned, not by per- 
sonal fear, but by anxiety lest by his death he should hinder instead of promoting 
the cause of truth. After the consecration of Cranmer in 1533 his position was 
completely altered. A commission appointed to inquire into the disturbances 
caused by his preaching in Bristol severely censured the conduct of his opponents ; 
and when the bishop prohibited him from preaching in his diocese, he obtained 
from Cranmer a special license to preach throughout the province of Canterbury. 

" In 1534 Henry formally repudiated the authority of the pope, and from 
this time Latimer was the chief co-operator with Cranmer and Cromwell in 
advising the king regarding the series of legislative measures which rendered 
that repudiation complete and irrevocable. 

" It was, however, the preaching of Latimer more than the edicts of Henry 
that established the principles of the Reformation in the minds and hearts of the 
people, and from his preaching the movement received its chief colour and com- 
plexion. The sermons of Latimer possess a combination of qualities which con- 
stitute them unique examples of that species of literature. It is possible to learn 
from them more regarding the social and political condition of the period than 
perhaps from any other source, for they abound, not only in exposure of religious 
abuses, and of the prevailing corruptions of society, but in references to many 
varieties of social injustice and unwise customs, in racy sketches of character, 
and in vivid pictures of special features of the time, occasionally illustrated by 
interesting incidents of his own life. 

" The homely terseness of his style, his abounding humour, rough, cheery, 
and playful, but irresistible in its simplicity, and occasionally displaying sudden 
and dangerous barbs of satire, his avoidance of dogmatic subtleties and noble 
advocacy of practical righteousness, his bold and open denunciation of the oppres- 
sion practised by the powerful, his scathing diatribes against ecclesiastical hypoc- 
risy, the transparent honesty of his fervent zeal, tempered by sagacious modera- 
tion — these are the qualities which not only rendered his influence so paramount in 
his life-time, but have transmitted his memory to posterity as perhaps that of the 
one among his contemporaries most worthy of our interest and admiration. 

" In September, 1535, Latimer was consecrated bishop of Worcester. While 
holding this office he was selected to officiate as preacher when friar Forest, whom 
he vainly endeavoured to move to submission, was burned at the stake for teach- 
ing treason to his penitents. In 1539, being opposed to the 'Act of the Six 
Articles,' Latimer resigned his bishopric, learning from Cromwell that this was 
the wish of the king. It would appear that on this point he was deceived, but 
as he now declined to accept the articles he was confined within the precincts of 
the palace of the bishop of Chichester. 

333 



appcnDfjc 



" After the attainder of Cromwell little is known of him until 1546, when on 
account of his connection with the preacher Crome, he was summoned before the 
council at Greenwich, and committed to the Tower. Henry died before his final 
trial could take place, and the general pardon at the accession of Edward VI. 
procured him his liberty. He declined to resume his see, notwithstanding the 
special request of the Commons, but in January, 1548, again began to preach, and 
with more efifectiveness than ever, crowds thronging to listen to him both in 
London and in the countPi'. 

" Shortly after the accession of Mary in 1553 a summons was sent to Lati- 
mer to appear before the council at Westminster. Though he might have escaped 
by flight, and though he knew, as he quaintly remarked, that ' Smithfield already 
groaned for him,' he at once joyfully obeyed. The pursuivant, he said, was ' a 
welcome messenger.' The hardships of his imprisonment, and the long disputation 
at O-xford, told severely on his health, but he endured all with unbroken cheerful- 
ness. On October 16, 1555, he and Ridley were led to the stake at O.xford. 
Never was man more free than Latimer from taint of fanaticism or less dominated 
by ' vainglory.' but the motives which now inspired his courage not only placed 
him beyond the influence of fear, but enabled him to taste in dying an ineflfable 
thrill of victorious achievement. Ridley he greeted with the words, ' Be of good 
comfort. Master Ridley, and play the man; we shall this day light such a candle 
by God's grace in England as ( I trust) shall never be put out.' He ' received 
the flame as it were embracing it. After he had stroked his face with his hands, 
and (as it were) bathed them a little in the fire, he soon died (as it appeared) 
with very little pain or none.' " 

BENEZET. 

Memorial commence le 16 Aoust 1682 

Pour Jean Benezet 

Mart a Abbeville. 

Continue par son fils 

Jean Etienne Benezet 

(That which follows of the endorsement is illegible.) 

Le i6me Aoust 1682, je me suis marie avec Marie Madelaine Testart, fille 
de M. Pierre Testart et de desfunte Rachel Cromelin de la ville de St Quentin. 
Dieu par sa grace nous donne la joie. 

Le 22nie Join 1683 a deux heures et demy du matin, ma femme est accouchee 
d'un fils — Le 25 du mois il a cste baptise par Monsieur Maillard. ministre dans 
ma maison par permission du magistrat, et presente en baptisme par mon frere 
Antoine Benezet, a la place de mon pere * et Damoiselle Catherine Bannerssage a 



* Le pere s'appelois Estienne Benezet de Cauvisson eii Languedoc, etestoit fils de Claude Benezet 
(Cauvisson cannot be found in the Gazetteer. Reference is no doubt made to Carcassonne, the home 
of one branch of the family.) 

334 



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la place de Madme Testard, belle mere de ma femme, et a este nomme Jean 
Estienne. 

Dieu veuillc !e benir et nous en donner joye 

Le 24me Jiiin 1684 ma femme est accouchee de fils, a dix heures du soir. 
Le Dimanche deux Juillet 1684, il este baptise a Neuville, par Monsieur Maillard, 
ministre, et prcscnte par Monsieur Pierre Testart mon beau-pere, et par Damoiselle 
Marie Madm Cromelin, femme de Monsieur Isaac Testart Marchand a Londre — 
et a este nomme Pierre. Dieu veuille lu}' donner sa grace, et nous donne la joye 
de le voir dans I'eglize de Dieu sa crainte au 

de tous ses paran. 

Le 2 Aoust 1686 Pierre Benezet dent il est parte cy dessus est mort a onze 
heures et demy du soir il a este enterre le lendemain en I'eglize St Jacques de cette 
ville d'Abbeville 

Dieu conserver ceux de nos enfans quy sa gloire 

Le 5 Octobre 1685, ma femme est accouchee du troisieme fils a 7 heures et 
demy du soir. Le 6me du mesme mois il a este baptise par Monsieur Rauliz Min- 
istre par permission de Monsr de la mazeur d'Abbeville, en presence 
de M. Nicholas Dansel presente par Mons. Jacques de la Guise, 
banquier de Paris, et damoiselle Marie Robelin femme de Monsieur Isaac Cauro- 
bay — entrepreneur de la manufacture de draps — et a este nomme Jacque — 
Dieu veuille donner la joye a son pere et sa mere de le voir grand 
dans I'esglise de Dieu a le et de tous les parens : Ainsy soit il. 

Le 2ime Decemb 1686, ma femme est accouchee d'un fils a quatre heures du 
matin. 

Le 26 du mesme mois il a este baptise dans I'esglize St Jacques par Monsieur 
le Cure. Presente par Monsr Jacques Demons — de la horde comme 

procureur de Monsieur Arnaud Coner Seru du roy parrain — et dame 

Catherine Elizabeth de Villebrun femme du d' s' Demons. II a este 

nomme Jean Jacques nom de son parain et du procureur. Dieu veuille le benir et 
que son pere et mere ayt le joye de le voir grand et en la craint de 

Dieu. Pour la joye de tous ses parens, O Dieu veuille le conduire dans le chemin 
du sallut et lui donner la vraye connaissance de ton St Evangille et la pratique 
de tous les vertus chrestiennes. 

Ainsy soit il. 

Le 5 Janvier 1688 ma femme est accouchee d'un garcon a la premiere heure 
du matin. Le — jour du mesme mois il a este baptise a la paroisse St Jacques a 
Abbeville par Monsr Darsen Cure de la paroisse. Presente en baptisme par M. 
Bonner comme procureur et charge de Mons' Cyrus Testart mon 

beaufrere mart a St Quentin quy en est le parrain 

et a este nomme Cyrus — 
335 



appenDiic 



Dieu par sa grace le veuille beiiir et nous donner la joye de le en sa 

crainte la joye de ses parens et pere et 

mere, O Dieu veuille luy apprendre sur le chemin qu'il doit tenir et 

sentiment d'un veritable enfant chrestien suivre la verite 

de ton Evangille en pratiquant tons les vertues chrestiennes. 
Ainsy soit il. 

Le 5me Mars 1689 ma femme est accouchee d'une fiUe entre les 

II et 12 heures de la nuit. 

Le 6 du mesme moys elle a est baptise a I'esglise St Catherine notre paroisse 
a St Quentin, et presentee en baptisme par Monsr Cyrus Testart mon beaufrere, 
au nom et comme procureure de mon frere Jean-Baptiste Benezet de Dunkerque, 
quy en a este le parrain, et par Mademoiselle Marguerite de Valmond 

fille quy en a est la maraine Elle a este nommee Madelaine Marguerite du nom de 
sa mere et de sa maraine par Monsieur Huet Cure de notre Paroisse St Catherine. 
Dieu par sa grace veuille benir cette fille et donner la joye a ses pere et mere de 
la grande et en sa crainte de Dieu. O Dieu veuille luy 

faire la grace de cstre la connaissance de la verite de Evan- 

gille et qu'elle soit capable de s'atacher a ton service comme 

une veritable chretienne. suivant la du vray culte que tu demande a tes 

en fans et qu'elle estre la fidelle de sa mere en s'atachant aussi 

a la pratique de tons les vertues chrestiennes. 

Ainsy soit il. 

Le 2me Novembre 1690 Ma femme est accouchee d'un garcon a 4 heures 
du matin. 

Le 12 du mois II a este baptise et presente en baptisme par M. 

comme mon beaufrere Testard comme procureur — ce Mons 

conr du roy quy en a este le 

parrain et par Damoiselle Margt de dessuns M. Nos 

a Abbeville — a este nomme du nom de son parrain 
Milizior Dieu veuille par sa grace benir cet enfant et donner la joye a ces peres 
et meres de le voir grand et en la crainte de Dieu. II a este baptise 

a I'esglise St Catherine notre paroisse par Mons. Huet Cure. O Dieu 
veuille par ta bonte accorder a cet enfant toutes les graces necessaires con- 
naistre la verite de ton evangille instruit et en ta crainte 

que cette place II soit aussi de ses pere 

et mere aussi bien que ces autres freres et soeurs quel la benediction 

Le Novembre 1702 Melizior dont il est parle ces dessus est mort a 

Paris d'une fevre continue I'agonye. II a este enterre 

au cimitere de St fauxbourg St Germain. 

Le 23me aoust 1692 — ma femme est accouchee a St Quentin d'un garcon, 
a 5 heures du matin. Le lendemain il a este baptise et presente en baptisme par 

336 



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M. Louis nostre amy et nostre voisin — et Damoiselle Elizabeth 

ses parain et maraine, a nostre paroisse St Catherine a St Quentin, par 
Mons. Hiiet Cure de paroisse, et a este noinme Pierre du nom de son grand 

pere Monsieur Testard de meurant a present a Harlem. 

Dieu veuille beiiir cet enfant comme tons les autres et en donne joye a son 
pere et a 

Sa mere estant tombee malade le lendemain de sa couche, elle est morte le 7 
de Septembre, au grande regret de sa famille et a la grande affliction de moy, 
Benezet, son mari. Sa maladie n'a este que de quinze jours. Elle a toujours 
este resignee a la volonte de Dieu, et rendu temoignage de sa foi en Jesus Christ, 
jusques au moment qu'elle a rendu I'esprit. 

Le 15 Aoust 1710 Le Sr Jean Benezet qui a ecrit de sa propre main ce qui est 
contenu jusques icy du present memorial, est morte a Abbeville d'une appoplexie, 
a la grande affliction de ses enfans et universallement regrette de tous ses parens 
et amys. II servivit de modele a sa famille en vertu probite et crainte de Dieu. 

Le Mardy 29 octobre 1709 moy Jean Etienne Benezet me suis marie en la 
paroisse de Ste Eustache de Paris, avec Judith Dela Mejanelle fille de desfunt 
Mr. Leon Delamejanelle mard de Iviles a St Quentin, et de Madme Judith Lien- 
rard sa femme, demeurant au present en rue des a Paris. Dieu veulle 

par sa sainte grace repandre sa benediction sur notre marriage, et nous faire la 
grace de passer en paix et en union les jours qu'il plaire a sa Divine Providence 
nous accorder sur la terre. 

Le premier novembre 1710 entre 9 et 10 heures du soir, ma femme est 
accouchee d'une fille. 

Le lendemain elle a este baptise en I'eglise de St Catherine de St Quentin, 
par le cure Mr Huet, et presente au baptisme par le Sr Jean Le Riche Jardinier, 
par procuration de Mr Cyprian Testart, et par la femme du Sr Banard par pro- 
curation de Madme Dela Mejanelle — et a este nomme Marie Madelaine Judith. 

Dieu veuille la benir et la faire civistre en sa grace. 

Le 26 fevrier 1712 a huit heures du matin ma femme est accouchee d'une 
fille, et le meme jour elle a este baptisee en I'eglise de St Catherine a St Quentin 
par Mr Drassen cure de la de paroisse et a este presentee au baptisme par 
Theodore Galamloix au nom et comme procureur de Mr Jean Baptiste Benezet 
mard a Dunkerque — et par Madelaine Miche en place et au nom de Made Mari- 
anne Lienrard femme de Mr Ragenneau Dela Chenaye mard a Paris, et a este 
nommee Marianne. Dieu veuille repandre sur elle ses plus salutaires benedictions. 

Le 12 may 1712 Marianne Benezet dont il est parle dans I'article cy devans 
est morte a neux heures et demy du soir et a este interree le lendemain en I'eglise 
de St Catherine a St Quentin. 

22 337 



appettDtr 



Le 3ie Janvier 1713 a dix heures du soir ma femme est accouchee d'un garcon 
— et le lendeniain il a este baptise en I'eglise de St Catherine a St Quentin par 
Mr Drassen cure de la de paroisse il a este presente au baptisme par le Sr Pierre 
Cretel au nom et comme procureur de Mr Anthoine Benezet Darsillon Sub- 
delegue de I'entendant a Dunkerque et par Anne Lesene en place et au nom de 
Madm Charlotte Lienrard femme de Mr Valmalett mard a Paris — et a este nomme 
Antoine. 

Dieu le veuille benir et le faire croistre en sa grace. 

Dieu nous ayons mis au coeur d'abandonner la France et de nous retirer dans 
un pais protestant pour y pouvoir professer librement notre sainte Religion, nous 
sommes partis de St Quentin avec nos deux enfans le ^^ne fevrier 171 5 et sommes 
heureusement arrive a Rotterdam le 15 du meme mois. 

Le 29 fevrier a une heure du matin, ma femme est accouchee d'une fille, et 
le pr mars elle a este baptistee en I'eglise Walonne de Rotterdam par Monsr de 
Superville ministre de la de eglise presentee au baptisme par moy J. E. Benezet 
en place et au nomme de mon frere Jacque Benezet, et par ma belle soeur Mad'e 
Jeanne Delamejanelle et a este nommee Susanne. Loue soit Dieu de ce qui cet 
enfant a este baptise dans une eglise protestante ! 

Le 2onie May 1716 Susanne Benezet dont il est parle dans I'article precedent 
est morte et a este enterree en I'eglise Walonne de Rotterdam. 

Le 22me Aoust 1715 je suis party de Rotterdam avec ma famille pour me 
venir establir en Angleterre et le 26me du de mois nous avons debarque a Green- 
wich ou ma famille est restee un mois, en attendant que j'eusse trouve une maison 
a Londre. 

Ntu que tons les dattes nottes j usque icy sont suivant le nouveaux stile — 
mais ceux qui vont suivre seront suivant le vieux stile — dont on se sert en Angle- 
terre. 

Le /"ie Juillet 1716 a quatre heures d'apres midy ma femme est accouchee 
d'une fille et le iime du de mois elle a este baptisee par Mr Ducrocq ministre des 
eglises de la Savoye et des Grecs presentee au baptisme par Mr A. Frederick 
Pigou mard a Londres et par ma belle soeur Mad'e Marianne Delamejanelle et a 
este nomme Marianne. 

Dieu veuille benir cet enfant et luy faire la grace de mettre a profit les bonnes 
instructions que Ton recoit abondament dans cet heureux pais de liberie. 

Son extrait baptisme doit se trouver sur les livres des des eglises. 

Le 22 Juillet 1717 a neuf heures du soir ma femme est accouchee d'une 
fille — et le 24 du de elle a este baptisee en eglise franqoise de Wandsworth par 
Monsr Delaroque ministre de la de eglise — presentee au baptisme par Mons. 

338 



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Pierre Valmalette mard a Paris — et par ma belle soeur Susanne Delamejanelle et 
a este nommee Susanne. Dieu veuille repandre sur elle ses plus salutaries bene- 
dictions. 

Le 6 may 1719 a une heure et demy d'apres midy ma fenime est accouchee 
d'un garcon et le 10 du de mois il a este baptise par Mr Brown Lecteur de I'eglise 
angloise de Wandsworth — presente au baptisme par M. Pre Ribot au nom et 
comme procureur de mon frere Pierre Benezet et par Mr Pierre Simond — et par 
Made Ribot au nom et place de ma soeur Debrissac. L'enfant a este nomme 
Pierre du nom de ses deux parains. Dieu veuille le benir. 

Le 22, May 1719 a cinq heures du soir Pierre Benezet dont il est parle en 
I'article precedent est mort et a este enterre le lendemain au cimetiere des Francois 
a Wandsworth. 

Le 26me aoust 1 72 1 a trois heures et demy du matin ma femme est accouchee 
d'un garcon — et le 9 Septembre il a este baptise par Mr King ministre Anglois 
de la paroisse de Chelsey presente au baptisme par mon frere Jacque Benezet et 
Mons. Jacque Pierre Dumonstee, devatre, et par Madle Anne Mire et a este 
nomme Jacque. 

Dieu le veuille benir et le faire croitre en sa grace. 

Le 6 novembre 1722 a neuf heures du matin ma femme est accouchee d'un 
gar(;on de 15 jours ou trois semaines avant son terme. Le i2nie il a este baptise 
par M. Tacher ministre de I'eglise Fran(;oise du Quarre — presente au baptisme 
par mon beaufrere M. Philipe Devisme et par ma fille Judith Benezet et a este 
nomme Philipe. Dieu veuille le benir et le faire croistre en sa grace. Son extrait 
baptisme se trouvera sur les livres de I'eglise du Quarre en Berwick Street. 

Le 26 Decembre 1723 a sept heures du matin ma femme est accouchee d'un 
garcon, et le 5me Janvier 172! il a este baptise par Mr De Tacher ministre de 
I'eglise Francois du Quarre, et a este presente au baptisme par Monsieur Daniel 
Chamier mon beau frere et par ma fille Judith Benezet au lieu et place de Made 
Geertryd Testart veuve de Mr Pierre Testart d'Amsterdam et a este nomme 
Daniel du nom de son parain. Dieu veuille repandre sur cet enfant ses plus salu- 
taires benedictions et le faire croistre en sa grace. Ce baptisme est enregistre 
sur les livres de I'eglise Franqoise du Quarre. 

Le 15 Janr 172^ a une heure d'apres midy ma femme est accouchee d'une 
fille et le 2ie du meme mois elle a este baptisee par Mr De Tacher Ministre de 
I'eglise Francoise du Quarre et a este presentee au baptisme par Mr Alexandre 
Desfourneaux et par Made Susanne Simond femme de Mr Pierre Simond et a 
este nommee Madelaine. Dieu veuille la benir, et lui faire la grace de s'attacher 
a la pratique de toutes les vertus chrestiennes a I'edification de toute sa famille. 

339 



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Le I2me Janvier 172I a dix heures et demy du soir Madelaine Benezet dont 
il est park dans I'article precedent est morte et le 14 au menie mois elle este 
cnterree dans le cimetiere de Poland Street dependant de la paroisse de St James. 

Le 5 mars 172^ a cinq heures du soir ma femme est accouchee d"une fiUe 
et le 15 du de elle a este baptisee a la maison par Mr De Tacher ministre de I'eglise 
francoise du Ouarre Berwick Street et a este presentee au baptisme par Mr Elbort 
Testart et par ma fille Judith Benezet au lieu et place de ma belle sceur Susanne 
Benezet femme de Mr Pre Benezet, Mard a Amsterdam. L'enfant a este nonmiee 
Gertrude. Dieu vcuille la benir et la faire croistre en sa grace dans la piete et 
toutes Ics vertus chrcstiennes a I'edification de sa famille. 

Le 28 Mars 1728 Gertrude Benezet dont il est parle dans I'article precedent 
est morte des dens apres avoir languy un mois et le 3oe du meme mois elle a este 
enterree dans le cimetiere de St Martin in the Fields. Dicu vcuille benir le reste 
de nos enfans et disposer d'eux et de nous suivant son bon plaisir et nous rendu 
digne de son eternelle niisericorde. 

Le 6 de fevrier 172I a huit heures et demy du matin ma femme est accouche 
d'un garqon au terme d'environ sept mois et demy — et le meme jour il a este 
baptise par Mr Prelleur ministre Francois dcmeurant a Hoxton. II a este 
presente au baptisme par mon fils Anthoine Benezet et ma fille Marianne Benezet 
et a este nomme Jean. Quoyque cet enfant soit fort foible Dieu pent en faire un 
vaisseau de force dans sa maison pour I'edification de plusicurs a la grande satis- 
faction de ses pcrc et mere et toute la famille. 

Ainsi soit il. 

Le loe Febr 172I Jean Benezet dont il est parle cy derriere est mort a sept 
heures du soir et a este enterre le 12 du meme mois dans le cimetiere de I'eglise 
de St Leonard en Shoredish. Dieu veuille conserver le reste de la famille autant 
qu'il est expedient pour sa gloire et pour le saint d'un chacun de nous. 

Le 12 Juin 1730 a onze heure du matin ma femme est accouchee d'une fille 
et le 2oe du meme mois elle a ete baptisee par Mr Prelltur Ministre Francois 
demeurant a Hoxton, elle a ete presentee au bapteme par moy-meme comme pro- 
cureur de Mr Debrissac mon beaufrere de St Quentin et par Francoise Elizabeth 
Benezet femme de mon frere Mr Ja Benezet de Londres — et a ete nommee Eliza- 
beth. Mr Prelleur s'est charge de le faire enregistrer sur les livres de la paroisse 
de St Leonard, Shoreditch. Dieu veuille repandre ses graces et benedictions sur 
cet enfant et nous en donner joyc et satisfaction. Amen. 

Le 23 deccmbre 1730 Elizabeth Benezet dont il est parle en I'article cy dessus 
est morte et a este enterree le Icndemain dans le cimetiere de I'eglise de St Leonard 
en Shoreditch. 

340 



Siibfj: 



The small numbers after names denote the generation. 

It has been thought best to place under one head certain names which appear with 
both the German and English spelling throughout the book. A confusing difference fre- 
quently extends to the Christian as well as the surnames, which has added to the difficulties 
of arrangement. 

Names in square brackets following Christian names, if in italics, have been acquired 
by marriage; if in Roman type, they give the woman's family name. 

Where two or more persons of the same name occur on a page, the name is usually 
given but once. 



Agnew, Mr., 218 
Albright, Alexander, 121 

Anna Maria, 123 

Anna Maria [Schmahl or Small], 15, 25, 
31. 33. 2fi, 61, 109, 121, 123 

Anna Maria [ ], 25 

Anna Maria Ursula [Dinkel], 102, 121, 
124, 129, 131 

Anna Mary iSmall]. See Anna Maria 

Antoni or Anthony, 99, loi, 102 

Barbara [ ], 99, 102 

Catharine or Helena Catharine [Kurt:\, 
109, 121, 122 

Catherine, 123 

Catherine [Reigart], 121, 123 

Charles, 121 

Christina or Helena Christina [Leather- 
man], log, 121 

Elizabeth, 123 

Elizabeth [Schultz], 109, 121, 123 

Elizabeth [ ], 100 

George, 73, 99-102, 121, 123 

George or Johann Georg, 109, no, 115 
116, 118, 119, 120, 121 

Hans, 99, 102 

Helena Catharine. See Catharine 

Helena Christina. See Christina 

Herman, 121 

Johann Georg. See George 

John, 117 

Margaret or Margaretha [Sinn], 109, 
121, 122, 123 

Peter, 99, loi, 102, 115 



Albright, Philip, 13, 25, 61, loi, 102-121, 129, 
131, 132 

Susan, 121 

Susan [Herman], 121 

Alden, Annie C. [ ], 67 

Alexander, Nathaniel, 227 

William, 134 
Alicocke, Jos., 199 
Allen, Judge, 145 

Margaret, 195 

William, 195 
Allison, Benjamin, 56 

R., 119 

R. K., 56 
Ammonet, Francis, 215 

Jeanne [Crommelin, DuFay], 215 
Amoss, Garrett, 232 

Ruthanna [Parry], 232 
Anderson, Anna [Reidl, 183 

Coll., 175 

John, 183 

Mary, 67 

Tate, 67 
Armand, M., 200 
Armestead, Wilson, 203 
Armstrong, Francis, 229 

Colonel William, 142, 143 
Atlee, Colonel Samuel John, 103 
Ayries, Sarah [Bcneset], 199, 206 

Bailey, Sarah A. [Latimer], 155 
Baily, Abigail [Johnson, Wickersham, 
Cloud], 221, 222, 223 



341 



9!nDejc 



Baily, Ann [Cloud], 222 

Ann [Short], 221, 222 

Betty [Caldwell], 222 

Daniel, 221, 222 

Grace, 147, 149 

Isaac, 222, 223 

Joel, 221, 222 

John, 222 

Josiah, 222 

Lydia [Pusey], 222 

Mary [Stewart, Harlan], 221, 222 

Olive [Harry], 222 

Sarah [Bentley], 222 

Sarah [Marsh], 222 

Thomas, 222 
Baker, Lydia [Richardson], 220, 227 

Lydia [ ], 227 

Nehemiah, 227 
Ball, Jacob, 146 
Banard, Sr., 201 
Banchr, Eva, 97 

Johannes, 97 
Bandle, George Small, 80 

Luther, 80 
Banning, Freeborn, 156 

Sarah [Geddes], 156 
Bannirssage, Catherine, 193 
Barclay, John, 182 

Robert, 176 
Bare, Henry, 114 
Barnes, Rev. Albert, 158 

John, Jr., 102 

John E., 102 
Barnitz, Catherine [Spangler], 135 

Charles, 117 

C. A., 120 

Charles A., 34, 92 

Charles T., 56 

E. A.. SS 

George, 135 

J., 117 

Jacob, 118 
John, 25, 26 
Mary, 92 

Bartlett, David L., 77 

Bartow, Ann, 180 

Ann [Stillwell], 177 
Anna [Drinker], 180, 181 
Anthony, 174, 176, 177, 178 
Basil, 174, 176, 177, 178 
Bathsheba [Pell], 177, 178 
Benjamin, 180, 181 
Charity [Stevenson], 177 
Clarinda [Punderson], 177 



Bartow, Daniel, 180, 181 

Elizabeth [Reich], 180, 181 

Eiiphame [H'hile], 178 

Hannah [Tucker], 179 

Helena [Sargent], 180, 181 

Helena or Helene [Reid], 173, 174, 175, 
177, 183 

John, 173-177. 178, 183 

John Benezet, 180, 181 

Margaret [Pell], 178 

Mary [Peter], 180, 181 

Mary [Quinby], 177 

Sarah [Latimer], 43, 82, 150, 159, 163, 
180, 181 

Sarah [Benezet], 179, 180, 181, 207, 208, 
209 

Susanna [Dat'id], 180, 181 

Theodosia [Prevost, Burr], 177, 178 

Theodosius, 174, 175, 176, 177 

Theophilus, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178 

Dr. Thomas, 173 

Thomas, 159, 174, 175, 176, 177-179 

Thomas, 179-181, 208, 209 
Bastress, J., 51 
Baugher, Frederick, 56 
Baughman, Amos. 56 
Baum, Rev. VVm. M., D.D., 40 
Baum, W. M., 56 
Baumgardner, Anna Maria, 132 

Catherine, 132 

Daniel, 132 

Elizabeth, 132 

Leonard, 132 

Margaret [Dinkel], 132 

Rebecca, 132 

Sarah, 132 

Thomas, 132 
Bayly. See Baily 
Beard, Joseph, 119 
Beaverson, D., 56 
Bechtel, John, 195 
Bechtol, Samuel, 70 
Beck, John V., 56 
Becker, Wm., 51 
Beers, James, 206 

Susan [Benezet], 206 
Beitzel, Benjamin, 31 
Bend. Rev. Joseph G. L, 17 
Benezet, Ann [Hasell], 196, 199, 205 

Anne, 206 

Anne Hasell, 206 

Anthony, 82, 190, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 
201-203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 
230 



342 



31nDc]c 



Benezet, Antoine, 192 

Catharine [Graff], 208, 210 

Catherine [Severn], 205 

Charlotte, 206 

Claude, 191 

Cyrus, 192, 200 

Daniel, 179, i8o, 196, 197, 198, 199, 206^ 

208, 209, 210, 211-212 
Elizabeth, 199, 200, 206, 209 
Elizabeth [HorsHcld], 193, 196, 207, 208, 

210-21 1 
Elizabeth [Bogart], 210 
Elizabeth [North], 179, 199, 207, 208 
Elizabeth Frangoise [Fonnereau]. See 

Frangoise Elizabeth 
Estienne, 190 
Francois, 190 
Frangoise Elizabeth [Fonnereau], 192, 

199. 200, 209 
Gertrude, 199, 200, 208 
Hannah [Bingham, Blackiuell], 208, 209 
Hannah G. [Vandegrift], 206 
Hasell, 206 

Jacques, 192, 199-200, 203, 209 
James, 99, 196, 197, 199, 205, 206 
Jane, 206 

Jean. See Louis Jean 
Jean, 199, 208 
Jean Baptiste, 192, 200, 201 
Jean Estienne. See John Stephen, 192 
Jean Jacques, 192, 200 
John, 210 
John Stephen, 192-199, 200, 205, 206, 

208. 209, 215 
Joyce [Marriott], 199, 201, 202, 203 
Judah (Judith?), 208 
Judith. See Marie Madelaine Judith 
Judith [de la Mejanelle], 192, 193, 195, 

196, 197, 199, 215 
Julianna, 210 

[Louis] Jean, 191, 192, 193, 215 

Madelaine, 199, 208 

Madelaine Marguerite ide Brissac], 

192, 200, 205 
Major, 200 

Margaret [Mayer], 208, 210 
Maria [IVilling], 207, 209 
Maria [Hanbucker], 210 
Marianne, 199, 201 
Marianne [Lischy], 192, 197, 198, 199, 

204 
Marie Madelaine Judith [Bruce, Otto], 

197, 198, 199, 201, 206, 208 
Marie Madelaine [Testart], 192, 215 



Benezet, Mary, 210 

Mary [Chandler], 206 

Mary [H'ood, Pilmore], 208, 209, 211 

Mary [Engle], 208, 210 

Milizior, 192, 200 

Peggy [Mayer]. See Margaret 

Philip, 197, 198, 199, 206, 207 

Pierre, 192, 199, 204, 205, 208 

Pierre Testart, 192, 200, 205 

Roxanna, 208, 211, 212 

Saint, 190 

Samuel, 205, 206 

Samuel, M.D., 206 

Sarah [Bartow], 179, 180, 181, 207, 208, 
209 

Sarah [Ayries], 199, 206 

Sarah [Rodman], 196, 206 

Stephen or Estienne, igi, 193 

Stephen, 205 

Susan, 206 

Susan [Beers], 206 

Susanne, 199, 203 

Susanne [Pyrlaeus], 197, 198, 199, 204 

Susanne [ ], 192, 200, 208 

William, 208 
Benison, John, 117 
Bennett, Thomas, 56 
Bent, Major L. S., 77 
Bentley, Sarah [Baily], 222 
Bentz, George, 114 

Henry, 107 
Benzien, Christn. Lewis, 179 
Bertaut, General, 173 
Berthwaite, Margaret [Johnson], 223 
Biddle, Owen, 105 

Sanil., 140 
Bierman, H., 47 
Billmeyer, Emma Augusta [Houser], 235 

George, 235 
Billmyer, Andrew, 28, 117 

Elizabeth. 28 
Jacob, 126, 129 
Bingham, Hannah [Benezet, Blackwell], 
208, 209 
James, 195 

Mary [Stamper], 209 

William, 195, 209 
Bird, Empson, 139, 141, 142, 143 
" Emsson," 142 

George, 142 

Margaret [Gordon], 142 

Mary [Montgomery], 142 

Mary, 142 

Susan [Latimer], 141, 142 



343 



5nDc]c 



Bird, Susanna, 142 




Brown, Mr., 204 


Thomas, 142 




Browne, Joshua, 226 


Thompson, 142 




Browns, Nathaniel, 228 


Bittner, Jacob, 19 




Bruce, David, 199, 201 


Blackwell, Hannah [Bingh 


am, Bcnezct], 


John David, 201 


208, 209 




John Stephen, 201 


Rebecca [Harrison], 209 




Judith. See Marie Madelaine Judith 


Rev. Robert, D.D., 209, 210 


Marie Madelaine Judith [Benezet 


Blair, Dr. Alexander R., 52, 


53. 63, 66, 85, 


Otto], 197, 198, 199, 201, 206, 208 


86, 92, 93 




Brubaker, Conrad, loi 


Cassandra Morris [Small'), 52, 53, 63, 


John, 15 


66, 7i< 79. 85-86, gz, 93 




Buckly, , 114 


Philip A. Small, 86, 92 




Bulkley, Ann [Hascll], 205 


Bloche, Maria Elizabeth, 2 




Ann [Jones, Growdcn], 205 


Peter, 2 




Samuel, 205 


Bogart, Elizabeth [Benezet], 


210 


Burke, Ester, 151 


James, Jr., 210 




Burnet, William, 179 


Boiler, Frederick, 181 




Burns, William F., 77 


Bondd, Emm»on. See Empson Bird 


Burr, Colonel Aaron, 177 


Bonham, Ephrm., 118 




Theodosia [Bartow, Prcvost], 177, 178 


Bonner, M., 200 




Busser, J. R., 56 


Boodley, James, 228 




Butt, Rev. Daniel McClellan, 66 


Booth, Washington, yy 




Rev. Jacob Scott, 66 


Bordley, George Small, 80 




Buyers, John, 118 


Boring, Catherine, 132 




Byer, Jacob, 115 


Catherine [Dinkel], 132 






Daniel, 132 




Cain, Catherine [de Counick], 215 


Elizabeth, 132 




John, 215 


Ezekiel, 132 




Caldwell, Betty [Baily], 222 


Jacob, 132 




Camas, Lord of, 214 


John, 132 




Cambell, Marion, 175 


Peter, 132 




Cameron, Simon, 75 


Sarah, 132 




Campbell, Betsey [Killough], 229 


William, 132 




James, 115 


Bosser, W. F., 56 




Candler, David, 107, 117 


Bott, Herman (Hermanns), 


7, 8 


David, 129, 133, 134 


Bouge, Frederick, 14 




Rev. David, 133 


Bowie, Oden (ex-Governor), 


77 


Maria Catherine [Dinkel], 124, 126, 129 


Ralph, 116, 117 




133 


Boyd, Lieut. Thos., 104 




Cantler. See Candler 


Boyer, Joseph, 11 




Capellano (Sculptor), 17 


Brady, Owen, 145 




Cares, Rev., 31 


Bragg, Frances Madison [Small], 89 


Carmichael, Thomas, 228 


Bramble, George Small, 80 




Carner, A. B., 43 


Brice, General Benjamin, yy 




Carolus, Lawrence, 222 


Brien, Edward, 234 




Carroll, M. C, 55 


Briley, Wm., 108 




Carter Ann [Richardson], 226, 232 


Brockden, Charles, 194 




Elizabeth [Killough], 229 


Brodhead, Lieutenant-Colonel 


103 


Ruth, 232 


Broebaugh, Eli, 56 




Samuel, 232 


Brooks, Samuel, 113 




Cassat, David, 25, 53, 119 


Walter B., 77 




H. H., 34 


Brown, Captain, 105 




Isabel [Small], 36, S3. 61, 62, 63, 64-68 


L M., 55 




83,92 



344 



Inux 



Cathcart, Alexander, 157, 159 




Cotton, Rev. Henry E., 88 


James Latimer, 159 




Cousin, Anne [Cromnielin], 216 


Jane Latimer, 159 




Isaac, 216 


Jean Latimer, 149, 150 




Cosby, Governor, 183 


Margaret [Latimer], 150, 152, 


153 


Cowie, James, 3 


Mary [Walker], 157 




Cox, Thomas, 8 


Rev. Robert, 152, 157, 159, 233 




Rev. A. Cleveland, 86 


Rev. Robert, D.D., 31, 53, 82, 


150, 157- 


Crafert, Christopher, 7 


159. 172 




Cremer or Kramer, Andrew, 107 


Robert, 159 




Cretel, Pierre, 201 


Sarah Geddes, 149, 150, 159 




Crommelin, Adrien, 214, 215 


Sarah Geddes [Latimer], 159, 


160 


Alexander, 218 


Susanna [Latimer], 145, 146, 


ISO, I57~ 


Anne, 115, 217 


159 




Anne [Cousin], 215 


Thomas Latimer, 159 




Anne [Crommelin], 216 


[Potter], 151 




Anne [Testart], 216 


Caurobay, Isaac, 200 




Armand, 213, 214, 215 


Marie [Robelin], 200 




Catharine, 215 


Chalres, Henry, 26 




Catharine [de Counick], 215 


Chambers, Wm, 51 




Charles, 218 


Chamier, Daniel, 207 




Daniel, 215, 216 


Champion, Jehu, 147, 149 




Elizabeth [Testart], 216 


Chandler, Mary [Benezet], 206 




Francis, 215 


Samuel, 206 




Frangoise [Seigneuret], 215 


Chapin, Attorney, 158 




Heinderic, 213 


Edward, 53 




Jacob, 213, 214, 215, 216 


Chapman, Matthew, 115, 117 




Jacques, 215 


Clark, Daniel, 175 




James, 215 


John. 115, 118 




Jean, 214, 215, 216 


Cleaver, Jno. M., 140 




Jeanne [Ammonet, DuFay], 215 


Clendennin, Rebecca [Embree], 23 


I 


Josse or Joshua, 214, 215 


Cleveland, Duchess of, 170 




Louis, 215, 216, 217, 218 


Cloud, Abigail [Johnson, JVickersham, 


Katherine [Desdeuxvilles], 215 


Baily], 222, 223 




Madeline [Hutcheson], 218 


Ann [Baily], 222 




Madeline [Mangin], 218 


Jeremiah, 222 




Madeline [Testart], 215 


Mordecai, 223 




Magdalen [de Bermeres], 218 


Coats, Grace [Litcenberger], 233 




Marianne, 216 


John, 194 




Marie [Lombard], 215 


Coleman, Annie [Rogers], 57 




Marie [Pigoti], 215 


Robert, 57, 234 




Marie [Crommelin], 215 


Sarah H., 67 




Marie [Des Armeaux], 215 


William, 57 




Marie [de Semeries or de Semery], 214 


Collier, Edward, 175 




215 


Collins, Mary [Latimer], 159, 160 




Marie [Mettayer], 216 


Conklin, Anna Elizabeth [Richardson], 233 


Marie Madelaine [Testart], 199 


Henry, 230, 231, 235 




Martin, 214, 215 


Mary [Richardson], 230, 231, 235 


Pierre, 214, 215 


M. W. 0., 233 




Pierre Etienne, 215 


Conroy, Edward, 168 




Rachel [Testart], 192, 193, 215 


Coppock, Aaron, 222 




Rachel [Tacquelet], 215 


Miriam [Short, Thompson, White], 222 


Samuel, 215 


Cornwallis, Lord, 106, 107 




Samuel Louis, 218 


Corrigan, Archbishop, 94 




Susanna [Doublet], 215 



345 



9!nDer 



Crommelin, Walter, 213 




Decker, Philip, 113 


William, 215, 216, 218 




de Counick, Catharine [Crommelin], 215 


— [Butler], 218 




Catherine [Cain], 215 


[de Lavalade], 218 




Francis, 215 


[Lamert], 215 




de Foix, Count, 190, 191 


Crommelinck, Armand, 213, 214 




Deigendisch, — , 48, 64 


Josse, 213 




Deininger, Luther T., 56 


Pierre, 213, 214 




De la Chenays, Marianne [Lienrard], 201 


Susanne [de Wale], 213, 214 




Ragenneau, 20i 


Cromwell, Mary Small, 95 




de la Guise, Jacques, 200 


Sarah Bartow Small [Franklin] 


92. 95 


de la Mejanelle, Jeanne, 203 


Walter Franklin, 95 




Judith [Bent—et], 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 


William Kennedy, 95 




199. 215 


Cruikshank, Alfred B., 168 




Judith [Lienrard], 193 


Curry, Neil, 185 




Leon, 193 


Curtin, Mr., 29 




Madame, 201 


Cuthbert, Ann [Wilkinson], 153, 15 


6 


Marianna, 204 


Anna [Latimer], 150, 153, 155 




Susanne, 204 


Anna Jane, 157 




Delaroque, M., 204 


Anthony W., 157 




de Lavalade, Mile. [Cro}>uiielin], 218 


Elizabeth, 157 




Deleau, Jean, 214 


Frances [Lopariter], 157 




Robert, 214 


George Henry, 157 




de Maucroix, Marie [Tacquelet], 215 


James, 157 




Demons, Catharine Elizabeth [de Vielle- 


John, 157 




brun], 200 


Sarah, 157 




Jacques, 200 


Sarah [Latimer], 143, 145, 146, 


149. 150, 


Demuth, John, 25, 26 


156-157 




Dennis, Mary [Embree], 231 


Thomas, 147, 148, 150, 153, 156, 


157 


Dennith, John, 114 
Denues, William, 56 


Dabour, , 64, 73. 93 




Derickson, William, 144 


Dangerfield, Elizabeth, 73 




Cornelius, 145 


Danner, Abraham, 19 




David, 14s 


Martin, 25 




Peter, 144, 145 


William, 55, 130 




Zachariah, 145 


Dargan, Pally, 139 




de Semeries or de Semery, Marie [Crom- 


Darsellon or Dartillon, Antoine 


Benezet, 


melin], 214. 215 


201 




de Semery, Jacques, 214 


Darsen, M., 200 




Marie [Crommelin]. See Marie de 


Dartillon. See Darsellon 




Semeries 


Dausel, Nicholas, 200 




Des Armeaux, Marie [Crommelin], 215 


David, John, 181 




Desdeuxvilles, Adrian, 215 


Susan [Latimer], 150, 157 




Katherine [Crommelin], 215 


Susanna [Bartow], 180, 181 




Desfourneaux, Alexandre, 208 


Davies, Dinah [Harlan], 221 




De Tacher, M., 206, 208 


Robert, 221 




Detter, Matthias, 117 


Davis, J. R., s6 




de Valmand, Marguerite, 200 


Day, John, 8, 9 




de Viellebrun, Catharine Elizabeth [De- 


Deal, William, 140 




mons], 200 


de Bermeres, Magdalen [Crommelin], 218 


Devisne, Philip, 206 


De Brissac, , 200 




de Wale, Joost, 213 


M., 209 




Susanne [Crommelinck], 213, 214 


Madelaine Marguerite [Benezet], 192, 


Dewing, Hiram Edwin, 95 


200, 205 




Susan Latimer [Franklin], 95 



346 



SlnUeic 



Dickey, Dicky. See Dickie 




Dinkel, Sarah [Eichelberger], 133, 137 


Dickie, John, 139, 140, 141 




Dixon, Dinah [Harlan], 220, 221 


Diehl, Amanda, 43 




Henry, 220 


George, 15 




Doll, Jacob, 30, 114 


Jacob, 12, IS 




John, 31 


Nicholas, 23 




Donnelly, James A., 168, 169 


Peter, 131 




Doublet, Susanna [Crotnmelin], 215 


Susanna [Spongier], 131 




Doudel, Michael, 26 


Dihl, Peter, 114 




Catherine [Dinkel], 133 


Dinckel, Diinckel, Diinckle, Diincklerin, 


Jacob, 133 


Diinkel. See Dinkel 




Drassen, M., 201 


Dinkel, Anna Catherine, 133 




Drawry, Anthony, 43 


Anna Margaret [Ruhl], 129, 131 




Drinker, Anna [Bartow], 180, 181 


Anna Maria Ursula [Albright], 102, 


121, 


John, 199 


124, 129, 131 




Joseph, 181 


Anna Maria Ursula, Maria Ursula 


■ or 


Drummond, Gowen, 175, 176 


Mary Ursula [ ], 102, 124, 125, 


126, 


Ducrocq, M., 204 


129, 130 




DuFay, James, 215 


Anna Mary [Albright]. See Anna 


Jeanne [Crommelin, Ammonet], 215 


Maria 




Dui¥, Colonel, 156 


Anna Mary [Spongier], 133 




Thomas, 142, 145, 146 


Catherine [Boring], 132 




Dumonstre, Jacques Pierre, 205 


Catherine [Doudle], 133 




Dunkell, Johannes, 124 


Catherine [Schrot], 133 




Dunlap, Samuel, 179 


Catherine [ ], 121 




William, 178, 179 


Daniel. See Johann Daniel 




Dunn, Daniel D., 26 


Daniel, 125, 132, 133 




Durr, John F., 56 


Dorothea. See Maria Dorothea 






Eliza [Wolf], 129, 132, 133 




Eastburn, Robert, 194 


Elizabeth [Eichelberger], 133 




Eberle, John, 234 


Enos, 133 




Eberlein, Adam, 233 


Gertrude [Engle Moore], 131 




Frederick, 233 


Hannah, 133 




Mary [Litzenberger, Richardson], 231, 


Hannah [ ], 133 




233. 234. 23s 


Henry, 133 




Ebert, H. A., 56 


Johann Daniel, 102, 124-129, 130, 


131, 


Martin, 56, 117, 122 


133 




Mary [Schmahl], 15, 38 


Johan Peter, 129 




Philip, 117 


John Peter, 133 




Eby, John, 9 


Margaret [Batimgardner], 132 




Edie, John, 114, 116, 118 


Margaretha or Margaret Salome 


Edwards, Hannah [Harlan], 221 


[Spengler], 125, 129-131, 132 




James, 175 


Maria Barin, 133 




Ehrman, Captain, 132, 134 


Maria or Mary Catherine [Candler], 


Eichelberger, Ann Maria [McCardell], 136 


124, 126, 129, 133 




137 


Maria or Mary Dorothea [Spengler], 


Captain, 18 


126, 129, 134-135 




Elizabeth [Dinkel], 133 


Maria Elizabeth, 133 




Frederick, 115, 120 


Maria or Mary Ursula. See Anna Maria 


Captain George, 134 


Ursula 




J- 119 


Peter, 114, 117, 121, 125, 129, 130, 


132- 


Jacob, 26, 133 


133. 137 




John, 133, 137 


Rebecca, 133 




Philip, s6 


Rebecca [ ], 133 




Sarah [Dinkel], 133, 137 



347 



!lnDci: 



Eisenhart, Clarence E., 235 




Fisher, Helen Dorothea [Spangler], 135 


Jolin George, 235 




Fissel, Killyan, 6 


Mary Emma [Ricliardson] 


235 


Fitzharding. Robert, 179 


Meta [Folke], 235 




Flanders, Count of, 213 


William H., 56 




Fleetwood, Ann [Small], 16, 17 


Elliot, Isaac, 51 




Sarah, 17 


William D., 55 




Fleming, John, 149 


Ely, Elizabeth [Parry], 232 




Flinchbaugh, Fred., 47 


Embre. See Embree 




Folke, Meta [Eisenhart], 235 


Embree, Ave [Maris], 231 




Fonnereau, Claude, 199 


Elizabeth [WilliamsJ, 231 




Frangoise Elizabeth [Bt-ne:el], 192, 199, 


Grace [■ ], 231 




200, 209 


Hannah [ ], 231 




Forney, Adam, 100 


Hannah [Richardson], 224- 


-225, 226, 231 


Forry, Abram, 55 


Isaac, 231 




Jacob, 117 


Israel, 231 




S. H., 56 


James, 231 




Forster, William, 177 


Jesse, 231 




Forsyth, John, 107 


John, 231 




Fose, Francis Henry, 108 


Joseph, 231 




Fox, John, 115 


Lydia [Mitkr], 231 




Franklin, Anne Weiser, 95 


Mary [Dennis], 231 




ex-Attorney-General, 93 


Mary Ann [ ], 231 




George Small. 78, 81, 95 


Phebe [ ], 231 




John Merryman, 95 


Phebe [Patton'i, 231 




Laura Fendall [Merryman], 95 


Rebecca [Clendennin], 231 




Lillian Mary [Grace], 94, 95 


Samuel, 224, 226, 231 




Mary Campbel [Small'], 52, 53, 63, 66, 


Emerson, D. H., 67 




78, 79, 81, 86, 92, 93, 94-95 


Lucy [ ], 67 




Mary Grace, 95 


Emmit, David, 56 




Mary Grant, 95 


Endt, Theobald, 195 




Philip Albright Small, 78, 81, 92, 95 


Engle, Ann [Whitmer], 210 




Sarah Latimer [Small'], 81, 92, 93 


John, 210 




Sarah Bartow Small [Cromzvetl], 92, 


Mary [Benczet], 208, 210 




95 


Engle Moore, Gertrude [Dinke 


], 131 


Susan Latimer [Dczviiig], 95 


John, 131 




General W. B., 77 


Peter, 131 




Walter Mayer, 81, 93 


Englemore and Englemoore. 


See Engle 


Walter Simonds, 48, 52, 53, 63, 66, 81, 


Moore 




86, 92, 93. 94. 95 


English, Clara B. [Richardson] 


. 232 


William Buell, 92, 94, 95 


Ernst, John, 19 




Frassen. See Drassen 


Etter, Elizabeth [Sclimalil], 15, 


36, 37 


Free, J. W., 56 


Evans, Edward, 194 




Freeman, Margaret C. [ ], 67 


Joseph, 145 




Frey, Alex. J., 55 


Theophilus, 145 




Anna Maria, 16 

Anna Maria Magdalena [Schmahl], 8, 


Fackkr, Jacob, 126, 129 




9, 10, 16 


Fahs, David, 64 




Elizabeth, 16 


John, 55 




Godfrey, 13 


Farquhar, Rev. Mr., 157 




Margaret, 16 


Ferris, James, 175 




Martin, 10, 15, 16, 31 


Fernandes, Don Jose Ramon, 


63, 164, 165 


Frick, Ren. F., 56 


Fisher, Caroline, 43 




J. J.. 56 


Charles Frederick, 135 




John T., s6 



348 



UnlJCjc 



Fry, Conrad, 9, 11 
Frysingcr, William, 55 

Galampoix, Theodore, 201 
Galway, Lord, 217, 218 
Gamble, George Small, 80 
Gardner, Abigail. See Apolonia 

Apolonia or Abigail [ ], 2$3, 234 

David, 234 

Elizabeth [ ], \v. of David, 234; w. 

of Valentine, 234 

Hannah [Litzcnbcrgcr, Livcrgood], 233, 

234 

John, 234 

Joseph, 234 

Jost, 233 

Kate, 66 

Margaret [ ], 234 

Mary, 66 

Mary [ ], 66 

Philip, 234 

Salome [ , Smith], 233, 234 

Sarah [Sj^angley], 135 

Sarah [Sloncyode], 234 

Valentine, Sr., 233, 234 

Valentine, Jr., 233, 234 
Garretson, Henry, 144, 146 

John, 145, 147 
Gartman, A., 55 

Abraham, 25 
Cause, Clarkson, 232 

Hannah [Richardson], 232 

Richard P., 232 

Ruth [Richardson], 232 
Geddes, George, 156 

Captain Henry, 142, 148, 149, 150, 155- 
156, 172 

James, 156 

Jane [Stevenson], 172 

Jannet [ — — ], 142, 172 

Margaret [Ha}nilton], 172 

Margaret [Latimer], 145, 146, 149, 150, 
155-156 

Sarah [Latimer], 141, 142, 143, 144, 148- 
150, 154, 172 

Sarah [Banning], 156 

Sophia, 156 

Thomas, 172 

William, 156, 172 
Geistweit, Rev. George, 68 
Gensler, S. B., 63, 64, 80 
George, Fanny E. [Latimer], 159, 169, 170 
Gibbons, Cardinal, 95 
Gibson, Judge, 53 



Giffin, Robt., 140 
Gilmor, Robert (Judge), 77 
Gilmore, State Treasurer, 69 
Glatfelter, T. S., 80 
Goering, Rev. Jacob, 117 

Rev. Mrs., 42 
Goldsboro, John, 70 
Gordon, Jannet [ ], 189 

Margaret [Bird], 142 

Thomas, 189 
Gortman, Isaac, 19 
Goser, Philip, 117 
Gossler, Philip, 114 
Gotwalt, Eliza [ ], 72 

Rev. L. A., 41, 42 
Gould, Thomas, 114 
Gourley, Moses, 80, 81 
Grace, John W., 94 

Lillian Mary [Franklin], 94, 95 
GrafT, Caspar, 210 

Catharine [Beneset], 20S, 210 
Graham, H. H., 139 

James, 189 
Grant, General U. S., 75 
Gray, Singleton, 47 
Graybill, Jacob, 117 
Green, Mary [Jones, Richardson], 219, 220 

Thomas, 220 
Grier, David, 115, 120 

John, 28 
Griffith, W. H., ss 
GrofHins, Abraham, 122 
Grove, Jacob, 18 

Mary [SchmahP], 18 
Grovvdon, Ann [Jones, Bulklcy], 205 

Joseph. 205 
Gruber, John Adam, 197 

Hadden, Thomas, 175, 177 
Haga, Godfrey, 180 
Hahn, Captain, 121 

John, 109 
Hall, Chas. 118 

Dr. James, 11.S, 120 
Haller, Dr. T. N., 85 
Halloway, John, 118 
Halset, Colonel John, 103 
Hambly, Attorney, 158 
Hamilton, Catherine A. [Spongier], 135 

Hans, 9 

James, 120 

John, 172, 189 

Margaret [Geddes], 172 
Hammel, John M., 56 



349 



I'ttDcr 



Hanbucker, Maria [Benczei], 210 
Hancock, General, 75 
Hanna, Caroline [Small*], 17 

Charles F., 17 

William, 17 
Hannah, James, 229 
Harkless, Elizabeth or Eliza [Ricliardson], 

230, 231, 232, 233 
Harlan, Caleb, 221 

Dinah [Daz'tcs], 221 

Dinah [Dixon], 220, 221 

Dinah [Richardson]. 220, 221, 223, 226 

George, 220, 221, 222 

Hannah [Edwards], 221 

Hannah [Martin], 221 

Hannah [Wickersham], 220, 221, 223 

James, 220 

Joel, 220, 221, 223 

John, 221 

Joshua. 221 

Lydia [Smedley], 221 

Mary [Jackson], 221 

Mary [Baily, Sft'tcart], 221, 222 

Michael, 220, 221 

Rebeckah [IVkitc], 221 

Ruth [Pyle], 221 

Sarah [Wickersham], 221 

Susanna [Harlan], 221 
Harnish, John, 11 
Harris, David, 159, 160, 161 

Elizabeth Bartow [Latimer], 159, 160- 
161, 170 

Henry Latimer, 161 

John, 160 

Louisa David, 161 

Philip Small, 161 

Sarah, 161 

William, 114 
Harrison, Ann [ ], 209 

Joseph, 209 

Rebecca [B!ack-vc!l]. 209 
Harry, Elizabeth [Wickersham], 223 

Hugh, 223 

Olive [Baily], 222 
Hartley, Thomas, 30, 114, 118 
Harwig, William, 31 
Hasell, Ann [Bcnczet], 196, 199, 205 

Ann [Bulkley], 205 

Samuel, 205 
Hause, James H., 51 
Hay, George, 55, 117 

Jacob, 117 

Dr. Jacob, 1.14 

John, 28, 107 



Hay, Major, 103 

Susannah [Sfangler], 135 

William. 42, 43 

Willm., 184 
Hayes, Judge, 158 

Rachel [Wickersham], 223 
Hayter, Sir George, 47, 161 
Hazard, Samuel, 194 
Heack, Jacob, loi 
Heckendorn, Christian, 120 
Heckcrt, D., 15 

Geo. A., 56 

Mary D. [Slangier], 135 
Heilendom, Christian, 114 
Henderson, C. 56 

J.. 117, 120 

Jonath, 113 

Lawyer, 116 
Hendricks, Paul, 195 
Herback, Elizabeth [Spangler, Miller], 131 

George. 6 

John, 131 

Yost, 117 
Herbaugh, Yost, 11 
Herman, Susan [Albright], 121 
Hermsdorf. Maria Ursula. See Maria Ur- 
sula Dinkel 
Hersh, G. Edw., 80 
Heustis. David, 175 

John, 175 
Herzzner, John, II 
Hildebrand, Christian. 26 
Hill, Major N. S., 77 
Hilner, George, Jr., 99 
Hoard, Charles A., 163, 164, 165, 167 
Hoche, Anna Elizabeth [ ], 2 

Johannes. 2 
Hoffman, Michael, 56 

Robert G., 77 

Sophia [Latimer], 153 
Hogg, Alice [H'ickcrsham], 222, 223 
Hoke, Peter, 19 
Holland, Rev. Dr. W. J.. 196 
Holsaert, Benjamin, 188 
Holtsbaen, Conrad, 9 
Holtzbaum, Conrad, II 
Hooke or Hooks, George, 8. 9 
Hoopes, Sidney [Killoiigh], 229 
Horsfield, Daniel, 211 

Elizabeth [Benezet], 193, 196, 207, 208, 
210-21 I 

Elizabeth [JVotle], 210 

Joseph, 196, 208, 210 

Maria [Kummcr], 211 



350 



1!nt)citr 



Horsfield, Sarah, 210 


Johnston, Dr. Samuel, 77 


Timothy, 210 


Jones, Ann [Bulkley, Growdon], 205 


Hougendobler, Nicholas, 230 


Esther, 220 


Houser, Alice, 235 


Francis, 219, 220 


Emma Augusta [Billmeycr'i, 235 


Hannah [ ], 220 


Hannah Gardner [Richardson], 235 


Henry, 220 


John H., 235 


Jonas, 220 


Howell, John, 194 


Joseph, 220 


Huet, M., 200, 201 


Mary [Richardson, Green], 219, 220 


Hunter, David, 11 


Samuel, 220 


Huntingdon, Countess of, 199 


William, 116 


Hutcheson, Archdeacon, 218 


Jordan, John, 181 


Madeline [Crommelin], 218 


John W., 195 


Hutchinson, Rev. Charles J., 82, 93 


Jordy, Lewis, 51 


J. M., 77 






Kable, George, 56 


Ilgenfritz, George, 37 


Kachlein, Lieutenant-Colonel Peter, 103 


Lucinda [ , Schmah!]. 15, 37, 38 


Kauffman, Wm. M., 56 


Imble, Leonard, 8 


Kearney, Thomas, 189 


Imschwiller, Anna Mary [Spangler], 131 


Keefer, Stephen, 55 


Henry, 131 


Keith, George, 182, 183 


Ingram, Isaac, 222 


Kelly, James, 109 


Ingram, Miriam [Short], 222 


Kendrick, Catherine [Spengler], 131 




Kenedy, Jam". See Kennedy. 


Jackson, Andrew (President), 69, 170 


Kennedy, James, 139, 140, 141 


Ann [Johnson], 223 


Kepner, J. B., 56 


Anna R., 79 


Keppele, Elizabeth C. [Latimer], 155 


Clarence T., 80 


Henry, 99, loi 


John, 221 


Kerr, Charles G., 77 


Mary Grant [Smain, 53, 73. 74, 77, 81 


Kidd, Captain John, 207 


Mary [Harlan], 221 


Killgore, Charles, 229 


Samuel, 223 


Killinbeck, Humphry, 222 


Colonel William A., 73, 74 


Killough, Allen, 228 


Jacobs, H. H., 63 


Ann, 228 


Jonathan, 114, 117 


Betsey [Campbell], 229 


Jamison, Daniel, 13 


Chearety, 229 


Colonel David, 106 


David, 227-228 ; 228-229 


Jarvis, John, 205 


Ebenezer, 228-229 


Jeffers, Rev. E. T., D.D., 83 


Elizabeth [Carter], 229 


Jenkins, Michael, 77 


Ezeckell, 229 


Jessop, Jonathan, 26 


Henrietta [Miller], 229 


Johnson, Abigail [Wickcrsham, Baily, 


James, 229 


Cloud], 121, 222, 223 


Jane or Jean, 229 


Ann [Jackson], 223 


John, 229 


Benjamin, 223 


Margaret [ ], 227 


Caleb, 223 


Margaret [Porter], 229 


Catherine [Wickersham], 223 


Margaret [Stinson], 228, 229 


James, 223 


Mary [Richardson], 226, 227, 229, 230, 


Joshua, 223 


231 


Margaret [Bcrtlnvaitc], 223 


Mary [ ], 227, 228, 229 


Reverdy, 77, 81 


Mary Ann, 228 


Robert, 223 


Nancy [McConkey], 229 


Johnston, Andrew, 106, 107 


Robert, 229 


John, Jr., 188 


Samuel, 227, 228, 229 



3SI 



HitDcr 



Killough, Sidney [Hoopes], 229 


Landes, David, Jr., 235 






Thomas, 227, 228, 229 


Samuel, 29 






[Patton], 229 


Landis, Christian, 23 






Kindig, Eli, 56 


Lanius, Christian, 25 






King, E. A., 55 


Henry, 56 






Elizabeth [Staitgkr], 135 


Jacob, II 






Henry, 34. 116 


Williatii H., 56 






Jacob, 56 


Langhorne, Jeremiah, 195 






Mr., 205 


Laorsneybe, Jacob, 104 






Kirk, Timothy, 115 


Largelliere, Nicholas, 196 






Klein, Johannes, 2 


Latimer, Ann [Richardson], 150, 153 




Kline, John, 6 


Anna [Cuthbert], 150, 153, 155 






Klinedinst, Kompeter, 77 


Arthur, 138-141, 151, 170 






Klinefelter, Chas. A., 56 


Bartow, 160 






Keller, Isaac, 169 


Benjamin Collins, 160 






Kolter, Christopher, 170 


Elizabeth, 149, 150, 153 






Korbman, Henry, 114, 120 


Elizabeth Bartow [Harris], 


59, 


160- 


Kraber, Daniel, 40, 43 


161, 170 






John, 56 


Elizabeth Bartow, 160 






Kramer or Crenier, Andrew, 107 


Elizabeth C. [Keppele], 155 






Anna Maria Barbara [Sclimahl], 2, 96 


Fanny E. [George], 159, 169, 


70 




Anna Maria [Schwartz], 2, 96 


George, 139, 141, 150-151 






Hans Adam. See Joliann Adam 


George, 47, 102, 144, 145, 146, 


147. 


148, 


Jacob, 114 


149. 150, 151-153 






Johann (Hans) Adam, 2, 96 


George, 159, 161-169 






Johannes, 2 


George Schley, 160 






Magdalena, 2 


Hannah M., 160 






Krog, Valentine, 7 


Henry, M.D., 144, 145, 146, 147, 


148, 


150, 


Krone, Elizabeth [Sclniuihl], 15, 36, 37 


153-155 






Kuehn, Jacob L., 50 


Henry, 46, 55, 155, 159, 169-170 




John L., 56 


Hugh (Bishop of Worcester) 


46, 


161, 


Kuhn, Barbara, 132 


170, and Appendix 






Peter, 132 


Ja., 151 






Kummer, John Jacob, 211 


James, 139, 141, 142-148. 150, 


153, 


154. 


Maria [Horsfield], 211 


155. 172 






Kuntz, Peter, 102 


James Bartow, 159-160, 162 






Kurtz. Amelia, 122 


James W., 53, 56, 80, 82, 93, 


157. 


160, 


Catherine, 122 


179. 192, 196 






Charles, 122 


James William, 160 






Elizabeth, 122 


Jane, 159 






George Peter, 122. See Peter 


Jane C, 160 






Helena Catherine [Albright], 109, 121, 122 


Jane Cathcart, 160 






Rev. Johann Heinrich, 2 


Jean, 145, 146, 149, 150 






Julianna, 122 


John R., 153, 154, 155 






Maria, 122 


Margaret [Gcddcs], 145. 146, 


149. 


150, 


Maria Ursula, 122 


155-156 






Peter or George Peter, 109, 117, 120, 


Margaret, 153 






121, 122 


Margaret Cathcart, 160 






Samuel, 115, 120, 122 


Margaret [Cathcart], 150, 152, 


153 




Theresa, 122 


Maria [Lodge], 151 






William Henry, 122 


Mary, 143, 150, 170 
Mary [Collins], 159, 160 






La Fayette, General, 152 


Mary H., 160 






Lamert [Crommclin], 215 


Mary R., 155 







352 



UnDcj: 



Latimer, Rebecca [Whiteside], 138 
Robert, 139, 140, 141, 142, 153 
Robert Cathcart, 160 
Sarah IMcCaliiwiit], 141, 151 
Sarah ICuthbcrt], 143, 145, 146, 149, 

ISC 156-157 
Sarah, 153 
Sarah [Bartow], 43, 82, 150, 159, 163, 

180, 181 
Sarah [Geddes], 141, 142, 143, 144, 148- 

150, 154. 172 
Sarah A. [Bailey], 155 
Sarah Bartow [Small], 36, 43, 46, 48, 

52, 53, 74, 82, 92, 159, 161, 162 
Sarah Geddes [Cathcart], 159, 160 
Sarah R., 149, 150, 155 
Sophia [Hoffman], 153 
Susan [Bird], 141, 142 
Susan [David], 150, 157 
Susanna [Cathcaii], 145, 146, 150, 157- 

159 
Thomas, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 

IS7 

Thomas Bartow, 159 

Thomas Sargent, 160 

Wilhelmina Bartow, 160 

VVilham, 46 

Wilham E., 163, 164, 165, 167 

Wilham Geddes, 43, 46, 82, 145, 146, 147, 
150, 159, 160, 163, 169, 181 

Wilham H., 160 

[Potter], 141 

Lattimore, Arthur, 150, 151 

James, 151 

John, 151 

Mary, 151 

Robert, 150, 151 

William, 151 
Lettemur, Lettermur, Lettimur. See Lati- 
mer 
Laub, Conrad, 28, 114 
Laucks, Augustus, 56 

George, 26 

John, 19 

Peter, 56 
Lauman, Christopher, 107 

E. C, S6 
Lawrence, Wm., 188 

Willm., Jr., 188 
Leatherman, Conrad, 109, 117, 121 

Helena Christina [Albright], 109, 121 

Margaret [Spangler], 109, 121 
Leber, Geo. H., 51 
Leffler or Lefier, George Lewis, 116, 135 

23 






Lehman, Abraham, 116 - 

Christian, 114 
Leigher, John, 100 
Leisering, Georgianna, 43 
Leitner, George, 117 

Ignatius, 14, 116, 118, 119 

Nathan, 114 

Nathaniel, 28 
Lenhart, Godfrey, 109, 116, 117 
Lentz, Henry, 78 
Le Riche, Jean, 201 

Lesene or Letuve, Anne, 201 . 

Letuve. See Lesene ( 

Levy, Daniel, 118 \ 

Lewis, C. E., 55 \ 

Eli, 45 
Lienrard, Judith [dc la Mcjanellc], 193 
Lienrard, Marianne [De la Chenays], 201 
Lincoln, President Abraham, 75 
Lintweiler, J. C, 56 

Lischey, Mary Ann. See Marianne Lischy 
Lischy, Anna Maria, 204 

Jacob, 199, 204 

Marianne [Benezet], 192, 197, 198, 199, 
204 
Litzenberger, Adam, 22i, 234 

Frances [Livcrgood, Smith. Smith], 233 

George, 233 

Grace [Coats], 233 

Hannah [Gardner, Livergood], 233, 

234 

Hannah [Weidman], 2^,2 

Mary [Eberlein, Richardson], 231, 2^3, 
234. 235 
Livergood, Frances [Litzenberger, Smith, 
Smith], 2ii 

Hannah [Gardner, Litzenberger], 233 

Jacob, 233 

Peter, 233 
Livingstone, Brigade-Major W. S., 103 
Lochlins, Conrad, 96 

Eva Maria, 96 
Lochman, Rev. Dr. A. H., 85 
Lodge, Maria [Latimer], 151 
Lombard, Marie [Crommelin], 

Peter, 215 
Long, Captain George, 132 
Longcope, George S., jy, 81 
Lopariter, Frances [Cuthbert] 
Loucks, Henry, 56 
Lukens, Captain Charles, 132 
Lukin, John, 195 

Lutz, Lieutenant-Colonel Nicholas, 103 
Lyell, David, 189 



\V 



215 



157 



353 



UnDcjc 



McCali, Ann [IVitling], 209 

H. W., 55 ./ 
McCallmont, David, 144 

John, 14s 
McCalmont. Arthur, 151 

David, 151 

EHnora, 151 

George, 151 

James, 151 

John, 139, 141, 151 

Margaret, 151 

Mary, 151 

Sarah, 151 

Sarah [Latimer], 141, 151 

Susannah, 151 

William, 151 
McCamond. John. See McCalmont 
McCardell, Ann Maria [Eichelberger], 136, 
137 

George W., 136 
McCIellan, Captain William, 133 

W. W., 80 
McConkcy, Nancy [Kitlousl'], 229 
McCully, James, 229 
McDonald, Allen. 168 

Captain John, 133 
McFall, Neald, 229 
Mcllvain, Dr., 68 
McKinlcy, James, 143 
McKinney, Mord., 147, 148 
McLaughlin, James, 102 
McMillan. Smith B., 134 
Mabon, Richard, 147, 148, 149, 150 
Magaw, Rev. Dr., 211 
Maillard, M., 192, 199 
Maish, George H., 55 

Levi, 72 
Majanelle. Judith. See De la Mejanelle 
Mangin, Madeline [Crommelin], 218 

Paul, 218 
Maris, Ave [Embree], 231 
Marriott, Isaac, 201 

Joyce [Benezet], 199, 201, 202, 203 

Joyce [0/iVc], 201 

Mary [ ], 201 

Samuel, 201 
Marsh, Colonel Joseph, 211 

Sarah [Baily], 222 
Marshall. Captain, 105 

Margaret. [ ], 148 

Thomas, 148 
Martin, Hannah [Harlan], 221 

John, 118 

Joseph, 221 



Mash, John, 174 

Rosamond [ ], 174 

Mason, Attorney, 158 

Otis T., 161 
Matthews, Lemuel, 219 
Maul, Bartho., 5. 6. 7, 126 
May, John, 114, 117 
Mayer, Attorney, 158 

Charles F., 77 

John, 26 

J. L., 45 

Margaret (Peggy) [Bencset], 208, 210 
Megear, Michael, 150 
Menges, J. H., 55 
Mendenhall, Aaron, 227 

Lydia [Richardson], 227 
Mercer, General, 103 
Meredith, Gilmor, 77 

Merryman, Laura Fendall [Franklin], 95 
Mettayer, Jean, 216 

Marie [Crommelin], 216 
Meyers, C. F., 169 
Miche, Madelaine, 201 
Miles, Colonel, 132 

Colonel Samuel, 102, 103 
Miller, Abraham, 114 

Andr., 140 

Elizabeth, 219 

Elizabeth [Spangler, Hcrback], 131 

Henrietta [Killough], 229 

Henry, 109, 114, 117, 118, 182 

Colonel Henry, 122 

L C, 229 

James, 176, 177 

John, 119 

Johann Adam, 16 

Lewis, 31 

Lorentz Uber, 16 

Lydia [Embree], 231 

Magdalena [ ], 16 

Margaret [Rcid], 182, 183 

Robert, 131, 231 

Wm. H., 80 
Mire, Anne, 205 
Mittelberger, Gotlieb, 4 
Mohr or Englemore. See Engle Moore 
Montgomery, Dr., 142 

Mary [Bird], 142 
Mootrey, Edward. 139, 141 
Mootz, Charles, 113, 114, r20 
Morgan, Captain William, 2},i 
Morrfeld, Hans, i 

Morris, Cassandra [Small"], 33, 34. 36, i9- 
40, 61 



354 



UllDCjC 



Morris, Charles A., 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 


36, 39. 


Pamphillon, Amelia [Small], 17 


40. 41, 4^, 44. 55, 58 




William, 17 


George S., 34, 35, 54, 58 




Parry, David, 226, 232 


Dr. John, 115, 120 




Elizabeth, 232 


John G., 41, 42, 43 




Elizabeth [Ely], 232 


Mountgomery, Mary. See Montgomery 


John, 232 


Mullinexe, Horseman, 175 




Joseph, 232 


Murray, George William, 233 




Lydia [Richardson], 224, 225, 22G, 232 


Sarah Frances [Richardson], 223 




Rachel [ ], 232 


Muttry, Edward. See Mootrey 




Ruthanna [Anwss], 232 


Myers, Christopher F., 46, 55 




Samuel, 232 


H. S., 82 




Sarah, 232 


John, 56 




Patterson, Colonel, 152 


Samuel, 12 




E. and J., 44. 48, S8 


Solomon, 56 




Patton, John, 113, 119 
Joseph, 113 


Neaff, Henry, 14 




Phebe [Embree], 231 


Neff, George W., 56 




William, 231 


Henry, 114, 118 




[Kitlough], 229 


Neglee, John, 195 




Peale, Charles W., 153, 179 


Katharine, 195 




Charlotte, 153 


Nelson, Governor, 106 




Pegg, Joseph, lio 


Captain Samuel, 132 




Pell, Bathsheba [Bartow], 177, 178 


Neper, Andrew. 151 




Margaret [Bartow], 178 


Nes, Elizabeth [Spangler], 135 




Penn, John, 28, 29 


William, 135 




Richard, 28, 29 


Ness, Henry, 69 




Pennington, Ephraim, 119 


Neuman, H. L., 56 




Peter, George, 181 


Newbold, Sarah [Richardson], 226, 232 


Henry, 11 



Newcomer, B. F., 77 
Niles, Mrs. H. E., 92 

Rev. H. E., 8s, 93, 94 
Noble, Thomas, 194 
North, Elizabeth [Benezet], 179, 199, 207, 208 

Joshua, 207 

Sarah [White], 207 

Obb or Upp, Jacob, 107, 1 15, 117 
Olive, Joyce [Marriott], 201 
Oliver, Rev. Charles A., 82, 83, 86 
Ormand, Duke of, 217 
Oswald, Jno. B., 56 

Jonathan, 43 
Otterbein, Mrs., 25 

Rev. Philip, 15, 20, 25, 36 
Otto, Dr. John Frederick, 199, 201 

Marie Madeline Judith [Benezet, 
Bruce], 197, 198, 199, 201, 206, 208 

Judith. See Marie Madeline Tudith 
Owen, Lydia [Gardner], 66 

Thomas, 56 

Pagg, Nathan, 116 
Palmer, A. S., 69 



Mary [Bartoiv], 180, 
Philby, John, 115, 120 
Philip, Johann, 7 
Philips, Robert, 142 
Pickel, John, 31 
Pigou, Frederick, 204 

Jean, 215 • 

Marie [Crommelin], 215 
Pilmore, Rev, Joseph. D.D., 208, 211 

Mary [Benezet, IVood], 208, 209, 211 
Piper, Colonel, 103 
Pleasants, J. Hall, 77 
Pope, John, 9 
Porter, Margaret [Killough], 229 

Mrs. William G., 196 
Potter, [Cathcart], 151 

[Latimer], 141 

General James, 150, 151 

Thomas, 178 
Powell, Rev. A. Chilton, 76, 89, 94 
Pratt, Enoch, 77 
Prelleur, M., 208, 209 
Preston, J. Alexander, 77, 80 
Prevost, Frederick, 177 

Theodosia [Bartow, Burr], 177, 178 



355 



UnDcjc 



Price, William, 194 


Reisinger, Peter, 10, 17 


Pryor, Norton, 181 


Reynolds, Hannah [H'cbstcr], 232 


Punderson, Clarinda [Bartow], 177 


Ribot, Madame, 205 


Puscy. Lydia [Baily], 222 


Pierre, 204 


Pyle, Job, 221 


Richardson, Amelia, 235 


Ruth [Harlan], 221 


Ann [Latimer], 150, 153 


Pyrlaeiis, Benigna Charity, 204 


Ann [Carter], 226, 232 


John Christopher, 199, 204 


Anna, 231 


Mary, 204 


Anna Elizabeth [Conklin], 233 


Susanne [Benezet], 197, 198, 203, 


Anthony, 219 


204 


Caleb, 224, 226, 232 


Pyrleus, Susanna. See Susanne Pyrlaeus 


Caleb J., 232 




Caroline, 235 


Quinby, Mary [Bartoiv], 177 


Clara B. [English], 232 




David, 231 


Radley, John, 221 


Dinah [Harlan], 220, 221, 223, 226 


William, 221 


Ebenezer, 230, 231, 233-235 


Rady, Bernard. 100 


Eliza, 231 


Ranliz, M., 200 


Elizabeth or Eliza [Harkless], 230, 231, 


Raub, Michael, 117 


232, 233 


Read, James, 194 


Faithful, 227 


John. See Reid 


Frances Ann [Small], 53, 93, 235 


Redman, Captain, 104 


George, 230, 231, 232, 233 


Reeliling, Charles F., 55 


George C, 232 


Reese, Jane [Small], 88 


Hannah, 227, 231 


Reich, Elizabeth [Bartow], 180, 181 


Hannah [Embrcc], 224, 225, 226, 231 


John Christian, 181 


Hannah [Cause], 232 


Reichard. See Reigart 


Hannah Gardner [Houser], 235 


Reid, Andrew, 77 


Henrietta, 235 


Anna [Anderson], 183 


Isaac, 224, 226, 232 


Helena [Bartoiv], 173, 174, 175, 177, 


Joel, 224, 226, 227-231 


183 


John, 220, 226, 227, 231 


Margaret, 182. 183 


John Killough, 235 


Margaret [Miller], 182. 183 


Joseph, 220-226, 227, 231 


Mary [Sands], 183 


Lawrence, 219-220 


John, 173. 175, 176, 177, 182-189 


Lucy [Stark], 232 


Reif, Jacob, 12 


Lydia [Mendenhall], 227 


Reigart, Adam, 123 


Lydia [Parry], 224, 225, 226, 232 


Catherine [ ], 123 


Lydia, 231 


Catherine [Albright], 121, 123 


Lydia [Baker], 220, 227 


Reilly. Kate M. [Small], 53, 86, 88, 89 


Margaret, 231 


Reisinger, [Fritc], 11 


Martha, 231 


[Laumastcr], 11 


Mary, 227, 231 


[Sfangler], 11 


Mary [Webster], 224, 225. 226, 232 


Eva [Schmah!'], 3, 10, n 


Mary [Conklin], 230, 231, 235 


Eva [Uber, ScJimah!], 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 


Mary [Jones, Green], 219, 220 


II, 97 


Mary [Killough], 226, 227. 229, 230, 


Henry, 10 


231 


Jacob, 10 


Mary [Litzenberger, Ebcrtcin], 231, 233, 


John, 10 


234. 235 


Johann (or Hans) Nicholas, 7, 8, 9, 


Mary Emma [Eisenhart], 235 


ID, II, 12, 97 


Nehemiah, 227 


Johann Peter, 10, 11 


Rebecca, 231 


Joseph, 17, 18 


Rebecca [Webster], 226, 231 



356 



9inDc;c 



Richardson, Ruth, 231 




Saltar, Richard, 183 




Ruth [GlJKii-]. 2^2 




Sands, Mary [Reid], 183 




Samuel, 224, 226, 227, 


231 


Sargent, Helena [Bartow], 180, 18 


I 


Sarah, 227 




Thomas Frazer, 181 




Sarah Frances [Murray\, 233 


Saurin, Rev. James, 193 




Sarah [Newbold], 226, 


232 


Schall, James A., 51, 56, 62 




William, 231 




John, 28, 56, 107 




Ridley, Nicholas ( Bishop 


of London), 46, 


Michael, 51 




47, 161 




Schatzberger, William, 63 




Rief, Daniel, 46 




Scheffer, J. H,, 213 




Riehl. See RUhl, 131 




Schenck, Gerret, 188 




William, 131 




Schettley or Shetly, Frederick, 107 




Ringer, Sarah J., 134 




Schieb, Johann George, 2 




Robb, James, 114 




Lorentz, 2 




Robelin, Marie [Caurobciy^ 


, 200 


Schlichting, Christian, 117 




Roberts, Attorney, 115 




Schlosser, George Ernest, 134 




Samuel, 119 




Schmahl. See Small 




Robeson, Wm., 147, 148 




Schmidt, Anna Maria [Small'], 88, 


89, 92 


Robettion, Daniel, 216 




Catherine, 89 




Susan [Testart], 216 




George S., 94 




Robinson, Agnes [Small], 


17 


George Small, 94 




Israel, 145, 147 




George Small, 80, 94 




Jacob, 144 




H. D., 51 




Penrose, 44 




Henry D.,' 89 




William, 145 




Henry D., 89, 94 




Rockafaller, Godfrey, 118 




J. C, 124 




Rockie, Frederick, 114 




John Charles, 80, 8g 




Rodman, Sarah [Benc~et], 


196, 206 


Mary, 89 




Rogers, Annie [Coleman], 


57 


Mary Richardson [Small'], 92 


94 


Archibald, 57 




Mary Richardson, 94 




Roland, William S., 50, 54 




Mrs. John C. (Anna Maria S 


mall'), 88 


Rommel, Frederick, 19 




Samuel Small, 94 




Ross, Captain John, 206 




Schmuck, J., 34 




Roth, Daniel, 119 




Solomon, 28 




Rothwell, Elizabeth, 144 




Schmucker, Rev. Dr., 42 




Rouse, Luke R., 56 




Schnelberger, George, 114 




Rosa [ ], 134 




Schriver, Margaret, 62 




Row, Michael, 114 




Schroeder, Henry B., 55 




Ruby, Peter, 6 




Schrot, Catherine [Dinkel], 133 




Rudisill, Isaac, 56 




Michael, 133 




John, 114 




Schruber, Johann Erich, 2 




Riihl or Riehl, Anna Margaret [Dinkell, 


Rev. Johannes, 2 




129, 131 




Schultz or Shultz, Charles, 123 




Gertrude [ ], 131 




Conrad, 109, 114, 118, 120, 121, 


123 


John William, 131 




Elizabeth [Albright], 109, 121, 


123 


Riinime!, Friederich, 107 




Elizabeth, 123 




Runkle, Dinyis, I 




Harriet, 123 




Michael, i 




Henry, 123 




Rupert, Amos, 56 




Jefiferson, 123 




Rupp, Mary, 92 




Mary, 123 




Ruthrauff, Solomon, 26 




William, 123 




Rutter, Albert, no 




Schusler or Schussler, George, 118, 


119 


Andrew, 115 




Schwartz, Anna Maria [Kramer], 


2, 96 


Ryan, Michael, 47 




Hans, I 





357 



SnDcr 



Schwartz, Killian, ii 




Small and Schmahl : 


Michael, 96 




Achen, 10 


Schweisgood, Catherine [St'angler], 131 


Adam, 2 


Scott, William, 13 




Agnes [Robinson], 17 


Seabury, Rev. Samuel, 211 




Alexander', M.D., 13, 31, 33, 36, 46, 61, 


Sehler, Henry, 119 




68-73 


Seigneuret, Etienne, 215 




Amelia' [Pamphillon], 17 


Frangoise [Crommetin], 215 




Ann [Fleetwood], 16, 17 


Severn, Catherine [Benezel], 205 




Ann Amelia' IStair], 17 


Seward, William, 194 




Ann Maria', 17 


Shearer, Mrs. Elizabeth, 130 




Anna, 125 


N. H., 56 




Anna Catharine [ ], 10, 17, 18 


Sheely, Joseph, 100 




Anna Christina', 2 


Shermeyer, William, 56 




Anna Elizabeth', 2 


Shetly, John, 114 




Anna Maria', 2.S 


Shetrone, George A., 68 




Anna Maria', 47, 52, 53, 63, 7i. 79, 86, 


Shettely, A. N., .56 




92 


Shetter, George J., 56 




Anna Maria' [Schmidt], 88, 89, 92 


George M., 235 




Anna Maria Magdalena' [Frey], 8, 9, 


R. L., SI 




10. 16 


W. R, 56 




Anna Maria or Anna Mary [Albright], 


Shippen, Captain Joseph, loi 




15, 25, 31, 33, 36, 61, 109, 121, 123 


Shive, Lewis, 56 




Anna Maria [Spangler], 15, 37, 38, 135 


Shoe, Henry, 14 




Anna Maria Barbara [Kramer], 2, 96 


Short, Adam, 222 




Anna Mary", 37 


Ann [Baily], 221, 222 




Barbara', 19 


James, 114 




Barbara [ ] (w. of Jacob'), 10, 16, 17 


Miriam [Thompson, IVIiite, 


Coppock'i, 


Barbara [ ] (w. of Lorentz*). 10, 18, 


222 




19 


Miriam [Ingram], 222 




Benjamin', 27 


Shriver, Jacob, 114 




Caroline" [Hanna], 17 


Michael, 114, 117 




Caroline E. [ ], 16 


Shuck, George, 107 




Cassandra' (Joseph'), 27 


Shultz (Schultz), John or Johannes, 8 


Cassandra' [Morris], a, 34, 36, 39-40, 61 


Simond, Pierre, 205, 208 




Cassandra Morris' [Blair], 52, 53, 63, 


Susanne, Madame, 208 




66, 73, 79, 85-86. 92, 93 


Sinn, Anna Maria, 122, 123 




Cassandra Morris Blair', 88, 89 


Christian. See George Christian 


Catharine' (John*) 18 


Christiana, 123 




Catharine' (John'), 25 


George Christian, 109, 115, 11 


7, 118, 120, 


Catharine' (Joseph'), 37 


121, 122, 123, 126 




Catharine Doll', 19 


Jacob, 123 




Catharine Elizabeth [Welsh], 15, 20, 24 


John Morris, 123 




Catherine' (Jacob'), 16, 17 


Margaret or Margaretha 


[Albright], 


Charles", 27 


109, 121, 122-123 




Daniel', 19 


Rebecca, 122, 123 




Daniel", .^8 


Sitleall, William, 228 




David", 38 


Slagle, Helen, 121 




David, 120 


Joseph, 135 




D. E., 51. S6 


Margaret [Spangler], 135 




Elizabeth', 18 


Theophilus, 121 




Elizabeth' (John'), 25 


Slaymaker, H. Y., 36 




Elizabeth" (Joseph'), 37 


R. S., 56 




Elizabeth Latimer', 53 


Samuel R., 56 




Elizabeth Lee*, 89 



358 



9InDc]c 



Small and Schmahl : 






Small and Schmahl : 


Elizabeth [ ], I 






Johannes', 2 


Elizabeth [Etter], 15, 36, 37 






Johannes, 24 


Elizabeth [Krone], 15, 36, 37 






John, 19, 20, 25, 28 


Enos', 25 






John* or Johannes, 8, 9, 10, 12, 17-18 


Eva, 10, 53 






John' or Johannes (Killian'), 14, 15, 24, 


Eva", 2 






25, 61 


Eva' [Reisinger], 3, 10, 11 






John' (Jacob'), 16, 17 


Eva [Uber, Reisinger], 3, 5, 7, 8, 


9, 


10, 


John' (John'), 18 


II, 97 






John' (Lorentz*), 19 


Eva [Welschance], 10, 11, 12, 13, 


15, 


98 


John" (Jacob', Killian'), 24 


Frances Ann [Richardson], 53, 93 


235 


John' (Jacob,' Jacob'), 16, 17 


Frances Madison [Bragg], 89 






John' (Joseph'), 37 


Francis Morris', 79, 92, 94 






John' (Peter'), 38 


Frederick', 18 






John George.' See George' or John 


George' or John George (Killian 


•), 


13. 


George 


14, IS, 25-36, 37, 38, 40, 61, 87, 


109, 


John H., 51 


no, 115, 119, 120, 121, 123 






John Krone", i7 


George" (Jacob') 16, 17 






Joseph' (Killian'), 14, 15, 36-37, 61 


George Clinton', 17 






Joseph' (Lorentz'), 19 


George' (Joseph'), 37 






Joseph', 25 


George" (Henry'), 38 






Joseph, 23, 31 


George, 38 






Jos. G., 51 


George', 52, 53, 63, 68, 73-82, 85, 


87 


. 92 


Josiah', 37 


George' (W. Latimer'), 78, 80, 88, 89 


Julia Ann", 17 


George' (Samuel'), 94 






Kate M. [ReiUy], 53, 86, 88, 89 


G. H., 51 






Katharine Latimer' [Stezvart], 88, 89 


George Krone", 37 






Killian', 3, 8, 9, 10, 11-15, 61, 98 


Hans Heinrich^ 2 






Killian', 38 


Hans Killian^ i 






Killian, 53, 72, 107 


Hans Michael', I 






Lorentz', i, 96 


Helena Bartow', 94 






Lorentz', 2, 96, 97 


Henry' or Heinrich (Killian'), 


14. 


15. 


Lorentz' or Lawrence, 2, 3-10, 11, 13, 


20, 37, 38, 61 






61, 97. 98 


Henry' (John*), 18 






Lorentz* (Lorentz'), 3, 10, 15-16 


Henry', 37 






Lorentz* (Lorentz"), 8, 9, 10, 12, 18-19 


Henry, 31 






Lorentz, 19 


Isabel Cassat', 66, 92, 94 






Louisa', 37 


Isabel [Cassat], 36, 53, 61, 62, 63, 


64-68, 


Lucinda', 17 


83, 92 






Lucinda [ , Ilgenfritz, Ilgeiifritz], 


Isaias', 36 






IS. 37. 38 


Jacob*, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17 






Lydia', 24 


Jacob' (Killian*), 14, 15, 20-24, 61 






Magdalena, 2 


Jacob' (Jacob*), 16, 17 






Magdalena", 2 


Jacob' (John*), 18 






Magdalena', 3 


Jacob' (Lorentz*), 19 






Margaret Maria', 38 


Jacob', 24 






Maria Elizabeth", 2 


Jacob, 20, 25, 29 






Martha Elizabeth', 19 


Jane [Reese], 88 






Mary', 12 


Johann Adam', i 






Mary' [Grovell, 18 


Johann Adam', 2 






Mary Campbel' [Franklin], 52, 53, 63, 


Johann Adam', 3, lo 






66, 78, 79. 81, 86, 92, 93, 94-95 


Johann Erich', 2 






Mary Dalrymple', 88, 89, 92 


Johann Heinrich', 2 






Mary Richardson' [Schmidt], 92, 94 



359 



9InDc;c 



Small and Schniahl : 

Mary [Ebert], 15, j8 

Mary Grant [Jackson], 53, li' 74. 77. 

81 
Mary S. [Wilson], 53, 86, 88 
Michael', 14, 15, 36, 61 
Peter' (Killian'j, u, 14, 15, 37-38, Oi, 135 
Peter" (John*), 18 
Peter, 20, 22,, 25, 31 
Philip Albright", 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43-53- 

55, 58, 6i, 63, 64, 72, 73, 74, 82, 85, 

86, 89, 91, 92, 159. 160, 161, 170 
Philip Albright', 53 
Philip A.», 78, 79, 80, 88-89, 9^. 112 
Philip Edmond", n 

Phillipena [ J, 15, 24, 25 

Sallie. See Sarah Bartow Small 

SamueT', 19 

Samuel" (Jacob'), 17 

Samuel" (George'), 30, 31. ^t,. 34, 35, 36. 

44, 46, 48, 49, 53-68, 82, 87, 92, and 

Appendix 
Samuel', 48, 49, 52, 53, 63, 64, 66, 68, 

77, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 92, 93-94, 23s 
Samuel", 79, 92. 94 
Samuel, 234 
Sarah", 19 
Sarah", 37 
Sarah Ann', 38 
Sarah Bartow', 52, 53, 63, 66, 79, 82-85, 

86, 92 
Sarah Latimer" \Franklin\, 81, 92, 93 
Sarah Bartow [Latimer], 36, 43, 46, 48, 

52. 53. 74. 82, 92, 159, 161, 162 
Sebastian", 18 
Susan David', 52, 53, 89-93 
Susanna", 37 

William' (Jacob"), 16, 17 
William' (John"), 25 
William F.", 17 
William Henry', ,?8 
William Latimer', 43, 49, 52, 53, 63, 68, 

Ti. 77- 78, 79. 80, 82, 85, 86-89, 92, 93 
Smallwood, Colonel William, 103 
Smedley, Lydia [Harlan}^ 221 
Smith, Adam, 233, 234 
Annie (Gardner), 66 
Barbara, 115, 116 
Dewalt, 233, 234 
Frances [Litzenberger, Livergood, 

Smith'], 233 
Francis T., 81 
Frank, 77 
Frederick, 233, 234 



360 



Smith, Rev. George L., 83, 86 

J . 34 

Jacob, 1 18 

James, 30, 109 

John, 23i 

Philip, 233 

Robert, 233 

Salome [ , Gardiu-r], 233, 234 

William, 40, 42, 233 

W. W., 56 
Smyser, E. G., 71, 72, 73 

Henry, 56 

H. S., 56 

J. M., 51 

Michael, 56, 132 

T. C, 51, S6 
Somers, Thomas, 212 
Son, George, 126 

Jared B., 34 
Sower, Christopher, Sr., 197; Jr., 197 
Spangler and Spengler : 

Anna [Welsh], 131 

Anna Maria [Scluiialil], 15, 37, 38, 135 

Anna Mary [Dinkel], 133 

Anna Mary [Imsclnviller], 131 

Anthony, 131 

Baltzer, 109, 117 

Baltzer, Sr., 134 

Bernhard, 130 

Caspar, 130 

Catherine [Barnitc], 135 

Catherine [Kendrick], 131 

Catherine [Schvveisgood], 131 

Catherine A. [Hamilton], 135 

Charles, 131 

Charles C, 55 

Daniel, 115, 131 

David, 131 

Dorothea [Dinkel]. See Maria Doro- 
thea 

Elizabeth [HerbacI;. Milter], 131 

Elizabeth INcs], 135 

Elizabeth [King], 135 

Edward W., 13, 18, 130, 134 

Ferdinand, 121 

Frederick, 131 

George, 15, 25, 38, 107 

Helen Dorothea [Fisher], 135 

Jacob, 26, 31, 117, 119, 122, 13s 

Jesse, 135 

John, 107 

Dr. John, 121 

John Daniel, 135 

Jno. J., 80 



91nDeic 



Spangler and Spengler : 




Stillinger, Clement, 26 


Judith [ ], 130 




David, 72 


Margaret [Slaglv], 135 




Stillwell, Ann [Bartozv], 177 


Margaret. See Margaretha Salome 


Stingle. See Stengel 


Margaret [Leatherman], 109, 12 


I 


Stinson, Margaret [Killough], 228, 229 


Margaretha Salome [Dinkel], 


125, 129, 


Stohr, Christopher, 107 


130, 131, 132 




Stoll, George, 114 


Maria Dorothea [Dinkel], 126, 


29. 134- 


Stonerode, Lewis or Ludwig, 234 


135 




Sarah [Gardner], 234 


Mary D. [Heckert], 135 




Stover, Rebecca [Spengler], 131 


Michael, 131 




Stoves, Lewis, 145 


Peter, 135 




Strevig, J. M., 64 


Philip, 131 




J. W., 68 


Philip Caspar, 129, 130, 131, 132 




Lizzie, 67 


Rebecca [Stover], 131 




Strickler, Geo., 56 


Rudolf or Rudolph, 109, 115, 


118, 120, 


Johannes, 8 


129, 134, 135 




Stroman, John, Sr., 14 


S., 56 




Stuart, Wni., 114 


Samuel, 117. 133 




Stuck, Jacob, 114 


Sarah [Gardner], 135 




Stuppen, Eva Christopel, 2 


Solomon, 131 




Superville. M., 203 


Susanna [Diehl], 131 




Swope, Benjamin, 100, lOI 


Susannah [Hay], 135 




Swoope, George, 8 


William A., s6 




Michael, 8, 9, 12 


[Taylor], 131 






Speiss, , 103 




Tacquelet, Guillaume, 215 


Spengler. See Spangler 




Rachel [Cromntelin], 215 


Spohr, Johannes, 7 




Marie [de Maucroix], 213 


Sprigg, George H., 65 




Taylor, [Spangler], 131 


Sprogell, Mr., 104 




Bayard, 222 


Splitter, Johannes, 129 




W. W., 77 


Stair, Ann Amelia [Small'], 17 




Testart, Anne [Crommelin], 216 


Jacob, 17 




Cyprian, 201 


Stable, James A., 56 




Cyrus, 200 


Stallman, C. H., 51 




Elbort, 208 


Stamcast, Hance, 14S 




Elizabeth [Crommelin], 216 


Stamper, Mary [Bingham], 209 




Gertrude [ ], 206 


Stark, Lucy [Richardson], 232 




Isaac, 199 


Sterling, Lord, 103, 104, 105 




Madame, 193 


Stengel or Stingle, Conrad, 107 




Marie Madeline [Benezet], 192, 215 


Stern, Johannes, 2 




Marie Madeline [Crommelin], 199 


Philipps, 2 




Madeline [Crommelin], 215 


Stevenson, Charity [Bartow], lyy 




Pierre, 192, 199, 200, 206, 215 


George. 129, 131, 172 




Rachel [Crommelin], 192, 215 


Jane [Geddes], 172. 




Susan [Robetlion], 215 


Stewart or Stuart, Alexander, 221, 


222 


Thomas, Abner C, 168, 169 


C. Morton, 89 




Lizzie, 80, 81 


David, 140 




Thomas, 226 


Jane, 222 




Thompson, George. 222 


Katharine Latimer [Small'], 88 


89 


Miriam [Short, White, Coppock], 222 


Mary [Baily, Harlan], 221, 222 




Will., 177 


Redmond Conyngham, 89 




W. A., 119 


Mrs. Redmond C. (Katharine 


Latimer 


Thomson, Frank, yj 


Small'), 88 




Thornbury, Annie, 67 



361 



91nDe]c 



Thootr, John, 5 
Toans, John, 178 
Tomes, John, 72 

WilHam, 72 
Tubinger, Killian, 19 
Tucker, Hannah [Bartow], 179 
Tunison, Dirick, 185 
Turner, Daniel, 175, 177 
Tyler, Adam, loi 

Matthew, 51 
Tymperton, Constable, 99 
Tyson, James E., 77 

Uber, Eva [Schmahl, Rcisiuger], 3, 5, 7, 8, 
9, ID, II, 97 

Heinrich, 3, 97 

Johannes, 2, 97 

Magdalena [Wagner], 97 
Underbill, Nathaniel, 175 
Updegraf, Herman, 9 
Upp. See Obb 
Uyeth, John, 118 

Valmalette, Charlotte [Lienrard or Lieu- 
nard], 201 

Pierre, 201, 204 

Val Heidt, , 179 

Vandegrift, Hannah G. [Benczct], 206 
Van VIeck, Henry, 179; Jr., 179 

Rev., 43. 46 
Vaux, Roberts, 193, 203 
Verbrasel, Mathies, 188 
Voglesong, John, 34, 35 
Von Diinckle, Johan, 136 

Peter, 136 
Von Ernest or Von Harnst, Marie Ursula, 

Peter, 130 

Wagner, Adam, 97 

Daniel, 19 

Johann Adam, 2; Jr.. 2 

Magdalena [Uber'\, 97 

W., 56 
Walker, Mary [Cathcart], 157 
Wallace, Thomas, Sr., 151 
Wallis, S. Teackle, 76 
Walraven. John, 145 
Walteville, Baron, 195 
Walton, Richard, 17 
Wampler, Catharine. 114 

Lewis, 56, 114, 117 
Wanbaugh, John. 56 
Ware, Rev. H. E., 94 



Warne, Tho., 185 

Washington, General George, 103, 104, 106, 

154, 209, 210 
Wasson, George, 26 
Watkins, Captain Joseph, 211 
Watson, Patrick, 9 
Weakley, John A., 55 
Webster, Ann [ ], 232 

Cyrus, 232 

Eliza, 232 

Hannah [Reynolds], 232 

Isaac, 226 

Joshua, 224, 226, 232 

Lydia, 232 

Margaret [ ], 231 

Mary [Richardson], 224, 225, 226, 232 

Mary Ann, 232 

Rebecca [Richardson], 226, 231 

Samuel, 232 

William, 231, 232 

William R., 232 
Weidman, Hannah [Litzeiiberger], 233 
Weifell, Abrm., 234 
Weigle, C. H., 55 
Weist, E. C, 56 

Jacob, 56 

Michael, 56 

Peter, 56 
Weitzel, Captain Casper, 103 
Weld, Henry Thos., 76, 81 
Weller, Peter, 230 

Welschance, Eva [Schmahl], 10, 11, 12, 13, 
15, 98 

Joseph, 98 
Welsh, Anna [Sfangler], 131 

Catharine Elizabeth [Schmahl], 15, 20, 

24 
W. H., 56 

John B., 51 

Michael, 14, 19 
Welshans, Joseph, 31, 117 
Welshhans, Conrad, 114 

Joseph, 115 
Welshoffer, Jacob, 25 

Mr., 20 
Wentz, Alex., 56 

Jacob B., 120 
Wesley. Rev. John, 211 
Westcoat, Richard, 212 
Westerheld, Fred. 47 
White, Euphame [Bartow], 178 

Miriam [Short, Thompson, Coppock], 
222 

Rebekah [Harlan], 221 



362 



UnDcjc 



White, Sarah [North], 207 


Wilson, John, 199 




Stephen, 221 


Mary S. [Small], 53, 86, 88 




Rev. WilHam (Bishop), 209 


Robert, 115, 117 




William, 222 


William, 86 




Whitefield, Rev. George, 194, 195 


Wilton, Alice [Wickersham], 223 




Whiteside, Rebecca [Latimer], 138 


William, 223 




Whitmer, Ann [Engle], 210 


Winchester, George, 27 




Wickersham, Abigail [Johnson, Baily, Cloud], 


Winter, C. F., 51 




221, 222, 223 


John, 114 




Alice [Hogg], 222, 223 


Wolf, Eliza [Dinkcl], 129, 132, 133 




Alice [IVilton], 223 


John, 19 




Ann, 222, 223 


Wolfe, Lorentz, 2 




Ann [ ], 223 


Wolfenehl, Anna Christina, 2 




Catherine [Johnson], 223 


Johannes, 2 




Elizabeth [Harry], 223 


Wolle, Christian Jacob, 210 




Hannah [Harlan], 220, 221, 223 


Elizabeth [Horsfieid], 210 




Humphry, 223 


Wood, Joseph, 208, 211 




Isaac, 223 


Mary [Benezet, Pilmore], 208, 


209, 


James, 222, 223 


211 




John, 222, 223 


Wooley, Edmund, 194 




Rachel [Hayes], 223 


Worley, Nathan, 117 




Rebecca, 223 


Wright, Franklin, 93 




Richard, 223 


James, 7 




Robert, 223 


Captain John, 132 




Sarah, 223 


Sarah, 93 




Sarah [Harlan], 221 






Thomas, 221, 222, 223 


Yellott, Washington, 73 




William, 223 


Young, Louisa, 47 




Wilkins, George C, 77 


Ysilz, John. 6 




Wilkinson, Ann [Cuthbert], 156 






Williams, D. R, 56 


Zealler, Barter, 7 




Elizabeth [Embree], 231 


Zeller, Barthol, 115 




Major Ennion, 104, 105, 106 


Zengeri, Christian, S, 6, 7, 9 




John, I7S 


Ziegle, God'l, 14, 15 




Willing, Ann [McCall], 209 


Zinn. See Sinn, Christian 




George, 207, 209 


Zinzendorf, Count, 195, 201 




Maria [Benezet], 207, 209 


Zorger, Frederick, 114, 120 




Thomas, 116, 209 


Zumwalt, Andrew, 6 






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